JP3121762B2 - How to set earthwork - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an installation method of earthwork, and more particularly to a method of cutting and embankment based on a height difference between a local ground and a planned ground obtained by using a GPS (Global Positioning System). On how to install.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In earthwork and residential land development work, the ground (hereinafter referred to as "planned ground") is completed on the current ground (hereinafter referred to as "local ground") which is the target of earthwork so as to be a target such as cut or embankment. ), And earthworking methods such as dragonflies (a cross-shaped method consisting of standing piles and horizontal plates), bamboo bamboo, and tobashi are installed. Referring to FIG. 7 to FIG. 9, there are the following earthwork methods installed in the conventional earthworks and the like. In the drawing, the local ground R is represented by a dotted line, and the planned ground T is represented by a solid line.

(1) Register marks installed at reference positions in construction. This is installed at a reference position in construction (such as a road intersection or a position where the height gradient changes) to indicate a cut height or an embankment height to the planned ground. In this installation method, the height of the top of the standing pile driven into the reference position is measured with an optical surveying instrument, and the horizontal plate is fixed horizontally at the predetermined height position on the standing pile with the surveying instrument. Then, the height difference between the predetermined height position and the planned ground is written on the horizontal plate. The written height difference indicates the cut height or the embankment height. The register mark 30 _1, 30 ₂ illustrating a Cut height in FIG. 7 (A) in the reference position R _1, R ₅ is installed, it is installed with the register mark 32 ₁ showing the fill height in the reference position R _3.

[0004] Note that the earthworks or the like advances to the state shown in FIG. 7 (B), Dragonfly 30 _1, 30 ₂ which is placed in the state shown in FIG. 7 (A) becomes a mountain and the other register mark 32 ₁ buried in the ground I will. Therefore, it is necessary to repeat the setting of the dispatch method to the reference position according to the progress of the construction. The plan closer to the ground precise height difference is determined, and established a new register mark 30 ₃ showing the height change in the reference position R ₆ in FIG. 7 (B). Current coordinates of the reference position R ₆ is measured by triangulation using the optical surveying instruments.

[0005] (2) Register marks and flag bamboos to be installed at the cut boundary position. This is to prevent excessive embankment and cut in earthworks,
A dragonfly, a flag bamboo, etc. are installed at the cutting boundary position to serve as a guide for the worker. In FIG. 7, a flag bamboo is set at the cutting boundary positions R ₂ and R ₄ . Current coordinates such SetsuSakari boundary position R _2, as in the case of the reference position R _6, measured by triangulation using the optical surveying instruments.

(3) Hohwari installed at the position of cut shoulder or embankment. For example, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, in order to show a slope of a slope (hereinafter, referred to as a planning slope) formed by cutting or embankment, a cutting start position (cut shoulder position) or It is installed at the position where embankment starts (the embankment position). FIG. 9 shows the law cutting 34 at the position of the cut shoulder, in which the lower end of the swash plate 34e indicates the position of the cut shoulder, and the inclination of the oblique plate 34e indicates the inclination of the planned slope T. Both the position of the cut shoulder and the position of the embankment are the intersections between the local ground and the planned ground. Conventionally, the position of the cut shoulder and the position of the embankment are measured with an optical surveying instrument.

Referring to FIG. 8, a conventional method of measuring the position of the cut shoulder will be briefly described. First, the optical surveying instrument 38 is moved to a predetermined position R _p on a predetermined reference line (a line perpendicular to the drawing in FIG. 8). In a direction perpendicular to a predetermined reference line (hereinafter referred to as a slope direction).
Collimate. Predetermined position based on design plan, cross section, etc.
Horizontal distance V ₁₀ from R _p to the intersection R ₁₀ between the local ground and the planned ground
The determined, generally by inducing an optical surveying instrument 38 in the position R _a of the distance installing the reflecting mirror 39. Then determine the height difference H _a between the position R _p and the reflecting mirror 39 in the optical surveying instrument 38, between the reflecting mirror 39 and Law butt and a tilt angle θ of the height difference H _a and programming surface T calculating a horizontal distance V _a + V _y, further calculates the horizontal distance V _a + V _y + V _x between the reflecting mirror 39 in addition to the horizontal distance V _x and a predetermined position R _p to law Ass predetermined position R _p . Calculated horizontal distance obtained by a horizontal distance of V _a + V _y + V _x and the optical surveying instrument 38
Comparing the V _10, it causes only the reflection mirror 39 before and after the difference V _a. By repeating several times the above operation, finding the intersection R ₁₀ That Cut shoulder position with local board and planning ground. Reference numerals 34a and 34b in FIG. 9 denote two piles installed on the collimation line behind the cut shoulder position viewed from the optical surveying instrument 38, and reference numerals 34c and 34d.
Indicates a horizontal plate for fixing the oblique plate 34e at a predetermined angle.

[0008]

However, there are the following problems in the installation method of earthworks using a conventional optical surveying instrument. (1) Skill is required in handling and installing surveying instruments. (2) To determine the position of the surveying instrument, at least two auxiliary reference points with known coordinates are required at the site, and it is difficult to locate the position in a place where there is no auxiliary reference point nearby. (3) At least two workers are required: a worker for fixing the surveying instrument and a worker who moves while responding to the guidance of the surveying instrument while holding the reflection mirror. (4) Also, the guided side must always move according to the instructions of the surveying instrument while keeping the reflecting mirror facing the surveying instrument, so that the surveying efficiency is poor. (5) Since surveying is performed with the reflection mirror directly viewed from the surveying instrument, logging work or the like is required to secure the visibility, which is troublesome.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an installation method in which a single worker can easily install an earthworks.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor paid attention to a surveying and positioning technique using GPS (hereinafter, referred to as GPS surveying). According to the GPS survey, radio waves from a plurality of GPS satellites (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as satellites) in a circular orbit around the earth are used to measure the position of the earth on a GPS surveying device (hereinafter, simply referred to as a surveying device). There is.)
The three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement position can be measured in real time based on the received radio waves. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, one-point positioning in which three-dimensional coordinates of a measurement position are calculated as intersections of three or more spherical surfaces by receiving radio waves from three or more satellites with one surveying device has been performed. Further, relative positioning for calculating accurate three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement position is performed by simultaneously using two surveying devices provided at the known position and the measurement position, respectively.

Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the method of installing an earthwork method according to the present invention is based on a method 30, 32, 33 for cutting and embankment on a field ground R on which a planned ground T is designed. In the method of installing the moving body 2, the moving body 2 moving on the local board R
Portable GPS surveying device 5 capable of measuring three-dimensional coordinates of the position, storage device 21 storing planned ground T, and surveying device 5
And a portable height comprising the computer 20 connected to the storage device 21
Hold the low difference detector and select the position Ri on the local board R
Is measured by the surveying device 5 by moving the moving body 2 to the on-site position Ri, and the height difference between the on-site position Ri and the planned ground T is calculated by the computer 20. At the position Ri on the board, ways 30, 32, and 33 indicating cut height, embankment height or cut boundary according to the height difference are installed.

Preferably, when the planned ground T is a slope having a predetermined inclination angle θ at the on-site position R _i where the elevation difference is zero, the manner of using the on-site position R _i is determined by the predetermined inclination angle θ. It is assumed that it is tilted by the law.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a site R and a planned ground T taken along a predetermined planning line. Moving member 2 holds the portable surveying instrument 5 moves to local surface plate position R _i, the surveying device 5 measures the current coordinates in real time local platen position R _i, the measured current coordinates surveying device 5 From Calculator 20
Is input to The moving body 2 also holds a storage device 21 in which the planned ground T is stored, and the storage device 21 is also connected to the computer 20. One example of the planned ground T is a three-dimensional design ground surface map created by CAD (computer-aided design) or the like.

FIG. 4A stores the planned ground T as so-called mesh data, that is, three-dimensional coordinates of a grid-like intersection between the group of vertical axes separated by predetermined vertical and horizontal intervals V and H in the horizontal direction and the planned ground T. An embodiment stored in the device 21 is shown. Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 4 (A) and (B), illustrating the method of calculating the current height difference between the coordinates of the planned ground T and local surface plate position R _i.
However, the method of storing the planned ground T and the method of calculating the height difference are shown in FIG.
However, the present invention is not limited to this example.

[0015] code shown in FIG. 4 (A) R _i 'a local surface plate position R _i
Indicates the vertical projection position on the planned ground T, and the symbols Ta, Tb,
Tc and Td indicate four grid-like intersections surrounding the vertical projection position R _i ′. Current coordinates local platen position R _i is represented by the following formula (1),
The three-dimensional coordinates of each grid intersection Ta, Tb, Tc, Td are given by the following equation (2)
4 (B), the inner dividing points Tab, Ta shown in FIG.
The heights of c, Tcd, and Tbd, that is, the z coordinate, can be estimated as represented by the following equations (6) to (9). However, H, V, h ₁ in formulas (6) to (9),
h ₂ , v ₁ , and v ₂ are values determined by the following equations (10) to (15). Assuming that the three-dimensional coordinates of the vertical projection position R _i ′ are represented by the following equation (16), the height of the vertical projection position R _i ′, that is, the z coordinate z _ri ′,
formula from the height of ab and Tcd value z _ri is estimated by (17) ''
It can be obtained by the following equation (19) as an average value of the values and the values z _ri ′ ″ estimated by the following equation (18) from the heights of the internal dividing points Tac and Tbd. Once the height of the vertical projection position R _i ′ is obtained, the height difference to be obtained is, as shown in the following equation (20), the position R _i on the local board.
Height of current coordinates (z coordinate of equation (1)) and vertical projection position R _i '
(The equation (19)).

[0016]

[Equation 1] R _i = (x _ri , y _ri , z _ri ) ……………………… (1) Ta = (x ₁ , y ₁ , z ₁ ) ……………… ……… (2) Tb = (x ₂ , y ₁ , z ₂ ) …………………… (3) Tc = (x ₁ , y ₂ , z ₃ ) …………… ………… (4) Td = (x ₂ , y ₂ , z ₄ ) …………………… (5) Tab height = {(z ₁ × h ₂ ) + ( z ₂ × h ₁ )} / H …………… (6) Height of Tac = {(z ₁ × v ₂ ) + (z ₃ × v ₁ )} / V …………… (7 ) Tcd height = {(z ₃ × h ₂ ) + (z ₄ × h ₁ )} / H …………… (8) Tbd height = {(z ₂ × v ₂ ) + (z ₄ × v ₁ )} / V …………… (9) where H = | x ₂ −x ₁ | ………………… (10) V = | y ₂ −y ₁ | …………………… (11) h ₁ = | x _ri −x ₁ | …………………… (12) h ₂ = | x _ri −x ₂ | ……………… (13) v ₁ = | y _ri −y ₁ | …………………… (14) v ₂ = | y _ri −y ₂ | …………………… (15) R _i ′ = (x _ri , y _ri , z _ri ') ……………………… (16) z _ri ″ = {Tab height × v ₂ ) + (Tcd height × v ₁ )} / V …… (17) z _ri ′ ″ = {Tac height × h ₂ ) + (Tbd height × h ₁ )} / H ……… (18) z _ri ′ = ( z _ri ”+ z _ri ''') / 2 ……………………… (19) Height difference = z _ri −z _ri ' ……………………… (20)

[0017] Referring to FIG. 1, if the height difference between the planned ground T by the computer 20 at the site platen position R ₁ and R ₅ is determined, it indicates that difference in height directly Cut high, local surface plate position
It can be installed dragonfly 30 ₁ illustrating a Cut height in R ₁ or R _5. Further, the height difference between the planned ground T at the site platen position R ₃ is obtained, it is possible to install a register mark 32 ₁ indicating the difference in height between the embankment height. Further by moving while calculating the height difference between the local surface plate position R ₁ and R _3, height difference can be found the position i.e. SetsuSakari boundary position R ₂ becomes zero, the SetsuSakari boundary position it is possible to install a leading frame the way such as Hatatake to R _2. In short, according to the present invention, a worker alone can detect a cut boundary position, a cut height, a fill height, and the like while moving on the local board R, and can install a necessary method.

Thus, the object of the present invention, that is, the "installation method in which the earthwork method can be easily installed by one worker" can be provided.

According to the present invention, the Cut shoulder position and embankments butt position detection is troublesome in the conventional optical surveying instruments, as in the case of SetsuSakari boundary position R _2, by the computer 20 and the planning ground T height difference can be easily detected as a local surface plate position R _i is zero. Identifying the SetsuSakari boundary position R ₂ may be planned ground T at the site platen position R _i height difference is zero is by whether slope. When the planned ground T is a slope having a predetermined inclination angle θ, a lawn slanted at a predetermined inclination angle θ is installed at a position R _i on the local ground, whereby FIG.
And the cut method stake 34 and the embankment method stake 35 shown in FIG.

[0020]

FIG. 2 shows an example of a portable device which is a combination of a surveying device 5, a storage device 21, and a computer 20 which can be used in the present invention. 2 includes a holding member 15 for holding a surveying device 5 for receiving radio waves from a GPS satellite and a downward distance meter 14 for measuring the height from the ground surface 3 at a predetermined interval d, and a portable frame 16. , The holding member so that the distance meter 14 faces vertically downward.
Attitude maintaining means 18 for holding the holding member 15 on the portable frame 16 while maintaining the attitude of 15, a storage device for storing the planned ground T
And a computer 20 connected to the surveying device 5, the distance meter 14, and the storage device 21. Computer 20, local surface plate position of vertically below the surveying device 5 on the basis of a signal height h from the survey signal and the distance meter 14 from the surveying device 5 with a predetermined distance d R _i
Is calculated, and the height difference between the current coordinates and the planned ground T is calculated. The calculated current coordinates and height difference can be displayed on, for example, a display device 22 connected to the computer 20.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment for detecting the installation orientation of the lawn. As shown in FIG. 8, it is necessary to set the slope in the direction of the slope. However, it is conceivable that the slope direction cannot be easily detected in the present invention in which one worker detects the position of the cut shoulder. 3 has a shaft member 41 that can be fixed vertically, and a rotating member 42 whose one end is pivotally supported by the shaft member 41 and whose other end is rotatable on a plane perpendicular to the shaft member 41. The rotating member 42 in FIG. 3 has a fixing member 43 of the surveying device 5 at the other end, and a pin 45 is hung vertically downward from the fixing member 43. In use, the shaft member 41 of the turning means 46 is vertically fixed at the cut shoulder position or the embankment butt position where the law guard should be installed, and the surveying device 5 is attached to the other end of the rotating member 42 with the fixing member 43, and the like. The surveying device 5 measures the three-dimensional coordinates of each angular position on the trajectory of the other end while rotating the end around the shaft member 41 once. The computer 20 calculates the height difference between the three-dimensional coordinates of each angular position and the planned ground T, and obtains the azimuth at which the height difference is maximum. Local board R in the direction where the height difference is maximum
By attaching a mark on the top with a pin 45, and installing a lawn in the direction connecting the mark and the cut shoulder position or the embankment position,
The lawn can be installed facing the slope. Although FIG. 3 shows the disc-shaped rotating member 42, the shape of the rotating member 42 is not limited to the illustrated example. In addition, the surveying device 5 includes a holding member shown in FIG.
15 and can be attached to the fixing member 45 of the turning means 46 in FIG.

FIGS. 1 and 6 show an embodiment in which the mobile unit 2 performs surveying while moving on a local board R using relative positioning of GPS surveying. In the relative positioning, as shown in FIG. 6, a GPS receiver 4 for receiving a radio wave from a GPS satellite and a transmitter 6 transmitting a reception signal of the receiver 4 as a relay signal are transmitted to a fixed station 1 having known coordinates A on the ground. And the mobile unit 2 holds the relay signal receiver 10. In moving unit 2, for example, the known coordinates A stored in the storage device 21, a relay signal received by the receiver 10, based on the survey signal from the surveying device 5, the relative positioning of the current coordinates of the local surface plate position R _i Is calculated by

In the embodiment shown in FIG.
And a relay device 8 is provided therebetween. That is, the relay signal from the transmitter 6 of the fixed station 1 transmits at the first carrier relay channel CH _1, and the relay signal specific receives the relay signal to the first within reach of the carrier wave of the relay channels CH ₁ 2n
Relay channel CH _2n (n is a natural number of 1 or more) are set up n number of the relay device 8 ₁ to 8 _n to be sent on a carrier of a. Moving member 2, and selectively receives one of the carriers of the relay channels CH ₁ or CH _2n by the receiver 10 can be used to calculate the current coordinates. According to the embodiment of FIG.
By appropriately arranging the relay signals, the relay signal can be reliably transmitted to the receiver 10 of the mobile unit 2 via the appropriate relay device 8 even under a complicated change in the terrain and weather conditions. And the inability to survey.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the display device 22 for assisting the moving body 2 to move to the target position. FIG. 5 shows a display device 22 for displaying a coordinate system having an origin O. For example, an XY coordinate system in which target coordinates inputted from the input means 23 shown in FIG. Current coordinates local platen position R _i by surveying device 5 also, for example, is converted into the coordinates of the XY coordinate system via the conversion means 24 shown in FIG. 2, is displayed as a triangle on the relative position S with respect to the origin O. The target coordinates are, for example, coordinates defined on the planned ground T. The worker who sets up the dispatching method, for example, indicates that the triangle displayed on the display device 22 is X
By moving so as to overlap the origin O of the Y coordinate, it is possible to easily approach the target coordinates on the planned ground T. An example of the display device 22 is a computer with a display capable of displaying graphic data.

[0025]

As described above, the installation method of earthworking method of the present invention allows a moving object moving on a local ground to hold a GPS surveying device, a storage device storing a planned ground, and a computer. Calculate the height difference between the current coordinates of the on-board position and the planned ground, and according to the height difference, the cut height at the on-site board position,
The following remarkable effects can be obtained because a method of indicating the embankment height or the cut boundary is set.

(A) Since the cut height and the embankment height can be directly grasped from the height difference, the method of indicating the cut height and the embankment height can be installed without troublesome surveying. (B) Since the intersection between the local ground and the planned ground, which conventionally required troublesome surveying, can be detected relatively easily as a position where the height difference is zero, the cut boundary position, the cut shoulder position, and the embankment It can be installed in the butt position in a short time.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of one embodiment of a portable surveying device.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of one embodiment of a turning means.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of one method of calculating a height difference.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an example of display on the display device.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of an installation method of a conventional earthworking method.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional method of installing a hohokuhari.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of the cutting method tohori.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fixed station 2 ... Mobile body 3 ... Ground surface 4 ... GPS receiving device 5 ... GPS surveying device 6 ... Transmitter 8 ... Relay device 10 ... Receiver 14 ... Distance meter 15 ... Holding member 15a ... Weight 16 ... Portable frame Body 18 ... Posture maintaining means 20 ... Computer 21 ... Storage device 22 ... Display device 23 ... Input means 24 ... Conversion means 30, 32 ... Dragonfly 33 ... Ban bamboo 34 ... Cut method stake 35 ... Embankment method stake 38 ... Surveying Instrument 39 ... Reflection mirror 41 ... Vertical axis 42 ... Rotating member 43 ... Fixing member 45 ... Pin 46 ... Swirl means R ... Local board T ... Planned ground.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Tsutomu Hayasaki 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takashi Aono 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kashima Corporation (56) References JP-A-7-131230 (JP, A) JP-A-63-135815 (JP, A) (58) Fields studied (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01C 15 / 00-15/14 E04G 21/18 G01S 5/14

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for installing a method for cutting and embankment on a site ground on which a planned ground is designed, comprising: measuring a three-dimensional coordinate of a position of the mobile body moving on the local ground; A portable GPS surveying device, a storage device storing the planned ground, and a portable elevation difference detecting device comprising a computer connected to the surveying device and the storage device, and a selected position on the local panel. The current coordinates of the moving body to the position on the local board is measured by the surveying device, the height difference between the current coordinates of the position on the local board and the planned ground is calculated by the computer, An installation method of an earthwork method, wherein a method of indicating a cut height, an embankment height, or a cut boundary according to the height difference is installed at an upper position. 2. The installation method according to claim 1, wherein when the planned ground is a slope having a predetermined inclination angle at a position on the ground where the height difference is zero, the method of moving the position on the ground is used. Installation method of earthworking method that becomes a law stake inclined at a predetermined inclination angle. 3. The installation method according to claim 2, wherein the movable member has a vertically-fixable shaft member and one end pivotally supported by the shaft member and the other end rotatable on a plane perpendicular to the shaft member. Holding a turning means having a rotating member, vertically fixing a shaft member of the turning means at a position on a field board where the law tension is to be installed, and attaching the surveying device to the other end of the rotating member, While the other end makes one rotation around the shaft member, the three-dimensional coordinates of each angular position on the trajectory of the other end are measured by the surveying device, and the height of the three-dimensional coordinates of each angular position and the planned ground is measured. A method of installing an earthwork method, comprising calculating a difference by the computer to determine a direction at which the height difference is maximum, and setting the method to the direction at which the height difference is maximum. 4. The installation method according to claim 1, wherein the planned ground is defined as three-dimensional coordinates of a grid-like intersection between a group of vertical axes separated by a predetermined vertical and horizontal interval in the horizontal direction and the planned ground. The height difference between the current coordinates of the on-site location and the planned ground is stored in the storage device, and the three-dimensional intersection of the four grid-like intersections surrounding the vertical projection position of the on-site location on the planned ground is stored. A method of installing an earthwork method, which is calculated as a difference between the height of the projection position obtained from the coordinates by an interpolation method and the height of the current coordinates.