JP3118616B2 - Cooling or cooling / heating device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cooling or cooling / heating device using a heat pump or a refrigerator, and more particularly to a cooling or cooling / heating device using a heat pump suitable for a large cooling or heating device for performing district heating / cooling / hot water supply. It relates to a heating device.

[0002] The heat recovery device in this specification is
Not only a device for recovering artificial waste heat such as wastewater but also a heat recovery device for recovering heat from an energy source having a higher temperature than external air such as well water or seawater is included. Further, the heat pump is a heat pump in a broad sense including not only a heater for heating but also a refrigerator for cooling.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art In a general district heating / cooling / hot water supply system, a method of burning inexpensive fossil fuel such as a boiler as a hot fluid and using hot water or steam is mainly used. In this case,
Even if there is some waste in using the heat, it is economical because the boiler and fuel costs are low. In addition, there are many methods using an absorption refrigerator on the cold fluid side, and a method using a steam turbine driven by a boiler to operate a turbo refrigerator using this turbine.

However, recently, global warming has become a problem due to the greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide and the like released into the atmosphere. For this reason, it is thought that there will be a demand for a drastic reduction of primary energy in the future even in regional heating / cooling / hot water supply using a large amount of fossil fuel. To meet this demand, a district heating / cooling / hot water supply system using an electric heat pump is recommended.

[0005]

However, despite the fact that district heating and cooling systems using a large number of heat pumps have been proposed so far, the conventional systems have various disadvantages, and it cannot be said that their spread is still sufficient. hard. The cause is that the following six conditions required for the district heating and hot water supply system are not satisfied.

Condition 1: The power consumption of the heat pump can be reduced by efficiently recovering the hot water supply load wastewater and the medium and low temperature unused thermal energy.

Condition 2: Temperature loss due to heat radiation or heat absorption is small.

Condition 3: The heat storage tank is small both in summer and in winter. For that purpose, it is necessary to provide a device for storing ice in summer and storing high-temperature water in winter.

Condition 4: When the hot water supply load and the cooling load are simultaneously present, waste heat of the cooling load can be used as hot water heating energy.

Condition 5: Ice water can be produced with high performance.

Condition 6, high-density cold heat transport can be performed with high efficiency.

Problems to be solved by the above six conditions will be described. Condition 1 is important. It is often the case that primary heat consumption is higher in hot water boilers than in hot water boilers, in which heat is taken from outside air during severe cold and a heat pump is operated to obtain hot water for hot water supply. Therefore, it is important to recover heat from hot water supply load wastewater, cooling water for power generation in refuse incineration facilities, sewage, etc.
In that case, it is necessary to carry out efficiently.

The condition 2 is a natural condition, but it is difficult to satisfy the condition 1 at the same time and to satisfy this condition.
However, this has been largely solved by Japanese Patent Application No. 3-45832.

The reason why the condition 3 is difficult is that the basic conditions for the design of the heat storage tank differ between the case of high-temperature water storage and the case of ice storage. In the case of high-temperature water heat storage, the temperature difference is very large, for example, 10 to 65 ° C., so that it is necessary to use a so-called “push flow” type heat storage tank in which high-temperature water and low-temperature water are not mixed. In the case of a heat storage tank, it is important to move ice as smoothly as possible throughout the tank. However, the above two conditions are contradictory conditions. For example, in the case where ice is stored in a multi-tank extruded flow type high-temperature water heat storage tank, it becomes difficult for ice to flow.

Condition 4 is a condition that has been difficult in the past, but since a high-temperature heat pump has recently been developed, it can be realized by using this high-temperature heat pump.

Condition 5 is a difficult condition for a dynamic ice thermal storage system. In other words, in the case of district cooling, a dynamic ice storage system in which the ice making unit and the ice storage unit are separated is recommended, but this system usually requires a large amount of energy for melting ice. Therefore, there is a need to invent a dynamic ice storage system with good performance.

Condition 6 is a condition for further promoting district cooling. The biggest drawback of the conventional district cooling system is that the amount of heat transported by cooling, ie, the amount of heat transported per unit flow (kJ / k)
g) is small. Therefore, a system for transporting ice chip water is conceivable, but this system has a drawback in that the ice chips are blocked on the heat exchanger side of the load. However, this problem has also been largely solved by Japanese Patent Application No. 3-45832.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and by solving the above six conditions, a cooling or cooling / cooling system suitable for a district cooling / heating system using a heat pump is provided.
It is an object to provide a heating device.

[0019]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a heat storage device comprising three or more tanks connected by a communication passage, a low-temperature side heat pump device, a high-temperature side heat pump, In a cooling / heating device including a heat load, a heat transfer system including a heat load, a heat absorption source and a heat radiation source of a heat pump, and pipes, a pump, a valve, and the like for connecting the heat storage tank, a heat storage water tank is connected via at least the cooling load and the pump. In the non-radiation mode in which the heat radiation source is not operating, the heat pump heat absorption source heats the fluid in the lowest temperature bath, and the heat radiation source A switching means operable so as not to absorb heat from the heat pump heat absorbing source in the heat release mode in which the device is operating.

Further, the heat pump heat source is a device for recovering heat from a hot water supply load.

A cooling or heating system comprising a heat storage device comprising two or more tanks connected by a communication passage, a heat pump device, a cooling load and a heat transport system comprising pipes, pumps, valves and the like connecting these. In the cooling / heating device, the heat pump device is an ice making refrigerator, a cold water
Cooling refrigerator, piping to contact two or more units of water under heat exchangers and these are more configuration and more composed brine circulation path to the valve pump, pump, heat storage tank is small <br/> least cooling has a cold water tank are connected by a cryostat cooling load and return pipe are connected through the load and the pump, the water flow under formula water cryostat when the ice mode water downflow heat exchanger Flow down to the heat transfer surface of the heat exchanger and freeze for ice making
Was ice cooled brine cooled in the machine, cold with cold water cooling the refrigerator when the de-ice mode of the water flow-down type heat exchanger
Circulates the rejected brine and transfers heat to the water-falling heat exchanger.
It is characterized in that the surface is heated and thawed .

Further, in the above-mentioned cooling apparatus, at least a part of the water-flow-down type heat exchanger is also designed to double as the water heat exchanger.

In a cooling apparatus including a heat storage system, a heat pump, a cooling load, and a heat transport system for transporting ice water, which includes piping, pumps, valves, and the like for connecting the same, when the amount of cold heat is small, ice It is characterized by comprising a cold water supply / ice water supply switching means adapted to send unmixed cold water.

The heat transport system comprises a heat storage system, a heat pump, a cooling load, and a pipe, a pump, a valve, and the like for connecting them, and the heat transport system supplies a cold fluid according to the cooling load. In a cooling device having a variable amount, a cooling fluid return temperature-related physical quantity from a cooling load is detected, and when the return temperature decreases, cold water is supplied as a cooling fluid, and when the cooling fluid-related physical quantity increases, cooling is performed. It is characterized in that ice water is sent as the fluid.

[0025] In a cooling device comprising a heat storage device having a plurality of heat storage tanks, a heat pump, a cooling load, and a pipe, a pump, a valve, and the like for connecting these components, the heat transport system has It has a long-distance load zone for sending ice water and a short-distance load zone for sending cold water, and the heat storage tank for sending ice water and the heat storage tank for sending cold water of the heat storage device are integrally formed by a communication pipe.

[0026]

By configuring the cooling or cooling / heating device as described above, the device satisfies the above six conditions for disseminating the district cooling / heating system, as will be described in detail later.

[0027]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a cooling / heating device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a heat supply center portion composed of a heat storage section and a heat pump which are central portions thereof, and FIG. It is a top view. In addition, FIG.
They are a sectional view taken on line A 'and a sectional view taken on line BB'.

In the upper part of the heat storage tank 100, connecting pipes 1, 2, 3
-1 to 3-3, 4 to 5, 6-1 to 6-4, 7-1 to 7-
4, 8-18, 19-1 to 19-5, 20-1, 20-
2, 20-3 and 20-4 are provided. Further, connecting pipes 19 and 20 are provided between the heat storage tanks 100, as shown in FIGS. In addition, tank 23
The communication pipes 20, 21 are provided with valves 24, 25, and the valve 24 is opened in winter and the valve 25 is opened in summer.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the temperature change of the heat storage tank 100 in the morning, afternoon, evening and nighttime operation modes of the ice-making and hot water operation in winter. FIG. 5 shows the morning, noon, and evening of the heat storage tank 100 in summer.
It is a figure which shows the temperature change at the time of night ice making hot-water operation mode. Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the heat supply center will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 4 shows how the temperature of the heat storage tank changes in the winter morning.
(A). In addition, the temperature in the figure is an example. During the daytime, the pumps 26 and 27 shown in FIG. 2 are operated, and the high-temperature water in the tank 28 is supplied to the tank 29 via the connecting pipes 1 and 2 and the cold water in the cold / hot tanks 30-1, 30-2, and 30-3. The fluid is sent to the load via the connecting pipes 3-1 to 3-3 and returns to the tank 31 from the pipe 4.

When the refrigeration load is small, the switching valve 32 shown in FIG.
→ Valve 32 → Piping 34 → Heat recovery device 7 from hot water supply wastewater
0 → Return to the tank 29 via the return pipe 36.

Further, the intermediate water in the tank 35 is supplied by the pump 37 to the pipe 15 → the switching valve 38 → the pump 37 → the heat absorbing source 200 →
Heat recovery is performed in the order of the switching valve 39 → pipe 40 → pipe 16 → tank 29. When the temperature of the heat absorption source 200 decreases, the switching valve 3
8 and 39 are switched, the pipe 17 → the switching valve 38 → the heat absorbing source 2
00 → switching valve 39 → pipe 41 → pipe 4 Therefore, the temperature distribution in the heat storage tank 100 changes as shown in FIG.

At night, first, the ice making hot water operation mode is set. That is, the high-temperature side heat pump 42 and the low-temperature side heat pump system are operated. The hot water source in the tank 29 is the pump 4
Pumped by the pipes 4 and 45 through the pipe 12, heated by the heat pump 42 and sent to the tank 28 from the pipe 13 and cooled and sent to the tank 35 from the connecting pipe 14.

The low-temperature side heat pump device includes an ice making refrigerator 43, a cold water cooling refrigerator 46, and a falling heat exchanger 4.
8, 47-1, 47-2 ... brine pump 49,
49 ', the brine pipes 50 and 50', the switching valve 52
-1, 52-2, 52-3 and the like. However, the control device 150 is switched so that the cooling fluid tank 31 operates as a cooling water tank during a period in which the cooling load is small, usually in the period from January to March.

Then, the chilled water cooling refrigerator 46 and the pumps 49 'and 49 "are operated. The brine is switched from the chilled water cooling refrigerator 46 to the pipe 50 to the switching valve 52-1 to the falling heat exchanger 48 to switching. The valve 52'-1 → the pump 49 '→ cools the cold water sprayed to the refrigerator 46 and the flow-down heat exchanger 48. This cold water is cooled by the pump 51-1 in the heat exchanger 48.
Sprinkled on By operating the high-temperature side heat pump 42 and the low-temperature side heat pump device, the temperature in the heat storage tank 100 changes as shown in FIG.

Next, the night ice making mode shown in FIG. That is, the low-temperature side heat pump device stops, and only the high-temperature side heat pump 42 operates.

When the heat source is insufficient and the temperature in the intermediate heat source tank 29 is lowered, the heat pump is operated by the heat source from the pipe 41. FIG. 4F shows the temperature change of the heat storage tank in this mode.

FIG. 5 shows a change in temperature of the heat storage tank 100 in summer. The valve 24 in FIG. 3 is closed and the valve 25 is opened. 5A shows a state in the morning, and FIG. 5B shows a state in the daytime. The tanks 30-3, 30-2, and 30-1 store ice water. First, the ice water is connected to the connecting pipe 3-1.
Then, it is sent to the load via the valve 54-1, the pump 27, and the pipe 74. When the ice pieces disappear from the tank 30-1 and only the cold water from the connecting pipe 19-1 is left, the next tank 30-1
-Switch valve 54-1 so that ice water in -2 is sent to the load.
54-2 is switched.

FIG. 5 (d) shows the case of the night ice making operation mode. However, since the hot water supply load is small in summer, this operation mode is short. Initially, automatic control is performed so that ice is stored in the tank 30-3. When the ice storage in the tank 30-3 is completed, the ice is stored in the next tank 30-2.
That is, in the ice storage mode, the pump 51-3 is operated, water is sprayed on the heat exchanger 47-2, cooled by the brine flowing inside the heat exchanger, and iced on the heat transfer surface. Conversely, the brine is heated, and the valve 52 "-3 → the pump 49 → the refrigerator 43 → the pipe 50 → the control valve 52′-3 → the heat exchanger 47−
2 and is cooled by a refrigerator.

When the ice becomes thicker to some extent, the next cold water cooling mode is set. That is, the switching valves 52-3, 52'-3, 5
2 ″ -3 is switched, and the operation of the pump 51-3 is stopped.
2, water is sprayed on the heat transfer surface of the heat exchanger 47-1,
Heating the water inside. The heated brine is supplied to the switching valve 52 ″ -2 → the pump 49 ′ → the refrigerator 46 → the piping 50 ′ →
The switching valve 52-2 circulates through the heat exchanger 47-1 and the refrigerator 4
6 is cooled. Since the temperature in the tank 30-1 is about 14 ° C., the temperature of the circulation brine is also high. Therefore, 52-3
When the brine flows into the heat exchanger 47-2, the ice frozen on the heat transfer surface is heated and melted, becomes a plate shape, and falls into the tank 30-2. Then, the switching valves 52-3, 52-'3, and 52 "-3 are switched again and the pump 5
1-3 is operated, and the ice making operation starts again.

When the ice storage in the tank 30-2 is completed, the ice making in the tank 30-1 and the cold water cooling mode in the tank 31 are set.

Next, the load side will be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
In the figure, 90 indicates a building having a hot water supply load.

For winter heating, high-temperature water flows through the main pipe 56 → branch pipe 56 ′ → pump 58 → pipe 59 → fan coil units 60, 60 ′, 60 ″. Also, for hot water supply, branch pipe 66 →
It flows from the heat exchanger 67 to the pipe 68. Hot water supply load 69,6
The waste water from 9 ′, 69 ″,... Is sent to a waste heat recovery device 70, and if necessary, the cold water from the valve 57 is heated and discharged through a pipe 72.
→ Valve 81 → Heat exchanger 76 → Pump 58 ′ → Valve 5
7 and is recovered through the heat exchanger 76.

In the summer, the switching valve 57 and the switching valves 62 and 81 are switched, and ice water flows from the main pipe 74 to the branch pipe 75 to the heat exchanger 76, and is returned from the load return pipe 77 above the heat exchanger 76. It is heated and melted by water and further heated. Then, the temperature is controlled, for example, to 14 ° C. by the automatic temperature control valve 78 and returns to the main pipe 34 through the pipe 79 → the automatic temperature control valve 78 → the pipe 80. On the other hand, the load return water cooled by the heat exchanger 76 is sent to the fan coil units 60, 60 ′, 60 ″,.
It is supplied to cooling.

In FIG. 5, reference numeral 82 denotes a case where there is no hot water supply load. The cooling load in winter is a valuable heat source, and in this case, the heat is recovered by the main pipe 34. Building 9
At 0, the heat is recovered to the main pipe in the non-radiation mode in which the heat radiation source 300 of FIG. 2 does not operate. However, when a large amount of heat needs to be recovered even at a low temperature, the cold fluid of the main pipe 74 is sent and collected to the main pipe. To do it.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 200 denotes a heat source of the heat pump, and 300 denotes a heat radiation source. In addition, FIG.
1, 30-2 and 30-3 are intermediate tanks for storing summer ice chips and high-temperature water in winter.

The control panel 150 is equipped with a mode switching device. Usually, the switching device is in the heat radiation mode in April to October. That is, since there is more heat input than warm heat, the difference is adjusted by heat radiation at the heat radiation source 300. When the temperature of the intermediate low-temperature tank 29 becomes low in the heat dissipation mode, the heat is recovered from the heat absorption source 200 or the heat recovery device 70 of FIGS. 1 and 6 by operating the pump 37 or 33 to balance the heat.

However, in the winter months of January to March, this alone makes it impossible to achieve balance. Therefore, normally, in November, the mode switching device is switched to the heat absorption source mode. In this mode, the difference in heat between the hot heat and the cold heat is adjusted by the heat absorption from the heat absorption source 200 and the heat recovery device 70. At this time, as described above, in FIG. 1, the cold fluid flows through the main pipe 74 → the heat exchanger 76 → the pipe 79 → the temperature control valve 78 → the automatic valve 62 → the main pipe 34, and the heat recovery device passes through the heat exchanger 76. Heated by heat from That is, the cold water cooled by the heat exchanger 76 is supplied to the pump 58 ′ → the valve 57 → the heat recovery device 70 → the valve 81.
→ The heat exchanger 76 → circulates.

In general, the cooling load in the winter season from January to March is often about 20% of the piping facility capacity. Therefore, when the mode is switched to the heat absorption mode by the mode switching device, the cold fluid main pipe 74 is controlled so as to send cold water instead of ice water, thereby saving the power of the refrigerator.

Further, short-distance loads (400, 40 in FIG. 2)
0′400 ″...), The piping equipment cost is small, so in this case also, the system is configured to send cold water instead of ice water.

[0051]

As described above, according to the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, the following excellent effects can be obtained.

(1) By configuring the cooling device as described in claims 1 and 2, ice pieces can be efficiently manufactured. That is, the ice can be thawed while cooling the cold water, the energy of the ice can be recovered as cold water cooling,
Various countermeasures for shortening the thawing time as in the conventional apparatus are not required.

(2) By configuring the cooling device as described in claims 3 to 5, it is possible to efficiently transport a large amount of cold heat through the same pipe. That is, the cost can be reduced comprehensively by sending chilled water when the load is small or when the transport distance is short.

Each of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention has the above-mentioned effects even when used alone. However, by implementing the invention at the same time, the district cooling and heating apparatus can be rapidly spread.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a cooling / heating device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a heat supply center portion of the cooling / heating device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a heat storage tank of the cooling / heating device according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a temperature change of a heat storage tank of the cooling / heating apparatus according to the present invention in winter morning, noon, evening, and night time in the ice making hot water operation mode.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a temperature change of the heat storage tank of the cooling / heating apparatus according to the present invention in the summertime, noon, evening, and nighttime operation mode of the ice making hot water in the summer.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-3-255831 (JP, A) JP-A-53-120833 (JP, A) JP-A-3-230035 (JP, A) JP-A-60-1985 155891 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F24F 5/00 F28D 3/00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A heat storage device including two or more tanks connected by a communication passage, a heat pump device, and a heat transfer system including a cooling load and piping, a pump, a valve, and the like connecting the cooling loads. In the cooling or cooling / heating device, the heat pump device is an ice making refrigerator,
Freezing machine, piping to contact two or more units of water under heat exchangers and these, valves pumps are more configuration and more composed brine circulation path in the pump or the like, the heat storage tank via at least a cooling load and the pump has a cold water tank are connected by a cryostat cooling load and return pipe being connected, when the ice making mode of the water flow under the heat exchanger water of the cryostat of the water flow under the heat exchanger It caused to flow down to the heat transfer surface, the steel
Was cooled with ice for refrigeration brine is cooled by ice,
When the water-fall type heat exchanger is in the deicing mode, the cooling water cooling is performed.
Circulates brine cooled by a water cooler
A cooling or cooling / heating device characterized in that a heat transfer surface of an exchanger is heated to melt ice . 2. A cooling or cooling / heating device according to claim 1.
In location, the water flow under heat exchanger to heat the brine by cold water
A cooling or cooling / heating device , which is a water heat exchanger . (3)The cooling or cooling / heating device according to claim 1.
In place Cooling load When water is low, use cold water that does not mix with ice.The cooling
To loadCold water / ice water supply means
PreparationDoCharacterized by coolingOr cooling / heatingapparatus. 4. A cooling or cooling / heating device according to claim 3.
In location, the cold water supply and ice water supply means return chilled water from the cooling load
If the temperature is lower than a predetermined value, the ice is mixed with the cooling load.
Supply cold water, and mix with ice if the temperature is
Cooling or cooling and pressurizing, characterized in that for supplying the ice water Tsu
Thermal equipment. 5. The cooling or cooling / heating device according to claim 1.
In location, the heat transport system cooling load present in the long range
Water transport system to supply ice water mixed with ice to ice and short distance
Cold water transportation for supplying cold water to the cooling load existing in the remote area
Comprising a system, the heat storage device is formed integrally heat storage tank for storing the heat storage tank and the cold water storing ice water by connecting pipe
Cooling or cooling and heating device, characterized in that there.