JP3087515U - Formwork spacing bracket - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To provide a common formwork space holding bracket capable of holding each space of a base formwork and an adjustment formwork having different thickness dimensions without play. SOLUTION: An interval holding metal fitting 10 has a long plate-shaped base 1.
1 and a pair of opposing locking portions 13 erected perpendicularly to the base 11 at both ends in the longitudinal direction thereof, and opposed to each other at a predetermined distance from the locking portions and perpendicular to the base. And a pair of positioning projections 17 provided upright. The positioning convex portion 17 is obtained by folding a U-shaped punched groove formed in the base portion by pressing toward the locking portion. The positioning convex portion is bent at the middle position in the height direction in the direction of the opposing locking portion, and is further folded back in the vertical direction. The upper side from the middle position becomes a projection 17a slightly projecting in the direction of the locking portion. I have.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

[Technical field to which the invention belongs]

 The present invention relates to a form spacing metal fitting for maintaining a constant space between a pair of form forms standing upright.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 11, for example, this type of form spacing metal fitting 1 includes a long plate-shaped base 2, a pair of locking portions 3 erected at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and a base 2. And a pair of positioning projections 4 standing upright facing each other at a predetermined distance from each other. Then, as shown in FIG. 12, for example, the base formwork 20 is fitted and arranged between the engaging portion 3 of the formwork space holding fixture 1 and the positioning protrusion 4 disposed on the base G, and oppose each other. It is erected vertically. Furthermore, by bending the bent portion 3a of the locking portion 3 inward to fix the base form 20, the form spacing metal fitting 1 can hold each base form 20 at a predetermined interval. .

[0003] When casting foundation concrete, as shown in Fig. 13, vertical frame plates 22 of a plurality of adjacent foundation formwork 20 vertically erected on a base G are overlapped and overlapped. Are connected to each other by a fixing member 26 sandwiching the vertical frame plate 22. The two sets of the plurality of basic molds 20 positioned in this manner are arranged at predetermined intervals with the respective molding plates 21 facing each other. The facing base forms 20 are fitted with the upper and lower horizontal frame plates 23 with the form space holding metal fittings 1 so that the spaces between them are maintained. Thus, concrete is cast between the opposing foundation forms 20.

Here, the length of the foundation concrete to be formed often does not coincide with the length obtained by combining a plurality of foundation forms 20. In this case, as shown in FIG. In addition to the combination of the frames 20, an adjusting mold 30 for adjusting the length is used. This adjustment mold frame 30 is provided with a forming plate 31 and one horizontal frame plate 33 and a vertical frame plate 32 which are vertically set up on the peripheral edge on the back surface side. It is used by being superimposed on the horizontal frame plate 23 on the front side and the upper end side of the forming plate 21 of the mold 20.

In this case, the thickness dimension of the adjustment mold frame 30, that is, the width dimension of the horizontal frame plate 33 and the vertical frame plate 32, is equal to the thickness dimension of the base mold frame 20, for example, 43.5 mm, and is equal to the plate thickness (approximately 1.6 m). m) increase. For this reason, the distance between the locking portion 2 and the positioning convex portion 3 of the mold space holding bracket 1 is uniformly set to, for example, 45.5 mm in accordance with the thickness of the adjustment mold 30. Therefore, when the base form 20 is fitted between the locking portion 3 of the form spacing metal fitting 1 and the positioning projection 4, as shown in FIG. As a result, it becomes difficult to stably fix the base formwork 20. This hinders the work of placing concrete between the formwork. In order to prevent such a backlash of the base formwork 20, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the mounting bracket 6 is mounted on a fixing member 26 provided on the back surface of the base formwork 20. 6. The base formwork 20 is prevented from rattling by supporting each base formwork 20 and the adjustment formwork 30 on the back side by passing the reinforcing material 8 which is a square or round bar through the U-shaped receiving portion 7 of FIG. are doing.

[0006]

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

 However, every time the base form is used, such mounting brackets and reinforcements must be installed, and the installation work of the base form is very complicated, and the cost of mounting brackets and reinforcements and The cost of managing is expensive. As a result, there was a problem that the work of placing the foundation concrete was expensive.

[0007] The present invention is intended to solve the above-described problem, and is capable of maintaining the respective gaps of the base form and the adjustment form having different thickness dimensions without play. An object of the present invention is to provide a mold space holding metal fitting.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the constitution of the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a long plate-shaped base portion and both ends of the base portion are erected perpendicularly to the base portion. A pair of locking portions facing each other, and a pair of positioning convex portions erected on the base portion facing each other with a predetermined distance from the locking portions. In a formwork space holding bracket for holding a pair of formwork fitted and arranged at a predetermined distance from each other, a projection protruding toward the opposite locking portion is provided on a part of each positioning protrusion, and the positioning protrusion is provided. By inclining the portion at a predetermined angle toward the opposing positioning convex portion, the dimension between the locking portion and the projection of the positioning convex portion can be changed.

In the invention of claim 1 configured as described above, in the case where the foundation concrete is to be cast using the adjustment formwork for length adjustment having different thickness dimensions in addition to the combination of the base formwork. In addition, when the spacing between the opposing basic forms is to be maintained, for example, for a basic form having a small thickness, the positioning convex portion of the form space holding metal fitting is made perpendicular to the base in advance, and the locking portion and the positioning convex are formed. By adjusting the distance between the protrusions of the portion to the thickness of the base form, it can be used to maintain the interval between the base forms. On the other hand, by tilting the positioning projection of the form spacing metal fitting in the direction opposite to the locking section, and adjusting the gap between the locking section and the projection of the positioning projection to the thickness of the adjustment mold, It can be used to maintain the spacing between adjustment forms that are thicker than the forms. As a result, depending on whether the positioning protrusion of one type of form spacing metal fitting is perpendicular or inclined to the base, it is possible to maintain the spacing between the base form and the adjustment form with different thicknesses. be able to.

A structural feature of the invention according to claim 2 is that, in the form spacing metal fitting according to claim 1, the projection is formed by bending the positioning projection. It is in. Thus, the projection can be formed integrally with the bending process of the positioning projection.

[0011] Further, a structural feature of the invention of claim 3 is that, in the form spacing metal fitting according to claim 1, the projection is formed by bonding a protruding piece to the positioning projection. There is to be. Thus, the projection can be easily provided on the positioning projection by bonding.

[0012] Further, the constitution of the invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that a long plate-shaped base portion, a pair of opposing locking portions erected perpendicularly to the base portion at both ends of the base portion, The base has a locking portion and a pair of positioning projections erected opposite each other at a predetermined interval, and a pair of fitting projections respectively fitted between the locking portion and the positioning projection. In a form spacing metal fitting for holding a form at a predetermined distance, a projection protruding toward the facing position determining protrusion is provided on a part of each locking part, and the positioning protrusion facing the locking part is provided. By inclining at a predetermined angle in a direction away from the portion, the dimension between the projection of the locking portion and the positioning projection can be changed.

[0013] In the invention according to claim 4 configured as described above, in the case where the foundation concrete is to be cast using the adjustment formwork for length adjustment having different thickness dimensions in addition to the combination of the base formwork. In order to maintain the space between the opposing basic forms, for example, with a narrow form, for example, a basic form, the positioning projections of the form-space maintaining metal fittings are made perpendicular to the base in advance, and By adjusting the distance between the positioning projections to the thickness of the base form, it can be used to maintain the space between the base forms. On the other hand, by tilting the locking portion of the form spacing metal fitting away from the positioning protrusion, the distance between the protrusion of the locking portion and the positioning protrusion is adjusted to the thickness of the adjustment formwork, It can be used to maintain the spacing between adjustment molds that are thicker than the molds.

A structural feature of the invention of claim 5 is that, in the form spacing metal fitting according to claim 4, the projection is formed by bending the locking portion. There is to be. Thus, the protrusion can be formed integrally with the bending of the locking portion.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the form spacing metal fitting according to the fourth aspect, wherein the projecting portion is formed by bonding a projecting piece to the engaging portion. It is to be. Thus, the projection can be easily provided on the locking portion by bonding.

[0016]

[Embodiment of the invention]

 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 to 3 are a front view, a plan view, and a perspective view showing a form spacing metal fitting (hereinafter, referred to as a spacing metal fitting) according to the first embodiment. The spacing metal fitting 10 includes a long plate-shaped base 11, and a pair of opposing locking parts 13, which are vertically arranged on the same surface side with respect to the base 11 at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and are opposed to each other. It has a pair of positioning projections 17 erected perpendicularly to the base 11 opposite to each other with a predetermined distance between the stopper 13 and a symmetrical shape with the center in both the longitudinal width direction. It has become.

The locking portion 13 has a substantially T-shaped bent piece 14 at the center in the width direction, and fixed pieces 15 on both sides of the bent piece 14. The positioning projections 17 are arranged at equal intervals from the locking portion 13, and are formed by folding a U-shaped punched groove formed in the base 11 by pressing toward the locking portion 13. It is. The positioning convex portion 17 has an inverted U-shaped outer periphery and is opposed to the locking portion 13. The positioning convex portion 17 is bent in the direction of the locking portion 13 at an intermediate position in the height direction, and further bent in the vertical direction. The upper side from the intermediate position is a projection 17a slightly projecting toward the locking portion 13. Therefore, the U-shaped hole 12 is left in the base 11 after the positioning projection 17 is formed.

The spacing metal fitting 10 is formed by pressing and bending a metal plate. First, a long plate is punched out by press working of a metal plate, and the shape to be the locking portion 13 is formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the long plate by pressing, and the positioning protrusion 17 is provided at a position separated from the locking portion 13 by a predetermined distance. Is formed. Next, both ends of the long plate in the longitudinal direction are bent by bending to form the base 11, the locking portions 13 erected on the base 11, and the positioning projections 17. Further, the projection 17a is formed by subjecting the positioning convex portion 17 to a bending process, whereby the spacing metal fitting 10 is obtained. In this way, the spacing metal fitting 10 can be easily and inexpensively formed only by pressing and bending. The punching of the U-shaped groove serving as the positioning projection 17 by press working is performed on the opposite side to the arrangement shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, that is, on the center of the base 11 in the longitudinal direction. The hole 12 may be arranged on the center side with respect to the positioning projection 17.

As shown in FIG. 4A, when the positioning projection 17 is disposed perpendicularly to the base 11, the spacing metal fitting 10 is connected to the locking part 13 and the positioning projection 17. The dimension of the portion where the formwork is fitted is the dimension between the locking portion 13 and the projection 17 a of the positioning projection 17. This dimension is equal to the thickness dimension of the base formwork 20 and is used as the reference dimension S of the spacing metal fitting 10. Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, the positioning projection 17 is slightly bent and inclined to the opposite side of the opposing locking portion 13 so that the tip of the projection 17 a of the positioning projection 17 is at the base of the positioning projection 17. By setting the vertical position of the base 17 with respect to the base 11 at the same position, the dimension of the portion where the formwork is fitted is set to the dimension between the locking portion 13 and the projection 17a of the positioning convex portion 17, that is, the root portion 17b. You. This dimension is equal to the thickness dimension of the adjustment mold frame 30. This state is defined as the spacing metal fitting 10A, and the dimension is enlarged to L.

As shown in FIG. 5, the base formwork 20 is provided with a formed plate 21 which is a rectangular flat plate. And a pair of long vertical frame plates 22 and horizontal frame plates 23 facing each other. The vertical frame plate 22 is provided with mounting holes (not shown) at two positions near both ends in the longitudinal direction, through which rods 27 of a fixing member 26 described later are inserted. A rib 24 is provided on the rear side of the forming plate 21 at an intermediate position between the two vertical frame plates 22 to connect the two horizontal frame plates 23 in parallel with the vertical frame plate 22. Further, the base formwork 20 is provided with a connection auxiliary plate 25 for connecting the two horizontal frame plates 23 parallel to the vertical frame plate 22 at a position near one vertical frame plate 22. The connection auxiliary plate 25 has a through hole (not shown) at a position corresponding to the mounting hole of the vertical frame plate 22. A fixing member 26 is attached to the mounting hole of the vertical frame plate 22 and the through hole of the connection auxiliary plate 25.

The fixing member 26 has a rod-shaped rod 27 and a U-shaped locking portion 28 fixed at a right angle at an intermediate position of the rod 27. The locking portion 28 has one straight portion 28b of a pair of U-shaped parallel straight portions that has a shorter tip than the other straight portion 28a, and the straight portion 28a is fixed to the rod 27. The fixing member 26 is rotatably inserted into the mounting hole of the vertical frame plate 22 on the straight portion 28b side of the rod 27, and is rotatably inserted into the through hole of the connection auxiliary plate 25 on the straight portion 28a side. ing.

As shown in FIG. 6, the adjustment mold frame 30 includes a molding plate 31, one vertical frame plate 32 erected vertically on the back side peripheral edge, and a pair of upper and lower horizontal frame plates 33. It is used by superimposing the forming plate 31 on the front surface of the forming plate 21 of the base formwork 20 and sandwiching the upper and lower horizontal frame plates 23 of the base formwork 20 with the upper and lower horizontal frame plates 33. Therefore, the thickness of the adjustment mold 30 is greater than the thickness of the base mold 20 by the plate thickness.

Next, assembly of the base formwork 20 will be described. As shown in FIG. 7, on the base G, the spacing metal fittings 10 having the reference dimension S between the locking portion 13 and the projection 17a of the positioning projection 17 are arranged in parallel and in parallel in a line. . A plurality of basic form frames 20 are provided between the locking portions 13 and the positioning projections 17 of each of the space holding brackets 10 in two rows with the molding surface sides facing each other and the vertical frame plates 22 adjacent to each other. It is erected in. Further, the rod 27 of the fixing member 26 is inserted into the mounting hole of the vertical frame plate 22 in close contact, and the rod 27 of the fixing member 26 is rotated so that the U-shaped locking portion 28 is attached to the two vertical frame plates 22. , The two vertical frame plates 22 are fixed. The spacing metal fitting 10 is also attached to the upper end of the opposing basic formwork 20. As a result, the opposing basic form 20 is tightly held by the spacing metal fitting 10 in which the dimension between the locking part 13 and the projection 17a of the positioning convex part 17 is set to the reference dimension S. Does not occur.

At one end of the row composed of the plurality of foundation forms 20, an adjustment form 30 for adjusting the specified length of the foundation concrete is provided. The spacing metal fittings 10A are attached to the upper and lower ends of each of the adjustment mold frames 30 facing each other. As a result, the opposing adjustment mold frame 30 is tightly held by the spacing metal fitting 10A in which the dimension between the locking portion 13 and the projection 17a of the inclined positioning projection 17 is enlarged L. No rattling occurs. Thereby, two rows of the base formwork 20 and the adjustment formwork 30 are formed facing each other, and the formwork is formed without play. In this state, concrete is poured between the base formwork 20 and the adjustment formwork 30 to form the base concrete.

As described above, in the first embodiment, when the foundation concrete is to be cast using the adjustment formwork 30 for length adjustment in addition to the combination of the base formwork 20, When maintaining the space between the opposing small base forms 20, the positioning protrusion 17 of the space holding bracket 10 is made perpendicular to the base 11, and the space between the locking portion 13 and the projection 17 a of the positioning protrusion 17 is maintained. Is adjusted to the reference dimension S, the gap between the base formwork 20 can be maintained without play. On the other hand, the positioning protrusion 17 of the spacing metal fitting 10A is inclined in the opposite direction to the opposing locking portion 13 so that the distance between the locking portion 13 and the projection 17a of the positioning protrusion 17 is adjusted to the enlarged dimension L. Thereby, it can be used to maintain the interval between the adjustment molds 30 having a thickness larger than that of the base mold 20.

As described above, depending on whether the positioning projection 17 of one kind of the spacing metal fitting 10 is perpendicular or inclined with respect to the base 11, the base mold 20 and the adjustment mold 30 having different thicknesses are different. It is possible to cope with interval maintenance. As a result, as in the prior art, the mounting bracket is attached to the fixing member 26 provided on the back surface of the base formwork 20, and the base formwork 20 and the adjustment formwork 30 are supported on the back side by passing a reinforcing material through the mounting fitting. Even without this, the backlash of the base form 20 can be reliably prevented. Therefore, there is no need to attach a mounting member and a reinforcing member, which are separate members, so that the installation work of the base formwork 20 can be simplified, and the cost of the mounting member and the reinforcing member and the cost for managing these members are reduced. Can be reduced. As a result, the cost of foundation concrete placing work can be significantly reduced.

Next, a modification of the first embodiment will be described. In the first modification, the projection 17a of the positioning projection 17 of the first embodiment is changed as shown in FIG. That is, a projection 17c swelling in a semicircular shape toward the opposing locking portion 13 is provided at an intermediate position in the longitudinal direction of the positioning convex portion 17. When the positioning projection 17 is perpendicular to the base 11, the dimension between the locking portion 13 and the projection 17c is maintained at the reference dimension S. On the other hand, the positioning projection 17 is slightly inclined in the opposite direction to the locking portion 13 so that the protruding end of the projection 17c and the vertical position of the base portion 17b with respect to the base 11 are the same. The dimension between the projection 17c and the projection 17c is maintained at the enlarged dimension L. As a result, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained in the first modification. The shape of the projection 17a is not limited to a semicircle, but may be a triangle, a square, or another shape.

In the second modification of the first embodiment, instead of providing the projections 17 a and 17 c on the positioning projection 17 as in the first embodiment and the first modification, the protrusion 13 is provided on the locking portion 13. Is provided. As shown in FIG. 9, the center part in the width direction of the engaging part 13 of the spacing metal fitting 10 is fixed to the fixing pieces 15 on both sides of the bending piece 14 having a substantially T-shape in the middle in the height direction. A projection 15a is provided, which is bent in the direction of the positioning projection 17 facing the position and further folded back in the vertical direction, and slightly protrudes upward from the intermediate position in the direction of the positioning projection 17.

Thus, when the locking portion 13 is perpendicular to the base 11, the dimension between the projection 15 a of the locking portion 13 and the positioning projection 17 is kept at the reference dimension S. On the other hand, the locking portion 13 is slightly inclined in the direction opposite to the positioning convex portion 17 so that the protruding end of the projection 15a and the vertical position of the base portion 13a of the locking portion 13 with respect to the base 11 are the same. The dimension between the projection 15a of the locking portion 13 and the positioning projection 17 is maintained at the enlarged dimension L. As a result, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained in the second modification. The shape of the protrusion 15a of the fixing piece 15 is not limited to this, and can be changed, for example, like the protrusion 17c of the first modification.

Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, a flat plate perpendicular to the base 11 of the positioning projection 18 is used instead of providing the projection 17a by bending the positioning projection 17 as in the first embodiment. A protrusion 18b having a thickness equivalent to the amount of protrusion of the protrusion 17a is bonded to the locking portion 13 side of the portion 18a with an adhesive or the like.

Thus, when the positioning projection 18 is perpendicular to the base 11, the dimension between the projection 18 b of the positioning projection 18 and the locking portion 13 is maintained at the reference dimension S, and the positioning projection is formed. By slightly inclining the portion 18 in the direction opposite to the locking portion 13 so that the projecting end of the projecting piece 18b and the vertical position of the base 18c with respect to the base 11 are the same, the projecting piece 18b The dimension between the and the locking portion 13 is maintained at the enlarged dimension L. As a result, also in the second embodiment, the same effects as in the above embodiment can be obtained. The second embodiment is similarly applied to the first and second modifications. In addition, the mold spacing metal fittings, molds, and the like described in the above embodiments are merely examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[0032]

[Effect of the invention]

 According to the present invention, it is possible to maintain the spacing between the base form and the adjustment form having different thicknesses depending on whether the positioning protrusion of one type of form spacing metal fitting is perpendicular or inclined with respect to the base. Therefore, in maintaining the distance between the base form having different thicknesses and the adjustment form, it is possible to reliably prevent rattling of the base form. In addition, since it is not necessary to attach mounting brackets and support rods each time the base formwork is used to prevent rattling of the base formwork, installation work of the base formwork is greatly simplified. In addition, the cost of the mounting bracket and the support rod and the cost of managing them can be reduced, and the cost for placing the foundation concrete can be significantly reduced. The formation of the protrusion or the protrusion can be performed by bending, or by bonding the protrusion pieces. Further, instead of providing the protrusion or the protrusion on the positioning protrusion, the protrusion or the protrusion may be provided on the locking portion.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing a mold space holding bracket according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing a form spacing metal fitting.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing a form spacing metal fitting.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing two use states of a mold space holding bracket.

FIG. 5 is a rear view and a front view showing a base formwork.

FIG. 6 is a rear view showing the adjustment formwork.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are a plan view and a front view showing a state where a base formwork and an adjustment formwork using the formwork space holding bracket are assembled.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are a front view and a plan view showing a mold spacing metal fitting according to a first modification; FIGS.

9A and 9B are a front view and a plan view showing a mold spacing metal fitting according to a second modification;

FIGS. 10A and 10B are a front view and a plan view showing a form spacing metal fitting according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a front view and a plan view showing a mold spacing metal fitting according to a conventional example.

FIG. 12 is a front view showing a state where a basic formwork is attached to a formwork spacing metal fitting as a conventional example.

FIG. 13 is a plan view and a front view showing a state in which a base formwork and an adjustment formwork using a formwork spacing metal fitting as a conventional example are assembled.

FIG. 14 is a partially cutaway side view showing a state where a mounting bracket is mounted on a connecting bracket provided on the back surface of the base formwork and a reinforcing material is passed through the mounting bracket.

[Explanation of symbols]

10, 10A ... form spacing metal fittings, 11 ... base, 13 ...
Locking portion, 14: bent piece, 15: fixed piece, 15a: projection, 17: positioning projection, 17a, 17c: projection, 18
... Positioning convex part, 18b ... Protrusion piece, 20 ... Basic formwork, 2
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Molding board, 22 ... Vertical frame board, 23 ... Horizontal frame board, 26 ...
Fixing bracket, 30 ... adjustment formwork, 31 ... formed plate, 32 ... vertical frame plate, 33 ... horizontal frame plate.

Claims (6)

[Utility model registration claims] An elongate plate-shaped base, a pair of opposing locking portions vertically provided on both ends of the base at opposite ends of the base, and a predetermined distance from the locking portion. A pair of positioning projections erected on the base portion facing each other, and a pair of molds respectively fitted and arranged between the locking portion and the positioning projections are separated by a predetermined interval. In the form spacing metal fitting to be held, a projection protruding on the side of the opposing locking portion is provided on a part of each of the positioning projections, and the positioning projection is inclined at a predetermined angle to the opposing positioning projection. Thereby, the dimension between the locking part and the projection of the positioning convex part can be changed, and the form spacing metal fitting is characterized in that it can be changed. 2. The mold spacing metal fitting according to claim 1, wherein the projection is formed by bending the positioning projection. 3. The mold spacing metal fitting according to claim 1, wherein the projection is formed by bonding a projecting piece to the positioning projection. 4. An elongated plate-shaped base, a pair of mutually opposing locking portions erected perpendicularly to the base at both ends of the base, and a predetermined distance from the locking portion at the base. And a pair of positioning projections erected to face each other with a distance therebetween, and a pair of molds respectively fitted and arranged between the locking portion and the positioning projection are separated by a predetermined interval. In the form spacing metal fitting for holding by holding, at a part of each of the locking portions, a projection protruding toward the opposing positioning convex portion is provided, and the locking portion is predetermined in a direction away from the opposing positioning convex portion. The form-spacing metal fitting, wherein the angle between the protrusion of the locking part and the positioning convex part can be changed by inclining at an angle. 5. The mold spacing metal fitting according to claim 4, wherein the projection is formed by bending the locking part. 6. The form spacing metal fitting according to claim 4, wherein the protrusion is formed by bonding a protruding piece to the locking part.