JP3085273B2 - Liquid crystal optical element - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal optical element, and more particularly to a liquid crystal optical element used for a display device for displaying characters, figures and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional liquid crystal optical element having a dimming layer composed of a polymer resin and a liquid crystal material includes an element in which a liquid crystal material is dispersed in a polymer resin, that is, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal element (PD
LC element (polymer dispersion l)
liquid crystal element): JP-A-62-22
31 No. etc. disclosed), elements for controlling the light between the planar texture and the focal conic texture when a voltage is applied chiral nematic liquid crystal material when dispersed no voltage is applied a small amount of polymeric resin in, Chi I sand Polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (PSCT element (poly
mer stabilization chest
eric texture element): International Application No. 92/1
No. 9695), an element in which a liquid crystal material is microencapsulated and dispersed in a polymer resin (Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-528)
Disclosed in 43 JP etc.) are further disclosed in the liquid crystal dichromatic dye dissolved elements (JP Table Sho 62-502780 Patent Publication), and the like reports.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the PDLC element and the element in which a liquid crystal material is microencapsulated, as shown in FIGS. Rises or falls and becomes saturated, the transmitted light intensity or reflected light intensity does not change even if the applied voltage is further increased or decreased thereafter. The PSCT element changes from a planar texture to a focal conic texture and further to a homeotropic alignment with an increase in applied voltage, and has a U-shaped applied voltage-transmittance curve. Cause very large hysteresis (eg, JLWest et al., Appl. Phys. Let
t. 63 (11), 1471 (1993)).

[0004] A PDLC device using a polymer liquid crystal material as a polymer resin of the above-mentioned PDLC device and dispersing a low-molecular liquid crystal material therein (disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-503963) is known. This device improves the viewing angle at the time of transparent display, and is provided by the ordinary PDL shown in FIGS.
A voltage-transmittance curve similar to that of C is shown.

Further, a liquid crystal display device comprising a homogeneously mixed film of a high-molecular liquid crystal material and a low-molecular liquid crystal material (JP-A-2-1931)
No. 15, JP-A-5-216014, etc.)
And a device in which a light control layer in which a microencapsulated liquid crystal material is dispersed in a polymer resin is laminated via an electrode and an ultraviolet protective film (disclosed in JP-A-9-80401). As in the case of a normal PDLC element, the transmitted light intensity or the reflected light intensity increases or decreases with an increase or decrease of the applied voltage and saturates. Then, even if the applied voltage is further increased or decreased, the transmitted light intensity or the reflected light intensity is reduced. No change occurs.

[0006]

As described above, the conventional liquid crystal optical element having a dimming layer composed of a polymer resin and a liquid crystal material has an advantage that the intensity of the transmitted light or the intensity of the transmitted light or the light applied to the element increases or decreases. When the reflected light intensity rises or falls and saturates, if the applied voltage is further increased or decreased thereafter, the transmitted light intensity or the reflected light intensity will not change, or the U-shaped applied voltage-transmittance curve will be changed. If they do, they exhibit very large hysteresis.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional liquid crystal optical element in the case where a dimming layer composed of a conventional polymer resin and a liquid crystal material is used in a laminated state. Indicates a light control layer. As shown in FIG. 8, when the conventional light control layers 3 are stacked and used, the transmitted light intensity or the reflected light intensity of each light control layer 3 is saturated with an increase or decrease of the applied voltage. It is necessary to provide the electrode 2 for applying a set of voltages independently for each light control layer 3. In this case, the polymer resin and the liquid crystal material have low resistance to heat and the like, and are damaged by heat at the time of forming the electrodes, so that it is difficult to form the electrodes, and since a voltage is applied to each element, There is a problem that the voltage waveform applied to the element becomes very complicated, and a driving circuit for generating a complicated voltage waveform becomes complicated and expensive.

An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal optical element having a dimming layer made of a polymer resin and a liquid crystal material, which solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.

[0009]

According to the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal optical element comprising a light control layer sandwiched between substrates having electrodes, wherein the light control layer is formed by dispersing a liquid crystal material in a polymer resin. The refractive index npoly of the polymer resin and the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material are the same or different in two regions of the voltage applied to the element.

In the present invention, the polymer resin includes:
A polymer liquid crystal material or a liquid crystalline polymer resin can be used. Further, as the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystal polymer resin, it is desirable to use a side chain type liquid crystal polymer material or a side chain type liquid crystal polymer resin from the viewpoint of response time.

By using the dimming layer in the present invention, even if the transmitted light intensity or the reflected light intensity increases or decreases and is once saturated, the transmitted light intensity or the reflected light intensity is further increased or decreased by the applied voltage. The liquid crystal optical element in which the liquid crystal material rises or falls can be obtained. Even when the dimming layer made of the polymer resin and the liquid crystal material is laminated, the liquid crystal can be arranged by disposing only one set of electrodes to which a voltage is applied. The optical element can be driven.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal optical element according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a substrate, 2 denotes an electrode, and 4 denotes a dimming layer formed by dispersing a liquid crystal material in a polymer resin. It is composed of a polymer resin and a liquid crystal material which are the same or different in two or more regions. Reference numeral 10 in the figure denotes a liquid crystal optical element.

As the polymer resin in the embodiment of the present invention, a liquid crystal polymer material or a liquid crystal polymer resin may be used. The ratio of the polymer resin to the liquid crystal material in the light control layer 4 is adjusted to 10 to 90% by weight of the liquid crystal material, but is preferably 30 to 70% by weight.

As the liquid crystal material in the light control layer 4, a liquid crystal material having a nematic phase or a cholesteric phase, a ferroelectric liquid crystal material or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal material can be used. Ferroelectric liquid crystal materials are useful in terms of shortening the response time.

The liquid crystal polymer material or the liquid crystal polymer resin in the light control layer 4 may be a polymer liquid crystal material or a liquid crystal polymer resin having a nematic phase or a cholesteric phase, a short response time or a low driving voltage. From the viewpoint of chemical conversion, a polymer resin having a ferroelectric liquid crystal phase or a liquid crystal polymer resin can also be used. It is also possible to use a polymer liquid crystal material having an antiferroelectric liquid crystal phase or a liquid crystal polymer resin as the polymer liquid crystal material in the light control layer 4.

The light control layer 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises:
A solution containing at least a precursor compound of a polymer resin, a liquid crystal material, and a polymerization initiator is irradiated with light to cure the precursor compound of the polymer resin into the polymer resin. Light control layer 4
The light applied at the time of preparing the light-sensitive material includes ultraviolet light, laser light of various wavelengths, or polarized light thereof, but is not particularly limited as long as the light can cure the precursor compound of the polymer resin.

As the precursor compound of the polymer resin,
Monomers or oligomers which are polymerized (cured) by light irradiation, or a mixture of monomers and oligomers can be used. For example, the precursor compound of the polymer resin may have a usual photopolymerizable group such as an acryloyl group and a vinyl group. Further, a plurality of photopolymerizable groups may be present in one molecule of the precursor compound of the polymer resin.

The precursor compound of the polymer resin includes a photopolymerization initiator for initiating a polymerization reaction by light irradiation, a hydrogen donor for donating hydrogen to the photoinitiator, and a photopolymerization agent for absorbing light and exciting energy. Dye sensitizers and the like that are transferred to the initiator can be added. As the photoinitiator, a general photoinitiator such as a benzophenone-based or acetophenone-based photoinitiator can be used, but is not particularly limited thereto. It is preferable that these photoinitiators have high solubility in liquid crystal from the viewpoint of device preparation or uniformity. Examples of the dye sensitizer include coumarin-based, styryl-based, and acridine-based dye compounds, but are not limited thereto as long as they are compounds that transfer excitation energy to the photopolymerization initiator. Further, examples of the hydrogen donor include, but are not limited to, compounds such as methyldiethanolamine and 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid.

The light modulating layer 4 is a poor solvent for the polymer resin after the fine particles are dispersed in the polymer resin,
In addition, a method of filling a liquid crystal material into pores of a porous polymer resin obtained by dissolving the fine particles with a liquid which is a solvent of the constituent material of the fine particles, or a method of dispersing the liquid crystal material in the polymer resin after encapsulating the liquid crystal material. Obtainable. As a constituent material of the fine particles, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, or the like can be used.Chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, or the like can be used as a solvent. Any combination of solvents may be used.

The substrate 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is a transparent substrate, and glass, plastic or the like can be used. Electrode 2
Is formed by depositing ITO (indium-tin-oxide) or the like on the contact surface side of the substrate 1 with the light control layer 3. The electrodes 2 on the substrate 1 are formed in a simple matrix format in which the electrodes are arranged orthogonally between the opposing substrates,
For example, a form in which an active element such as a (thin film transistor) is provided can be used. Further, an alignment film can be provided above, below, or above and below the light control layer 4. As the alignment film, a film obtained by rubbing polyimide, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, or the like, an oblique evaporation film of silicon oxide, or the like can be used.

Liquid crystal optical element 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention
Is manufactured by sandwiching the light control layer 4 between the transparent substrate 1 having electrodes on the contact surface side with the light control layer 4.

Further, in the liquid crystal optical element 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, a light reflecting plate or a light absorbing plate can be provided inside and outside the element.

The relationship between the applied voltage and the light transmittance of the liquid crystal optical element shown in FIG. 1 when a polymer liquid crystal material or a liquid crystalline polymer resin is used as the polymer resin will be described with reference to FIGS. Voltage at which the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material or liquid crystalline polymer resin starts to change (threshold voltage of the polymer liquid crystal material or liquid crystalline polymer resin) Vpoly, th
And the voltage at which the change in the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material saturates (saturation voltage of the liquid crystal material) Vlc, sat is Vpoly, th ≧ Vlc, sat. The threshold voltage) Vlc, th and the voltage at which the change in the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin is saturated (the saturation voltage of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin) Vpoly, sat is Vlc, th ≧ Vpoly, sat.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show an example in the case of Vpoly, th ≧ Vlc, sat. When no voltage is applied (applied voltage V = 0), the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material matches the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin.
In the region of ≤V≤Vlc, sat, the transmitted light intensity decreases or the reflected light intensity increases, and in the region of Vpoly, th≤V≤Vpoly, sat, the transmitted light intensity increases or the reflected light intensity decreases, and Vpol,
When the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material and the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin coincide with each other in the region of y, sat ≦ V, the liquid crystal optical element having the electro-optical characteristics as shown in FIGS. Can be obtained. Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The structure of the liquid crystal optical element of the present embodiment is the same as that of the liquid crystal optical element of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but the refractive index of the liquid crystal material and the refractive index of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin are changed. The characteristics are changed from those of the first embodiment. Vpoly, th ≧ Vlc, sa
t, the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material when no voltage is applied and the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material or liquid crystalline polymer resin
Is different, the transmitted light intensity increases or the reflected light intensity decreases in the region where the applied voltage V is 0 ≦ V ≦ Vlc, sat, and Vlc, sat =
In the region of V = Vpoly, th, nlc and npoly may coincide. In the region of Vpoly, th ≦ V ≦ Vpoly, sat, the intensity of transmitted light decreases or the intensity of reflected light increases. When the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material and the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material are different in the region, a liquid crystal optical element having electro-optical characteristics as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 can be obtained.

Vlc, th ≧ Vpoly, sat
And the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material when no voltage is applied and the refractive index npol of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin.
y match, and the applied voltage V is 0 ≦ V ≦ Vpoly,
In the region of sat, the transmitted light intensity decreases or the reflected light intensity increases, and in the region of Vlc, th ≦ V ≦ Vlc, sat, the transmitted light intensity increases or the reflected light intensity decreases, and Vlc,
obtain a liquid crystal optical element having the same electro-optical properties and 2, 3 in the case where the region of sat ≦ V refractive index npoly refractive index nlc the liquid crystalline polymer or a liquid crystal polymer resin of the liquid crystal material matches be able to.

The refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material when no voltage is applied and the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin
The transmitted light intensity increases or the reflected light intensity decreases in the region where the applied voltage V is 0 ≦ V ≦ Vpoly, sat, and Vpoly, s
nlc may be equal to npoly near the region of at = V = Vlc, th. In the region of Vlc, th ≦ V ≦ Vlc, sat, the transmitted light intensity decreases or the reflected light intensity increases, and Vlc, sat ≦ In the region of V, the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material and the refractive index n of the polymer liquid crystal material
When poly is different, a liquid crystal optical element having the same electro-optical characteristics as in FIGS. 4 and 5 can be obtained. FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal optical element according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the first embodiment, three light modulating layers 4 having the same electro-optical characteristics of the same constituent material are laminated, but in the present embodiment, three light modulating layers 5, 6, 7 having different electro-optical characteristics are stacked.
Were laminated to produce a liquid crystal optical element 10. The method of forming the light control layer, the electrode material 2 and the constituent material of the substrate 1 are the same as those of the first embodiment.
This is the same as the embodiment.

[0028]

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments. (Embodiment 1) The threshold voltage Vlc, th = 2.6 V and the saturation voltage Vlc, sat = 4.0 in which the refractive indices at the saturation voltage are matched.
V nematic liquid crystal material and threshold voltage Vpoly, th =
After forming a 4 μm-thick dimming layer made of a 11.6 V polymer liquid crystal on a glass substrate having an ITO electrode,
Was sandwiched between glass substrates each having an electrode, to produce a liquid crystal optical element. The electro-optical characteristics of this device were measured with a He-Ne laser. As a result, when the maximum transmittance is 100%, the minimum transmittance is 0%, and the transmittance is 90%, the voltages V90,1 and V90,2 (V
90,1 <V90,2) and the voltage V10,1 when the transmittance is 10%,
V10,2 (V10,1 <V10,2) are 3.9V, 1
It was 2.4 V, 2.8 V, and 30.2 V (FIG. 7). (Second Embodiment) A threshold voltage Vlc, th = 2.1 V and a saturation voltage Vlc, sat = 3 with the same refractive index when no voltage is applied.
8V nematic liquid crystal material and threshold voltage Vpoly, th
After forming a 4 μm-thick dimming layer made of a polymer liquid crystal of = 11.9 V on a glass substrate having an ITO electrode,
A liquid crystal optical element was formed by sandwiching the glass substrate with O as an electrode. The electro-optical characteristics of this device were measured with a He-Ne laser. As a result, when the maximum transmittance is 100% and the minimum transmittance is 0%, the voltages V90,1, V90,2 when the transmittance is 90%.
(V90,1 <V90,2) and the voltage V1 when the transmittance is 10%
0,1, V10,2 (V10,1 <V10,2) are respectively 2.4.
V, 4.4V, 12.3V and 27.5V. (Embodiment 3) The threshold voltage Vlc, th = 2.6 V and the saturation voltage Vlc, sat = 4.0 in which the refractive indices at the saturation voltage are matched.
V nematic liquid crystal material and threshold voltage Vpoly, th =
After forming a dimming layer having a thickness of 4 μm made of 11.6 V polymer liquid crystal on a substrate having a structure of ITO electrode / reflector / glass, it is sandwiched between glass substrates using ITO as an electrode to form a liquid crystal optical element. did. The electro-optical characteristics of this element were changed to He-
It was measured with a Ne laser. As a result, the maximum reflectance is 10
0%, the minimum reflectance is 0%, and the voltage V when the reflectance is 90%
90,1, V90,2 (V90,1 <V90,2) and 10% transmittance
At this time, the voltages V10,1, V10,2 (V10,1 <V10,2) were 2.8 V, 4.3 V, 12.1, 30.7 V, respectively.

[0029]

As described above, the liquid crystal optical element of the present invention comprises a polymer resin and a liquid crystal material which match in two or more regions of the voltage applied to the element. The following effects can be obtained by using the light control layer having a configuration dispersed in the polymer resin. (1) Even if the transmitted light intensity or the reflected light intensity is increased or decreased and once saturated, the transmitted light intensity or the reflected light intensity can be increased or decreased by further increasing or decreasing the applied voltage. (2) Even when the dimming layers are stacked, the liquid crystal optical element can be driven by disposing only one set of electrodes to which a voltage is applied, and the cost of the liquid crystal optical element can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal optical element according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an electro-optical characteristic diagram of the liquid crystal optical element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an electro-optical characteristic diagram of the liquid crystal optical element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an electro-optical characteristic diagram of a liquid crystal optical element according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an electro-optical characteristic diagram of the liquid crystal optical element according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal optical element according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an electro-optical characteristic diagram of the liquid crystal optical element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional liquid crystal optical element when a dimming layer made of a polymer resin and a liquid crystal material is used by lamination.

FIG. 9 is an electro-optical characteristic diagram in a conventional technique (PDLC or the like).

FIG. 10 is an electro-optical characteristic diagram in a conventional technique (PDLC or the like).

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substrate 2 Electrode 3-7 Light control layer 10 Liquid crystal optical element

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Hitoshi Matsushima 5-7-1 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo NEC Corporation (72) Inventor Masaharu Sato 5-7-1 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo NEC Incorporated (56) References Special Table 62-502780 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02F 1/1334 G02F 1/133 505

Claims (16)

(57) [Claims] 1. A liquid crystal optical element comprising a light control layer sandwiched between substrates having electrodes, wherein the light control layer is formed by dispersing a liquid crystal material in a polymer resin, and a refractive index of the polymer resin is provided. A liquid crystal optical element, wherein npoly and a refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material coincide in two regions of a voltage applied to the element. 2. A liquid crystal optical element comprising a light control layer sandwiched between substrates having electrodes, wherein the light control layer is formed by dispersing a liquid crystal material in a polymer resin, and the refractive index of the polymer resin is A liquid crystal optical element, wherein npoly and a refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material are different in two regions of a voltage applied to the element. 3. The polymer resin in the light modulating layer is a polymer liquid crystal material or a liquid crystalline polymer resin.
The liquid crystal optical element according to the above. 4. The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal polymer material or the liquid crystal polymer resin in the light control layer is a side chain type liquid crystal polymer material or a side chain type liquid crystal polymer resin. 5. A voltage at which the anisotropy of the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin starts to change (threshold voltage of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin) Vpoly, th And the refractive index n of the liquid crystal material
The voltage (saturation voltage of the liquid crystal material) Vlc, sat at which the anisotropic change of lc is saturated is Vpoly, th ≧ Vlc, s
The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal optical element is at. 6. A voltage (the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal material) Vlc, at which the anisotropy of the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material starts to change.
th and the voltage at which the change in the refractive index npoly anisotropy of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin is saturated (saturation voltage of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin) Vp
poly, sat is Vlc, th ≧ Vpoly, sat
The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 3, wherein 7. When no voltage is applied (applied voltage V = 0), the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material and the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin match, and the applied voltage V In the range of 0 ≦ V ≦ Vlc, sat, the transmitted light intensity decreases or the reflected light intensity increases, and Vpol
In the region of y, th ≦ V ≦ Vpoly, sat, the transmitted light intensity increases or the reflected light intensity decreases, and Vpoly, sa
6. The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 5, wherein the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material and the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin coincide in a range of t ≦ V. 8. A refractive index n of the liquid crystal material when no voltage is applied.
lc and the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin are different, and the applied voltage V is 0 ≦ V ≦
In the region of Vlc, sat, the transmitted light intensity increases or the reflected light intensity decreases, and Vlc, sat = V = Vpoly, t
In the vicinity of the region h, nlc may be equal to npoly,
In the region of Vpoly, th ≦ V ≦ Vpoly, sat, the transmitted light intensity decreases or the reflected light intensity increases, and Vpol,
y, the liquid crystal optical element according to claim 5, wherein the refractive index npoly refractive index nlc and the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin in the liquid crystal material in the region of sat ≦ V are different from each other. 9. The refractive index n of the liquid crystal material when no voltage is applied
lc is equal to the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin, and the applied voltage V is 0.
In the region of ≦ V ≦ Vpoly, sat, the transmitted light intensity decreases or the reflected light intensity increases, and Vlc, th ≦ V ≦ Vl
The transmitted light intensity increases or the reflected light intensity decreases in the region of c and sat, and the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material and the refractive index of the liquid crystal polymer material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin in the region of Vlc and sat ≦ V. 7. The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 6, wherein npoly is the same. 10. The refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material when no voltage is applied is different from the refractive index npoly of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin, and the applied voltage V is 0 ≦ V.
In the region of ≦ Vpoly, sat, the transmitted light intensity increases or the reflected light intensity decreases, and Vpoly, sat = V = Vl
nlc may be equal to npoly near the region c, th, and the transmitted light intensity decreases or the reflected light intensity increases in the region Vlc, th ≦ V ≦ Vlc, sat, and Vlc, s
In the region of at ≦ V, the refractive index nlc of the liquid crystal material and the refractive index n of the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin
7. The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 6, wherein poly is different . 11. The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal material in the light control layer has a nematic phase or a cholesteric phase. 12. The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal material in the light modulating layer has a ferroelectric liquid crystal phase or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal phase. . 13. The liquid crystal according to claim 3, wherein the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin in the light modulating layer has a nematic phase or a cholesteric phase. Optical element. 14. The liquid crystal according to claim 3, wherein the polymer liquid crystal material or the liquid crystalline polymer resin in the light modulating layer has a ferroelectric liquid crystal phase. Optical element. 15. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal polymer material or the liquid crystal polymer resin in the light modulating layer has an antiferroelectric liquid crystal phase. Liquid crystal optical element. 16. An electrode for applying a voltage to the light control layer,
13. The liquid crystal optical element according to claim 1, comprising an active element such as a thin film transistor (TFT).