JP3077930B2 - 3D image display - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional image display device for displaying a three-dimensional image.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a three-dimensional image display device for displaying a three-dimensional image, there has been known a device using spectacles having two colors or deflection characteristics orthogonal to each other. This method is
By using the difference in optical characteristics of the left and right eye parts of the glasses, the observer can recognize different images from the left and right eyes of the observer, and feel the stereoscopic effect by the human physiological function called "binocular parallax". is there. On the other hand, there is also a method that does not require glasses or the like, in which stereoscopic viewing is performed by using a lenticular lens sheet to show different images to left and right eyes using a shift of an image forming position due to a horizontal interval between both eyes. Proposed.
Further, a three-dimensional display method using a holographic technique of recording interference fringes between reflected light of an object and a reference light using a laser beam and reproducing a three-dimensional wavefront by diffraction from the interference fringes has been put to practical use. . According to the holography method, it is possible to reproduce a stereoscopic image exactly the same as the original object.

[0003]

However, when performing stereoscopic viewing using glasses or the like, there is an annoyance that special glasses must be used. In a method using a lenticular lens sheet, it is not necessary to use glasses, but the viewing angle at which a stereoscopic image can be viewed is limited by the pitch of the lenticular lens. It is possible in principle to increase the viewing angle by reducing the pitch. However, in practice, it is difficult to align the lenticular lens sheet with the image display surface, and the resolution of the image display portion is limited, so that the obtained viewing angle is only about 5 degrees. Furthermore, when observing through a lenticular lens sheet, there are areas where the images in the right and left eyes are reversed depending on the position of the observer, and in this area, an unnatural reverse view in which the unevenness of the object is reversed is recognized. There is a problem of doing it. Furthermore, the holographic method has a problem that it is difficult to perform real-time recording and reproduction because a coherent light source such as a laser beam is required for recording and a dry plate that requires development must be used. Further, this method has a drawback that recording with low reflectance is difficult, and the recordable objects are limited.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and there is no restriction on the subject or the light source for illuminating the subject. It is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional image display device capable of observing images.

[0005]

To achieve the above object, a three-dimensional image display device according to the present invention comprises a plurality of one- dimensional image display devices.
A first one-dimensional display device group including a display device;
Pattern from each one-dimensional display device of the one-dimensional display device group
In the same direction as the arrangement direction of the one-dimensional display device.
And a deflecting means for deflecting in the direction .

[0006] In the above device, the deflecting means is preferably a mirror or an acousto-optical element.

In the above apparatus, the first one-dimensional table
In the same direction as the one-dimensional display device arrangement direction of the display device group
And two-dimensionally together with the first one-dimensional display device group.
A second one-dimensional device comprising a plurality of one-dimensional display devices arranged
A display device group, wherein the deflecting unit includes the second one-dimensional unit.
Display patterns from each one-dimensional display device of the display device group
It is preferable to deflect in the same direction .

In the above apparatus, a one-dimensional display device is provided.
Is preferably a combination of a plurality of light emitting diodes .

[0009]

The principle of the three-dimensional image display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, as the one-dimensional image display devices 101 to 104, for example, a device in which a plurality of LEDs are vertically combined is used.
Are arranged horizontally. The observer 106 can use the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 1 through an image deflecting device (deflecting means) 105.
04. The image deflecting device 105 has a function of deflecting a pattern displayed on the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104 in an arbitrary direction. Now, the one-dimensional display device 10
In FIG. 1, a one-dimensional pattern corresponding to each column of a two-dimensional image is sequentially displayed in a time-division manner, and the image is deflected in a horizontal direction by an image deflection device 105 in synchronization with each light-emitting pattern. At this time, the observer 106 is given a
An output image 1 is observed as a two-dimensional pattern obtained by expanding a vertical one-dimensional pattern in a horizontal direction. The direction in which the output image 1 is observed is determined by the positional relationship between the one-dimensional display device 101 and the image deflection device 105. That is,
The output image 1 is displayed in a direction in which a line connecting the one-dimensional display device 101 and the center position of the image deflection device 105 is extended.
As the two-dimensional image, an image obtained by capturing an actual three-dimensional object from a different angle direction using a video camera or an image obtained by observing an imaginary object created using a computer from a different direction can be used. Similarly, with respect to the other one-dimensional display devices 102 to 104, two-dimensional images obtained by capturing a three-dimensional display target object from different angle directions are displayed.
Display is performed in a time-division manner for each column, and the image deflector 105
And output images 2 to 4 are displayed. The one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104 correspond to the respective one-dimensional display devices 10 with respect to the image deflection device 105.
The images displayed at 1 to 104 are arranged so as to correspond to the direction in which the images were captured.

With respect to the output images 1 to 4 displayed in accordance with the direction at the time of imaging, for example, when the observer 106 is located substantially at the center with respect to the image deflecting device 105 as shown in FIG. The output image 3 is observed with the right eye and the output image 2 is observed with the left eye. These output images 2 and 3
Are simultaneously recognized by the afterimage effect, and the viewer 106 perceives a stereoscopic image by the action of binocular parallax. On the other hand, when the observer 106 moves the observation position to the left, the output image 2 is observed with the right eye and the output image 1 is observed with the left eye. When the observer 106 moves to the right, the output image 3 is observed with the left eye and the output image 4 is observed with the right eye. That is, since a plurality of pieces of information are displayed in accordance with the movement of the observation position, the effect of the motion parallax occurs, and
Feels more natural spatial perception.

As shown in FIG. 1, when a plurality of images are displayed while being deflected in different directions, a spatial display area is enlarged, and the image frame enters the central view of the observer 106. Less. As a result, the observer 106
Makes it difficult to feel the distance and position to the display surface. Also,
The effect of a spatial screen is generated, and the consciousness that the displayed image is a two-dimensional image is further weakened, and the display space can be expanded in the depth direction. Further, by increasing the number of the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104, increasing the number of images to be sequentially displayed in a time-division manner, and subdividing the image deflection direction, these effects can be further enhanced. In other words, as the number of displayed images increases, the observer 106 increases the number of images displayed so that the polygon gradually appears to approach a smooth circle as the number of sides of the polygon increases.
The image observed by is not a discrete individual planar image, but a more natural three-dimensional image having a smooth curved surface created by successively combining several images. This is the same effect as the three-dimensional wavefront reproduction at the time of holographic reproduction.

As described above, the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention simultaneously satisfies the four factors of the binocular parallax, the motion parallax, the spatial screen effect, and the three-dimensional wavefront reproduction effect as the factors of the stereoscopic vision. Therefore, a more natural three-dimensional image, such as observing a real object, can be perceived as compared with the conventional eyeglass system or lenticular lens sheet system that relies only on one of these factors of stereoscopic vision. Be recognized.
Further, since the system is configured using only the one-dimensional display device, the configuration of the device is simple and small, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS <First Embodiment> A first embodiment of a three-dimensional image display device according to the present invention will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 1, one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104 are for displaying a one-dimensional pattern corresponding to each column component of a two-dimensional image obtained from a plurality of different directions in a time-division manner. A combination of a light emitting diode, a cathode ray tube, an electroluminescence, a liquid crystal display device (twisted nematic liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal, antiferroelectric liquid crystal, dynamic scattering mode liquid crystal, etc.) can be used.
The image deflecting device 105 includes one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104
Has the function of deflecting each display pattern displayed in a plurality of directions. As the two-dimensional images displayed by the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104, images obtained by observing an actual three-dimensional object from different directions with respect to an image taken from a different angle direction by a video camera or an imaginary object made using a computer are shown. Images and the like can be used. FIG.
Then, four one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104 are arranged in the horizontal direction.
Are arranged, but any number of one-dimensional display devices may be used as long as the number is two or more.

An acousto-optic device is used as the image deflecting device 105, and a display pattern displayed by the one-dimensional image display devices 101 to 104 is deflected by a change in the refractive index of the acousto-optic device. Generally, as a method of causing a change in the refractive index of a transmission medium, an electro-optic effect that causes a change in the refractive index by inputting an electric signal, an acousto-optic effect that receives a sound wave, or an optical effect that causes a change in the refractive index by irradiating light. And so on. These schemes are
Since there is no mechanically movable part as compared with the system using a mirror shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the reliability is improved and a lightweight and compact system can be realized. FIG. 2 shows details of the acousto-optic element. The image deflecting device 105 includes:
A transducer 201 for transmitting an ultrasonic signal, an ultrasonic medium 202 for generating a refractive index distribution, and an ultrasonic absorber 203
And so on. Generally, the transducer 20
1, the ultrasonic medium 202 and the ultrasonic absorber 203 are collectively called an acousto-optic element. When an ultrasonic signal is applied to the ultrasonic medium 202 using the transducer 201, a corresponding change in the refractive index occurs inside the ultrasonic medium 202, and a function similar to that of the phase diffraction grating is achieved. As shown in FIG. 2, when a sawtooth-shaped ultrasonic signal is applied to the ultrasonic medium 202, a refractive index distribution is generated according to the applied signal. The pattern from the one-dimensional display device 101 that is the incident light is deflected in a predetermined angle direction according to the sawtooth-shaped refractive index distribution. The smaller the pitch of the sawtooth wave, that is, the higher the frequency, the larger the deflection angle θ becomes. Therefore, by increasing the frequency of the ultrasonic signal applied to the transducer 201, the larger the deflection angle θ is. be able to. Conversely, as the frequency of the ultrasonic signal decreases, the deflection angle θ decreases. By changing the frequency of the ultrasonic signal applied to the transducer 201 in this manner, the pitch of the sawtooth wave can be controlled, and the deflection direction can be arbitrarily determined. When a material having a large difference in refractive index is used for the ultrasonic medium 202, the thickness of the ultrasonic medium 202 can be reduced, and the weight can be reduced. For this reason, it is desirable to use a material having a large difference in refractive index. For example, heavy flint glass, fused quartz, TeO ₂ , LiNbO ₃ , Pb ₂ MoO ₅ ,
Etc. can be used. In addition, these materials are capable of high-speed response up to about several tens of MHz and can realize a light transmittance of 90% or more, and thus are useful as materials for acousto-optical devices. As the transducer 201, for example, LiNbO ₃ can be used, and can be driven up to several hundred MHZ. As the ultrasonic absorber 203, for example, heavy flint glass, fused quartz, TeO ₂ , P
It is preferable to use b ₂ MoO ₅ or the like.

In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the one-dimensional image display devices 101 to 104 are a combination of 200 light emitting diodes. Further, the image deflecting device 1
The acousto-optic element used as 05 has a thickness (50 μm to 200 μm) of 5 to 50 μm using heavy flint glass.
It was manufactured to a size of 10 inches. Although not shown, the acousto-optic device is provided with a LiNbO ₃ transducer and a fused silica ultrasonic absorber. The image deflecting devices 1 to 104 are arranged such that the distances from the center position of the image deflecting device 105 are equal to each other.
It was arranged in an arc within the range of 5 cm to 30 cm from 05. Further, in order to adjust the size of the output images of the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104, a focal length of 50 mm to 200 mm is provided between the image deflecting device 105 and the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104.
mm and a lens having a diameter of 100 mm to 300 mm.

On the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104, 200 patterns each corresponding to each column component of a two-dimensional image obtained by imaging a three-dimensional object from different angles are displayed every 150 μs. To the acousto-optic element constituting the image deflecting device 105, a sawtooth-shaped ultrasonic signal in the range of 0 to 20 V is applied, and this frequency is set to 5/30 seconds.
The patterns displayed on the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104 were deflected in the directions corresponding to the respective patterns by changing the values in the range of 0 MHz to 100 MHZ. As a result, the position range that can be viewed stereoscopically was 10 cm to 2 m behind the image deflector 105, and the horizontal direction was ± 50 cm at the maximum at a position of 2 m in depth. In addition, when the observer 106 moved the observation position right and left within this range, the side of the object could be observed, and the effect of the motion parallax could be confirmed.

Second Embodiment A second embodiment of the three-dimensional image display device according to the present invention will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIG. The second embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is an example including an image deflecting device 105 for deflecting a pattern by a mechanical method. The image deflecting device 105 has a movable mirror 301, and by vibrating the movable mirror 301, a one-dimensional light-emitting pattern time-divisionally displayed by the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104 is horizontally moved corresponding to each light-emitting pattern. The display is deflected in the direction. Output images 1 to 4 are displayed in the directions in which the respective images are captured, corresponding to the positional relationship between the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104 and the movable mirror 301. The observer 106 simultaneously perceives the plurality of output images 1 to 4. Movable mirror 3
As 01, an electrically or mechanically movable galvanomirror can be used.

In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3 , as in the first embodiment, the one-dimensional image display devices 101 to 104 each include a combination of 200 light emitting diodes. Further, a movable mirror 301 composed of a 10-inch diagonal galvanometer mirror was used as the image deflecting device 105.
The one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104 are arranged in an arc shape within a range of 5 cm to 30 cm from the movable mirror 301 so that the distances from the center position of the movable mirror 301 are equal. In order to adjust the size of the output images of the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104, a focal length of 50 mm to 20 mm is provided between the movable mirror 301 and the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104.
A lens having a diameter of 0 mm and a diameter of 100 mm to 300 mm was arranged.

On the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104, 200 patterns corresponding to each column component of a two-dimensional image obtained by imaging a three-dimensional object from different angles are displayed every 150 μs. The movable mirror 301 performs modulation with a sawtooth signal voltage having a frequency of 30 HZ and an amplitude in the range of 0 to 10 V, and sets the reflection position of the movable mirror 301 according to the amplitude of the signal voltage within this cycle time. Therefore, in 1/30 second, the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 101
The 200 patterns sequentially displayed in a time-sharing manner by 104 were deflected in the horizontal direction by the vibration of the movable mirror 301, and were output as a two-dimensional image having a resolution of 200 × 200. When the observer 106 observed these output images, he could perceive a natural three-dimensional image without flickering the image. In addition, as a range in which the observer 106 can view stereoscopically,
In the depth direction, the range is 10 cm to 2 m behind the front center position of the movable mirror 301, and in the horizontal direction, the depth is 2
At the position of m, it was found that the maximum range was ± 50 cm. When the observation position was changed left and right within this range, the three-dimensional side surface could be observed, and a natural three-dimensional image that had a spatial depth and spread could be observed.

<Third Embodiment> A three-dimensional image display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIG. In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, since the one-dimensional display devices 101 to 104 are arranged only in the horizontal direction, they do not have the function of stereoscopic viewing in the vertical direction. In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the one-dimensional display devices 401 to 408 are two-dimensionally arranged to provide a more natural three-dimensional image not only in the horizontal direction but also in the vertical direction. In FIG. 4, eight one-dimensional display devices are arranged in a 2 × 4 array.
Arrangements may be made arbitrarily, such as 3, 4 × 8, 10 × 10. When the one-dimensional display devices 401 to 408 are two-dimensionally arranged as described above, images are output in both horizontal and vertical directions corresponding to the positions of the respective display devices and the image deflecting device 105. That is, the image from the one-dimensional display device 401 corresponds to the output image 1, and the one-dimensional display device 402
408 correspond to output images 2 to 8, respectively. Therefore, even when the observer 106 moves to any horizontal or vertical position, it is possible to perceive a stereoscopic image in the left, right, up and down directions according to the movement, and complete stereoscopic vision independent of the observation position is possible. become.

In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4, similar to the first embodiment, the one-dimensional display devices 401 to 408 have 20
A combination of zero light emitting diodes was used. An acousto-optic device was used as the image deflecting device 105. The acousto-optic device was manufactured using heavy flint glass to a size of 5 to 10 inches in a thickness (50 μm to 200 μm) range. Although not shown, the acousto-optic element is provided with a LiNbO ₃ transducer and a fused silica ultrasonic absorber. In order to deflect and display the display pattern not only in the horizontal direction but also in the vertical direction, the one-dimensional display devices 401 to 408 are moved from the image deflecting device 105 so that the distances from the center position of the image deflecting device 105 are equal. 2 × 4 two-dimensionally arranged within a range of 5 cm to 30 cm. In addition, the one-dimensional display devices 401 to 4
08 to adjust the size of the output image.
A lens having a focal length of 50 mm to 200 mm and a diameter of 100 mm to 300 mm was arranged between the lens unit 05 and the one-dimensional display devices 401 to 408.

On the one-dimensional display devices 401 to 408, 200 patterns corresponding to each column component of a two-dimensional image obtained by imaging a three-dimensional object from different angles are displayed every 150 μs. An acousto-optic signal in the range of 0 to 20 V in the form of a sawtooth wave is applied to the acousto-optic element constituting the image deflecting device 105, and this frequency is set to 50/30 seconds.
By changing in the range of MHZ to 100 MHZ,
The patterns displayed on the one-dimensional display devices 401 to 408 were deflected in directions corresponding to the respective patterns and displayed. As a result, the possible range of stereoscopic viewing is 10 cm to 2 m from the front of the image deflecting device 105 in the depth direction, and ± 50 c at the maximum in the horizontal direction at a position of 2 m in depth.
m, ± 25 cm in the vertical direction. In addition, observer 10
When 6 was moved to an arbitrary position in the horizontal and vertical directions, stereoscopic images in different directions could be observed with a change in the observation position, and stereoscopic vision independent of the observation position could be performed.

[0023]

As described above, according to the present invention, an output image is obtained by deflecting a display pattern sequentially time-divisionally displayed by a plurality of one-dimensional display devices in a direction corresponding to each display pattern by an image deflection device. Since the display is configured to be displayed, a plurality of output images can be simultaneously recognized by the observer by the afterimage effect of the eyes, and can be perceived as a stereoscopic image by the action of binocular parallax. In addition, since a plurality of pieces of information are displayed in accordance with the movement of the observation position, the effect of the motion parallax occurs, and the observer can feel a more natural spatial perception. Furthermore, since a plurality of images are displayed by deflecting them in different directions, a spatial display area is enlarged, and it becomes difficult for an observer to perceive the distance and position to the display surface, resulting in a spatial screen effect. You can feel the depth of the display space. Furthermore, since the four factors of binocular disparity, motion disparity, spatial screen effect, and three-dimensional wavefront reproduction effect as the factors of stereoscopic vision are simultaneously satisfied,
Compared to the conventional eyeglass system or lenticular lens sheet system that relies only on one of these factors of stereoscopic vision, a more natural three-dimensional image, such as observing a real object, is perceived and recognized. be able to. Furthermore, since the system is configured using only a one-dimensional display device, the configuration of the device can be simplified and reduced in size, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Further, unlike the conventional example, it is possible to observe a natural stereoscopic image with a wide viewing angle without any restriction on the subject or the light source illuminating the subject without using glasses.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a first embodiment of a three-dimensional image display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of an acousto-optic device used in the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a second embodiment of the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a third embodiment of the three-dimensional image display device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 101 to 104: one-dimensional display device 105: image deflecting device 106: observer 201: transducer 202: ultrasonic medium 203: ultrasonic absorber 301: movable mirror 401 to 408: one-dimensional display device

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hisato Ogawa 1006 Kazuma Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-4-1855092 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int .Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02B 27/22

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A first device comprising a plurality of one-dimensional display devices.
One-dimensional display device group and each one of the first one-dimensional display device group.
The display pattern from the three-dimensional display device
Deflecting means for deflecting in the same direction as the disposition direction of the display device.
3D image display device provided . 2. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein the deflecting means is a mirror . 3. The deflecting means is an acousto-optic device.
Three-dimensional image display device according to. 4. A one-dimensional table of the first one-dimensional display device group.
The display device is arranged in the same direction as the arrangement direction of the display device.
One of a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged
A second one-dimensional display device group including a two-dimensional display device,
The deflecting means is provided for each primary of the second one-dimensional display device group.
Display patterns from the original display device in the same direction
The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional image display device deflects the light . 5. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1 , wherein the one-dimensional display device is a combination of a plurality of light emitting diodes.