JP3058322B2 - Aggregate and method for producing the aggregate - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an aggregate, particularly to an aggregate made of waste glass.

[0002]

Conventionally, as artificial aggregates, there are expanded perlite and expanded vermiculite (vermiculite) which are obtained by crushing and firing obsidian, perlite and pine stone to form spherical. However, these artificial aggregates have excessive water absorption and low strength. For this reason, the strength of the concrete is not sufficient.

To solve this problem, a technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-45187 has been proposed. That is, an appropriate amount of limestone powder and water glass is added to glass powder and clay powder such as slate, shale, silt, mudstone, etc., and volcanic ash, mixed and granulated, and the granulated material is fired to form a bone. It has been proposed to obtain a material. This artificial aggregate has the same specific gravity as the conventional artificial aggregate and can be obtained by low-temperature firing. For example, since it can be manufactured using a granulator (pelletizer) and a rotary kiln of a cement manufacturing apparatus, it can be obtained simply and at low cost by using an idle apparatus in the cement manufacturing apparatus. Furthermore, it has been reported that concrete using this artificial aggregate has high strength, is lightweight, has low heat conductivity, and has a good sound insulation effect. Further, when waste glass is used as the glass powder, effective use of waste can be achieved.

[0004] A technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-34231 has been proposed. That is, 30 to 70% of glass powder and 5 to 50% of blast furnace slag powder are mixed with 4 to 40% of clay powder such as slate, shale, silt, mudstone, and 4 to 40% of volcanic ash. It has been proposed to obtain an aggregate by granulating the mixture at a temperature of 800 to 1100 ° C.

[0005] Incidentally, since the above-mentioned artificial aggregate (light-weight aggregate or ultra-light-weight aggregate) is made of glass as a constituent material, it is expected that it is weak to alkali. Therefore, when an aggregate made of glass is used for an aggregate such as concrete, the cement itself of the concrete material exhibits alkalinity, so that the aggregate deteriorates and the durability of the concrete becomes uneasy.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to improve the durability of an aggregate made of glass.

[0007]

The above object is achieved by soda lime.
The problem is solved by an aggregate characterized in that an alkali-resistant surface material made of a mineral is provided on the surface of a glass aggregate composed of waste glass mainly composed of glass . Waste glass mainly made of soda-lime glass
And a surface material having mineral resistance provided on the surface of the core material, the surface material having alkali resistance.

The above-mentioned aggregate is mainly made of soda-lime glass.
Granulated using waste glass powder made into a body, by providing a surface material having alkali resistance made of minerals on the surface of the granulated granulated material, and by sintering, by a method for producing an aggregate Will be resolved. Further, the aggregate having the above characteristics is granulated using a mixture containing at least a waste glass powder mainly composed of soda lime glass and a clayey powder, and the surface of the granulated material is made of a mineral- resistant material. The problem is solved by a method for producing an aggregate, characterized in that a surface material having alkalinity is provided and fired.

In the production, the surface material is provided in a granulating step, a firing step, or a granulating step and a firing step. The surface material preferably has heat resistance.
The surface material preferably has a plate-like structure, a layer-like structure, a leaf-like shape, or a scale-like structure. The surface material has a size of 0.01 to 3 μm (particularly, 0.01 to 2 μm).
Preferably, That is, by adopting the above configuration, the durability was further improved.

Examples of the surface material include kaolin such as metakaolin and hydrous kaolin, montmorillonite,
You can choose from the group of pyrophyllite, talc, clay mica, chlorite, diatomaceous earth, and silica fume. In the present invention, those satisfying the following conditions are:
It is said that a surface material having alkali resistance is provided.
0.5-0.6mm glass aggregate with surface material
After sieving to a particle size of, it is immersed in a 1N NaOH solution, cured with warm water at 40 ° C for 28 days, and then filtered.
The eluted SiO ₂ and Al were filtered from the obtained filtrate using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.).
Analysis of ₂ O ₃ , Na ₂ O, K ₂ O, etc. is performed. According to the analysis results, 10,000 ppm or less (preferably, 6500 ppm or less) for SiO _{2 and} 2000 ppm or less (preferably, 1500 pp) for Al ₂ O _3.
m), 5000 ppm or less (preferably, 4100 ppm or less) for Na ₂ O, and 5 ppm for K ₂ O.
000 ppm or less (preferably 3000 ppm or less)
Is said to be provided with a surface material having alkali resistance.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The aggregate of the present invention is a soda-lime glass.
An alkali-resistant surface material made of a mineral is provided on the surface of a glass aggregate composed of waste glass mainly composed of aluminum. Alternatively, use soda-lime glass
It comprises a core material composed mainly of waste glass and an alkali-resistant surface material made of a mineral provided on the surface of the core material. The surface material has heat resistance. The surface material has a plate-like structure. The surface material has a layered structure. The surface material has a leaf-like structure. The surface material has a scale-like structure. The surface material is
Its size (average particle size) is 0.01 to 3 μm, especially 0.1 μm.
The thickness is from 01 to 2 μm. The surface material is kaolin,
It is at least one selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, pyrophyllite, talc, clayey mica, chlorite, diatomaceous earth, and silica fume.

[0012] The method of the present invention for producing an aggregate comprises the steps of:
Granulation is performed using waste glass powder mainly composed of lath, and a surface material made of mineral and having alkali resistance is provided on the surface of the granulated material, followed by firing. Especially at least saw
Granulation is performed using a mixture containing waste glass powder mainly composed of lime glass and clay-like powder, and an alkali-resistant surface material made of a mineral is provided on the surface of the granulated granule, followed by firing. . The surface material is provided in the granulating step, the firing step, or the granulating step and the firing step.

A further description will be given below. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for producing an aggregate according to the present invention. First, wastes such as glass bottles and window glasses are collected. The recovered waste glass is mainly made of soda-lime glass. Then, the cullet obtained by roughly pulverizing the collected waste glass is put into the cullet tank 2 from the cullet receiving hopper 1,
It is sent to the crusher 3 and has a Blaine value of 3000 to 3
Finely pulverize to 300 cm ² / g. Then, it is sent to the raw material tank 5 through the bag filter 4.

The raw material tank 6 has a Blaine value of 3000 to 4500 cm ² / g for enhancing affinity with glass such as slate, shale, silt, or mudstone.
(Especially, 3500 to 4000 cm ² / g) of a clayey powder, a substance which is an inorganic substance and generates a gas in a firing process,
For example, Brain value of limestone etc. 5000-6000cm
² / g of foam powder.

From the raw material tanks 5 and 6, the glass powder, clay powder and foam powder (glass powder: clay powder: foam powder = 100 parts by weight: 5 to 35 parts by weight (particularly 10 to 30 parts by weight) Parts): 0.01 to 5 parts by weight (particularly,
(0.1 to 3 parts by weight) is sent to a pre-mixer and mixed and stirred.
It is granulated into a spherical shape with a size of 0 mm. During this granulation,
Water glass, water, etc. are added as needed.

Since the granulated material contains a large amount of water, it is dried by the rotary dryer 8 at a temperature lower than the glass softening point. After being sent to the storage tank, the dried granules are sent to the dusting machine 9. The surface material is also sent to the dusting machine 9. The amount of the surface material is about 1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the granulated material.

Then, it is sent to an externally heated rotary kiln 10 and fired at a temperature of 800 to 900 ° C. Thereafter, the foamed particles are sent to the outside water-cooled rotary cooler 11 and gradually cooled so that the foamed particles foamed by firing do not crack. Thereafter, the products are stored in tanks 13 of each particle size while being classified by the vibrating sieving machine 12, and shipped via a bagging machine.

In this manner, 100 parts by weight of the core material (specific gravity: 0.4 to 1.0, size: 0.05 to 15 mm) made of glass, particularly waste glass, is applied to the surface of the core material. The aggregate according to the present invention, which is provided with the surface material having the above-described characteristics in a ratio of 1 to 10 parts by weight based on the weight of the aggregate, is obtained. In the above, the surface material was adhered to the surface of the granulated material by the dusting machine 9 during the firing step. A surface material may be attached to the surface of the granulated material in both the granulating step and the firing step.

Examples and comparative examples will be described below.

[0020]

Example 1 100 parts by weight of soda-lime glass (waste glass) powder (Brain value: 3000 cm ² / g), 10 parts by weight of clay-like powder (bentonite, Blaine value: 400
0 cm ² / g), 4 parts by weight of limestone powder (Brain value 5
(500 cm ² / g), 5 parts by weight of water glass and 5 parts by weight of water were granulated by a granulator 7 into a sphere having a diameter of 0.2 to 4 mm.

Then, the granulated material is dried at a temperature of 250 ° C. by a rotary drier 8, and then the granulated material is dried.
4 parts by weight of metakaolin (Al ₂ O ₃
.2SiO ₂ , average particle size 1 μm, mass per unit volume 0.32
kg / liter, the crystal structure was hexagonal plate (layered)), and metakaolin was adhered to the surface of the granulated material by a duster 9.

Thereafter, it is fired at a temperature of 810 ° C. by an externally heated rotary kiln 10, then gradually cooled by an external water-cooled rotary cooler 11, and classified by a vibrating sieving machine 12 to obtain a core material mainly composed of glass. An aggregate having a surface material (metakaolin) having alkali resistance and heat resistance provided on the surface thereof was obtained.

[0023]

Example 2 Example 1 was repeated except that hexagonal plate (layered) metakaolin having an average particle size of 1.4 μm and a unit volume of 0.31 kg / liter was used. An aggregate having a surface material having alkali resistance and heat resistance provided on the surface of a core material constituted as above was obtained.

[0024]

Example 3 Example 1 was repeated except that hexagonal plate-like (layered) metakaolin having an average particle size of 2.0 μm and a unit volume of 0.30 kg / liter was used. An aggregate having a surface material having alkali resistance and heat resistance provided on the surface of a core material constituted as above was obtained.

[0025]

Example 4 Example 1 was repeated except that hexagonal plate-shaped (layered) metakaolin having an average particle diameter of 1 μm and a unit volume of 0.32 kg / liter was used in an amount of 8 parts by weight. An aggregate in which a surface material having alkali resistance and heat resistance was provided on the surface of a core material constituted as a material was obtained.

[0026]

Example 5 Example 1 was repeated except that 10 parts by weight of hexagonal plate-shaped (layered) metakaolin having an average particle diameter of 1 μm and a unit volume of 0.32 kg / liter was used. An aggregate in which a surface material having alkali resistance and heat resistance was provided on the surface of a core material constituted as a material was obtained.

[0027]

Example 6 In Example 1, hydrated kaolin (Al ₂ O ₃ .2 SiO ₂ .2H ₂ O,
The same procedures as in Example 1 were carried out except that the particle size was 0.4 μm, the unit volume mass was 0.31 kg / liter, and the crystal structure was a hexagonal plate (layer), and the surface of the core material composed mainly of glass was used. To obtain an aggregate provided with a surface material having alkali resistance and heat resistance.

[0028]

In Example 7 Example 1, an average particle diameter of 3μm in unit volume mass 0.4 kg / liter foliated pyrophyllite _{(Al 2 O 3 · 4SiO 2} · instead of metakaolin
H ₂ O) except for using 4 parts by weight the same manner as in Example 1, to obtain the aggregate surface material is provided having alkali resistance and heat resistance on the surface of the glass configured core material composed primarily Was.

[0029]

Example 8 In Example 1, instead of metakaolin, plate-like sericite (K ₂ O.3Al ₂ O ₃ .6SiO) having an average particle size of 1 μm and a unit volume of 0.2 kg / liter was used.
₂ · 2H ₂ O) except for using 4 parts by weight as in Example 1 and aggregate surface material is provided having alkali resistance and heat resistance on the surface of the core material configured glass as main material I got

[0030]

Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ , particle diameter 3 μm,
Example 1 was repeated except that a mass per unit volume of 0.451 kg / liter was used, to obtain an aggregate in which Al ₂ O ₃ was provided on the surface of a core composed mainly of glass.

[0031]

Comparative Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that metakaolin was not used, to obtain an aggregate composed mainly of glass.

[0032]

[Characteristics] Aggregate obtained in each of the above examples (0.5 to 0.
Aggregate sieved to a particle size of 6 mm) with 1N NaO
H solution at 40 ° C for 1 day, 7 days, 14 days,
Cured for 21 days and 28 days, then filtered and the resulting filtrate
Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (Seiko Electronics Industries)
Eluted SiO_Two, Al_TwoO_Three, Na
_TwoO, K_TwoO, Fe_TwoO_Three, CaO, SO_ThreeMeasure the amount
Therefore, the results are shown in Tables 1 to 5.

Table 1 (Amount of elution (ppm) of curing days per day) SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ CaO SO ₃ Na ₂ OK ₂ O Example 1 1350 1000 − − 10 200 60 Example 2 1370 1030 − − 10 220 60 Example 3 1500 1270 − − 20 250 70 Example 4 1320 1050 − − 10 180 60 Example 5 1450 1180 − − 10 180 60 Example 6 1280 960 − − 10 170 50 Example 7 1390 1020--20 210 60 Example 8 1360 1070--20 240 210 Comparative Example 1 4600 3420-40 280 9090 290 Comparative Example 2 6130 2050 10 60 410 15820 430 Table -2 ppm)) SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ CaO SO ₃ Na ₂ OK ₂ O Example 1 1920 1140 − − 10 240 80 Example 2 1930 1190 − − 20 310 80 Example 3 2230 1490 − − 40 490 90 Example 4 1740 1260 − − 10 230 70 Example 5 2080 1350 − − 20 260 70 Example 6 1670 1090 − − 10 220 60 Example 7 2010 1200 − − 30 760 80 Example 8 1970 1280 − − 20 910 580 Comparative Example 1 28 360 3860--330 10 800 95 0 Comparative Example 2 37410 2370 10 60 590 17430 1080 Table 3 (Amount of elution (ppm) when the curing days are 14 days) SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ CaO SO ₃ Na ₂ OK ₂ O Example 1 2120 960 − − 20 290 90 Example 2 2190 990 − − 20 870 110 Example 3 2860 1210 − − 70 1210 120 Example 4 1910 1030 − − 20 690 90 Example 5 2570 1100 − − 30 850 80 Example 6 1860 910 − − 10 630 70 Example 7 2350 990 − − 50 1520 100 Example 8 2200 1020 − − 30 1750 1040 Comparative Example 1 52750 3030 − − 460 11150 1520 Comparative Example 2 69040 2010 20 60 760 21040 1870 Table-4 (Healing (The elution amount is 21 days (ppm)) SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ CaO SO ₃ Na ₂ OK ₂ O Example 1 2980 670 − − 20 3000 120 Example 2 3140 680 − − 30 3040 140 Example 3 3990 940 − − 120 3620 170 Example 4 2580 790 − − 30 2200 110 Example 5 3800 860 − − 50 2380 100 Example 6 2550 630 − − 20 2170 90 Example 7 3440 730 − − 80 2440 150 Example 8 3280 840 − − 60 28 90 1460 Comparative Example 1 76700 2550 20-510 12220 2050 Comparative Example 2 100 270 1800 30 70 910 26 180 3250 Table 5 (Eluted amount (ppm) when curing days are 28 days) SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ CaO SO ₃ Na ₂ OK ₂ O Example 1 4710 260 − − 40 2900 190 Example 2 4990 270 − − 60 3500 210 Example 3 6260 520 − − 190 4060 270 Example 4 4210 330 − − 40 2570 180 Example 5 5790 420 − − 70 2710 180 Example 6 4030 200 − − 30 2490 160 Example 7 5380 290 − − 130 3380 220 Example 8 5170 410 − − 110 3850 2030 Comparative Example 1 116900 2380 − − 720 20 320 2740 Comparative Example 2 154920 1490 50 60 1170 34010 4780 * the values in the table, the value now seen as less the analysis of blank solution (NaOH aqueous 1N), SiO _2, as compared with those according to the present invention Comparative example 1 Al ₂ O ₃ ,
The amount of Na ₂ O, K ₂ O and SO ₃ eluted is extremely small.
Further, compared to Comparative Example 2, SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , K ₂
The elution amount of O is remarkably small. Therefore, the aggregate of the present invention has a small amount of elution of the alkaline substance from the glass material portion, which indicates that the alkali-aggregate reaction hardly occurs and that the mortar and concrete have excellent durability. .

The aggregates of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were
After grinding with a disc mill, a fluorescent X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku
The component analysis was performed using the
Is shown in Table-6. Table-6 (% of component) SiO_Two Al_TwoO_Three Fe_TwoO_Three CaO MgO Na_TwoOK_TwoO TiO_Two P_TwoO_Five MnO Total Example 1 70.4 5.0 0.4 9.6 0.6 11.72 0.99 0.13 0.03 0.02 98.89 Comparative Example 1 68.53 7.56 0.31 9.58 0.53 11.53 0.98 0.07 0.02 0.04 99.15 From this, the example 1 is compared with the comparative example 1
SiO_Two, Al _TwoO_ThreeNotice that there are few. This
This is due to the difference in the mineral of the surface material attached to the core material surface.
it is considered as.

The surface condition of the aggregate after immersion in a 1N NaOH solution was observed with a scanning electron microscope. As a result, according to the present invention, minerals such as kaolin (surface material) adhering to the surface gradually fall off until 7 days of immersion, and a reaction layer is formed on the aggregate surface from about 14 days of age. Shows a floating state, and after 21 days of age, spherical product substances came to be recognized. This phenomenon is considered to be caused by the reaction of the eluted silica, alumina, and the like, and the formation of a substance that was not observed before immersion. The results of elemental analysis also show that the kaolin minerals observed before immersion decreased until the age of 7 days. However, from the age of about 14 days, a large amount of aluminum was observed on the surface,
On the 8th, a reaction product layer containing a high aluminum content spherical substance is observed. In addition, the falling off of minerals such as kaolin is slower than the falling off of alumina in Comparative Example 1, and the aggregate according to the present invention is excellent in durability.

[0036]

The advantages of the glass aggregate are that it is lightweight and can be manufactured using, for example, a granulator and a rotary kiln of a cement manufacturing apparatus. Therefore, if an idle apparatus in the cement manufacturing apparatus is used, it is simple and inexpensive. Features that can be obtained. Further, the concrete using the aggregate of the present invention has high strength, is lightweight, has low thermal conductivity, and has a good sound insulation effect. Furthermore, since waste glass can be used as glass powder, effective utilization of waste can be achieved.

Then, the problem of the glass aggregate, that is, the alkali resistance is improved, and an excellent aggregate having high durability can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of aggregate production.

Continuation of front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C04B 20/10 C04B 18/16

Claims (14)

(57) [Claims] 1. Waste glass mainly composed of soda-lime glass
The surface of a glass aggregate composed of
Aggregate surface material having alkali resistance, characterized in that the thus provided that. 2. Waste glass mainly composed of soda-lime glass
An aggregate comprising: a core member formed by using the above; and an alkali-resistant surface material made of a mineral provided on the surface of the core material. 3. The surface material is kaolin or montmorillonii.
, Pyrophyllite, talc, clay mica, chlorite,
At least one or more selected from the group of diatomaceous earth
The aggregate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aggregate is a material. 4. The aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the surface material has a plate-like structure. 5. The aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the surface material has a layered structure. 6. The aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the surface material has a leaf-like structure. 7. The aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the surface material has a scale-like structure. 8. The surface material has a size of 0.01 to 3 μm.
The aggregate according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the aggregate is m. 9. Waste glass mainly composed of soda-lime glass
Granulated with the powder of
A method for producing an aggregate, comprising: providing an alkali-resistant surface material made of a mineral ; and calcination. 10. Mainly at least soda-lime glass
Granulation using a mixture containing the obtained waste glass powder and clayey powder, providing a surface material having alkali resistance made of mineral on the surface of the granulated granule, and firing. A method for producing an aggregate. 11. The method for producing the aggregate according to claim 9 or claim 10 surface material and which are located in the granulation step. 12. The method of manufacturing a bone material according to claim 9 or claim 10 surface material and which are located in the firing step. 13. The method of aggregate of claim 9 or claim 10 surface material and which are located in the granulation step and the baking step. 14. The surface material is kaolin or montmorillonii.
, Pyrophyllite, talc, clay mica, chlorite,
At least one or more selected from the group of diatomaceous earth
The method for producing an aggregate according to any one of claims 9 to 13 , wherein: