JP3048249B2 - Method for producing insolubilized gelatin - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing gelatin partially or wholly insoluble in water for use in artificial leather and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Artificial leather has been produced by binding insolubilized gelatin powder with a synthetic resin. Artificial leather using gelatin is easy to absorb water, so for example, clothes,
Used for shoes. The insolubilization of gelatin by crosslinking and curing includes ultraviolet irradiation and heating as physical methods, and chemical modification with aldehyde compounds, epoxy compounds, isocyanate compounds, and the like as chemical methods. The heat treatment is performed using electric heat, hot air or a kneader.

[0003]

In the case of UV irradiation, the gelatin particles need to be pulverized due to the low UV transmission power, and the process is costly. In addition, heating with electric heat or hot air must be performed at a high temperature for a long time,
The workability is poor, the energy consumption is high, and the economy is poor. In the kneader heating, gelatin melts and gelatin adheres to the inner wall of the container and carbonizes, or
Blocking occurs, increasing the load on the kneader,
Long-term operation at high temperatures becomes impossible. On the other hand, in the case of the chemical treatment, a step of dissolving gelatin in water, reacting each of the above-mentioned compounds, and then drying and pulverizing is required, and these operations are complicated. Another disadvantage of the chemical treatment is the addition of a compound for crosslinking and curing as described above. For this reason, the use of insolubilized gelatin is limited.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing insolubilized gelatin which can be carried out at low cost by physically treating it in a short time.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a method for producing insolubilized gelatin in which gelatin particles are subjected to microwave heating treatment to insolubilize at least a part of the gelatin particles. According to the invention,
Microwave heat treatment may be performed while hot air is applied to the gelatin particles.

According to the present invention, the gelatin particles may have a water content of 20% by weight or less. In the present invention, the gelatin particles to be subjected to the microwave heat treatment are:
Preferably, the particle size is about 0.2 to 3.0 mm, and
Those having a size of about 0 to 2.0 mm are more preferably used. If the particle size of the gelatin particles falls below this range, consolidation due to melting may occur. Conversely, if the particle size exceeds this range, there may be a difference in the degree of insolubilization between the surface and the inside.
In particular, gelatin particles having a particle size of 0.1 mm or more could not be treated by the above-mentioned ultraviolet irradiation method. The type of gelatin is not particularly limited, and the present invention can be applied to any of alkali-treated gelatin and acid-treated gelatin.

The water content of the gelatin particles is 20% by weight.
The following is preferred. If the water content is more than 20% by weight, there is a possibility that melting will be remarkably strong during microwave heating treatment, or carbonization will occur. Pre-dry gelatin before microwave heat treatment, about 10%
When the water content is set to the following value, blocking can be prevented even with fine particles. However, it is preferable to avoid drying gelatin to 0% moisture since the effect of the microwave heating treatment is almost eliminated at 0% moisture.

In order to efficiently perform the insolubilization treatment of gelatin by microwave heating, the treatment time must be shortened. In the short-term treatment, it is desirable to use gelatin of 150 bloom or more. In the present invention, the microwave heating treatment on the gelatin particles is preferably performed, for example, under the following conditions. Microwaves generally have frequencies between 900 and 2
500 MHz. The oscillation output is 1.7 to 17 kW, more preferably 10.2 to 17 kW. The irradiation amount is 0.
068-13.6 kW, more preferably 0.68-5.
7 kW. The processing time is 2.4 to 48.0 minutes, more preferably 4 to 20 minutes. When the processing is performed while continuously supplying the object to be processed, the supply speed is 0.05 to 1.
00 m / min, more preferably 0.15 to 0.60 m / min. The atmosphere temperature during the treatment is 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 to 130 ° C. When performing microwave electromagnetic heating, the distance between the oscillator and the irradiation target is preferably 30 cm or more, and more preferably 50 cm or more. Generally, the degree of the microwave heating process is proportional to the power density absorbed per unit volume of the substance to be processed, and the power density is proportional to the frequency, the processing time, and the oscillation output. As will be seen in the examples described later, the higher the ambient temperature during the microwave heat treatment, the more gelatinous insolubilization proceeds.

If the frequency of the microwave is lower than the above range, it may not be insolubilized. If the frequency is higher than the above range, charring or carbonization may occur, resulting in insoluble gelatin having a strong odor. If the oscillation output falls below the above range, insolubilization may not occur. If the oscillation output exceeds the above range, charring or carbonization may occur, resulting in insoluble gelatin having a strong odor.

If the irradiation amount is below the above range, it may not be insolubilized. If the irradiation amount exceeds the above range, burning or carbonization may occur,
There is a possibility of becoming insoluble gelatin having a strong odor.
If the treatment time is shorter than the above range, it may not be insolubilized. If the treatment time is longer than the above range, scorching or carbonization may occur, resulting in insoluble gelatin having a strong odor. If the ambient temperature during the treatment is lower than the above range, there is a possibility that caking occurs, does not become insoluble, or becomes non-uniform.

In the present invention, when the gelatin particles are treated by microwave heating, it is preferable to blow hot air to the gelatin particles. Hot air is preferably at a temperature of 50 ° C. or higher. If it is lower than this, there is a possibility that caking may occur, the insolubilization may not occur, or the insolubilization may become non-uniform.
According to the present invention, by adjusting the time of the microwave heating treatment, the desired degree (for example, the insolubilization rate of 1 to
(In the range of 100%) can be obtained. However, the processing time is affected by the ambient temperature during the microwave heat treatment, the moisture of the gelatin, and the like, and therefore it is preferable to set the processing time in accordance with these conditions.
Here, the insolubilization rate is a rate at which the gelatin that has undergone the heat treatment does not elute in water. Some of the particles of the gelatin powder are not insolubilized at all and the remaining particles are partially or completely insolubilized, and some of the particles of the gelatin powder are partially or wholly insolubilized. Both are possible with the present invention.

The apparatus used for the microwave heating treatment may be either a batch type apparatus or an apparatus capable of performing continuous processing. For example, microwave heating equipment,
There are a microwave drying device and a microwave thawing device.
A moving means such as a belt conveyor which continuously moves with the gelatin powder placed thereon, an oscillator for irradiating the microwave to the gelatin powder which is continuously moving by the moving means, a microwave oscillating means, if necessary In addition, an apparatus provided with a means for applying hot air to the gelatin powder placed on the moving means at the time of microwave irradiation is also used. Of course, the devices used in the present invention are not limited to those listed here. Since the microwave heating treatment can be performed without unevenness as compared with hot air heating, electric heating, or the like, stirring such as the conventional heating treatment does not need to be performed.

Using a household microwave oven (having an oscillator height of, for example, 18 cm), gelatin particles having a water content of 20%
In the case of microwave heating at 0 W, gelatin is insolubilized by irradiation for 5 minutes, but it takes longer time, for example, 7 minutes.
The minute irradiation causes scorching on the entire surface of the gelatin particles. Therefore, according to the present invention, the apparatus used for the microwave heating process is located farther away from the object to be processed (for example, an object to be processed) than an apparatus such as a home microwave oven in which the distance between the object and the oscillator is about 20 cm. A device provided with microwave irradiation means (for example, an oscillator or the like) for irradiating microwaves to a position 30 cm or more, more preferably 50 cm or more from a processed object, is preferable. This is because with such an apparatus, burning (carbonization) due to partial irradiation of the object to be processed can be avoided. As the microwave heating treatment apparatus used in the present invention, for example, a microwave irradiation heating apparatus that performs heating by irradiating an object to be treated with microwave electromagnetic waves is preferable.

The insolubilization treatment of gelatin by microwave heating has improved reproducibility as compared with conventional heat treatment (for example, oven heat treatment). This is presumably because microwave heating heats gelatin particles without unevenness, whereas heating by oven or the like tends to cause unevenness.

[0015]

The gelatin molecules are cross-linked by microwave heating and are insolubilized. The processing time of the microwave heating can be much shorter than the conventional heating time by electric heating, hot air or the like. For this reason, energy consumption is reduced and workability is significantly improved, so that costs are reduced. In addition, the degree of insolubilization can be easily adjusted by changing the processing time by microwave heating.

[0016]

EXAMPLES Specific examples and comparative examples of the present invention will be shown below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The gelatin powder used in the following Examples and Comparative Examples was as shown in Table 1.

[0017]

[Table 1]

Example 1 A gelatin powder was spread on a belt (made of tetrafluoroethylene resin) moving at a speed of 0.5 m / min (thickness: 10 mm), and a microwave thawing / heating apparatus K-2000K (Shimada Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) Manufactured by Matsushita Electronics Applied Equipment Co., Ltd.) with a frequency of 2450 MHz and an output of 17
Heat treatment was performed by applying an electric field of kW for 4.8 minutes. At this time, the irradiation amount of the microwave is 1.36 kW (= 17 kW ÷).
The irradiation effective distance (length along the flow direction in the oven) was 2.4 m, and hot air of 80 ° C. was sent from the inlet side. The distance between the gelatin powder and the oscillator was at least 70 cm.

The microwave thawing heating device used here is:
There is an oven that performs microwave heating in the middle of the belt conveyor, hot air heating means at the entrance of the oven,
An exhaust duct is provided at the outlet. Ten oscillators are arranged on a belt conveyor in the oven so as to meander sequentially in a set of two, one each for the right and left sides in the flow direction. Each oscillator is 2450 MH by microwave oscillator
The microwave of z is applied to the gelatin powder on the belt conveyor at an output of 1.7 kW. Thereby, the gelatin powder is heated by the microwave electromagnetic field.

Examples 2 to 16 In Examples 1, the types of the gelatin powder, the moving speed of the gelatin powder, and the conditions of the microwave heating treatment are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
Insoluble gelatin was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the following. Comparative Examples 1 to 3 Gelatin powder was placed in an electric oven, and heat-treated under the temperature and time conditions shown in Table 4 to obtain insolubilized gelatin.

Comparative Examples 4 and 5 The gelatin powder was irradiated with γ-rays under the conditions shown in Table 4 to treat the gelatin powder. The gamma irradiation dose was 20 kGy (kilo gray) and 30 kGy. -Comparative Examples 6 to 11-The gelatin powder was not treated and used as a blank.

Tables 2 to 4 show the insolubilization rates of the gelatin treated in the above Examples and Comparative Examples and the untreated gelatin. The insolubilization rate was measured by crushing gelatin powder in a mortar with a pestle to make a 40 mesh-passed product, precisely weighing 1.0 g, mixing with water to a total weight of 40 g, and heating and melting at 60 ° C. for 3 hours. After that, centrifugation was performed at 5000 rpm. The precipitate was collected, dried at 105 ° C. for 1 hour, weighed, and the amount of insolubilization was calculated. The water content of the gelatin powder was measured with a ket moisture meter (105 ° C., 15 minutes). The insolubilization rate is given by

[0023]

(Equation 1)

[0024]

[0025]

[Table 2]

[0026]

[Table 3]

[0027]

[Table 4]

As shown in Tables 2 to 4, the insolubilized gelatins of the examples were obtained in a much shorter processing time than the insolubilized gelatins of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. In the γ-ray irradiation, the γ-ray had a very high transmittance, but the gelatin could not be insolubilized, and when the irradiation amount was increased, the surface of the gelatin powder was scorched.

[0029]

As described above, the method for producing insolubilized gelatin of the present invention utilizes microwave heat treatment. Therefore, according to the present invention, the processing time is very short as compared with the conventional heat treatment, and the cost is greatly reduced. To contribute. Moreover, the degree of insolubilization can be easily set arbitrarily by appropriately adjusting the time for applying the microwave.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Zenpachi Muramatsu 2-12-10 Yaizu, Yaizu City, Shizuoka Prefecture (72) Inventor Masami Tamura 1169-3, Michihara, Yaizu City, Shizuoka Prefecture (56) References JP-A Sho 53-53 54256 (JP, A) JP-A-61-41827 (JP, A) JP-A-62-36191 (JP, A) JP-A-62-43201 (JP, U) JP-A-64-34791 (JP, U) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C09H 1/00-9/04

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for producing insolubilized gelatin, comprising subjecting gelatin particles to microwave heating treatment to insolubilize at least a part of the gelatin particles. 2. A method for producing an insolubilized gelatin in which at least a part of gelatin particles is insolubilized by subjecting the gelatin particles to microwave heating while blowing hot air. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gelatin particles have a water content of 20% by weight or less.