JP3046735B2 - Labor saving track structure with sound absorbing effect - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a track-saving structure for maintenance work in which granular materials are spread in a track to provide a sound absorbing effect and to reduce vibration transmission to a structure as a noise reduction measure in a railway. It is about.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, tracks laid on concrete floor slabs or subgrade concrete include ballast tracks mainly composed of sleepers and ballasts, and cement asphalt between a precast concrete slab for supporting rails and floor concrete. A slab track filled with mortar as a cushioning material, an elastic sleeper directly connected track, and the like are employed.

[0003] The ballast track has a low construction cost, is easy to lay, has a sound absorbing effect, and is easy to correct the track disorder. However, the deformation caused by the repeated train load must be constantly repaired. Particularly, in the case of a high-speed railway, it is necessary to maintain the degree of track maintenance at a high level, and ballast replacement is required for deterioration due to repeated loading, which requires a lot of cost and labor.

[0004] For this reason, slab tracks and elastic sleeper directly connected tracks have been developed as labor-saving tracks on viaducts. In these labor-saving orbits, the noise value and the vibration value of the structure are large or expensive.

[0005]

In the conventional labor-saving track, the noise value and the vibration value of the structure are large, or the noise value and the vibration value of the structure are similar to the ballast track, but the construction cost is high. Problem, low cost,
There was no track structure that could simultaneously satisfy the three requirements of labor saving track and low noise.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has a low-cost, noise-reducing function and a sound-absorbing effect capable of maintaining a function of reducing vibration transmission of a structure. It is intended to provide a mold track structure.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention relates to a method for directly fixing a lower surface directly on a concrete slab, or on a slip-stopping and height-adjusting concrete provided on the concrete slab. Install a sleeper with elastic material attached to the part and fasten the rails, place concrete directly between the sleeper and the concrete slab, or place a fluid bonding material between the sleeper and the concrete and height adjustment concrete Filling and fixing the rail frame, on the concrete floor slab,
D _k (k = 1 to n) is the required thickness for a granular material of each particle size capable of obtaining the same noise reduction effect as the ballast trajectory, D is the overall scatter thickness, and D is the total scatter thickness. Assuming that the ratio (component ratio) of the spray thickness of the granules of a is a _k , It is characterized in that granules of each particle size are mixed and spread so that

[0008]

According to the labor-saving type track structure of the present invention, the sound absorbing effect can be enhanced by laying a thin and wide granular sound absorbing material on the concrete floor slab. In addition, construction is easier and more durable than other methods in terms of noise control.
Further, the transmission of vibration can be reduced by the elastic material on the lower surface of the sleeper. Also, fill the gap between the concrete slab and the height adjustment concrete provided on the concrete slab, or fill concrete between the sleeper and the concrete slab to fix the rail frame. As a result, track deformation is eliminated, track maintenance can be saved, and the use of concrete to prevent displacement and height adjustment concrete only under the rails reduces the amount of concrete used. Since the generated sectional force is reduced, the construction cost can be reduced.

[0009]

FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of a labor-saving type track using a horizontal sleeper, FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view, and FIG.
FIG. 2B is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. In addition, 1 is a concrete floor slab, 2 is a displacement preventing and height-adjusting concrete, 3 is an elastic material, 3a is a trimming material, 4 is a consolidated material, 5 is a horizontal sleeper, 6 is a granular sound absorbing material, 7 is a rail. The fastening device, 8 is a rail. The present embodiment is a maintenance labor-saving type track using a horizontal sleeper, and a sleep stopper and a height-adjusting concrete 2 as a sleeper cradle are constructed on a concrete floor slab 1. The gap preventing and height-adjusting concrete 2 is not applied between the rails 8, but is applied along the rails in the lower region of the rails to form a wide space between the rails 8. The portion for receiving the horizontal sleeper 5 of the concrete 2 for preventing displacement and height is formed in a box shape according to the outer shape of the sleeper, and this box portion is formed in a direction perpendicular to the track. Next, a horizontal sleeper 5 is placed on the concrete 2 for preventing displacement and height adjustment. At this time, a rectangular elastic material 3 such as urethane resin or synthetic rubber is provided on the lower surface of the sleeper.
Is attached and held at a predetermined height with respect to the concrete 2 for preventing displacement and height adjustment. Vibration is reduced by interposing the elastic member 3, and a vibration-proof function is provided. In addition, the edge cutting material 3a is attached around the sleeper so that the sleeper and the height-adjusting concrete 2 do not directly contact the sleeper. In this state, a fluid solidifying material 4 such as concrete, pouring mortar or the like is poured and fixed between the sleeper 5 and the displacement preventing and height adjusting concrete 2,
The rail 8 is fixed to the sleeper 5 by the rail fastening device 7.
By integrating the rail, sleeper, slippage prevention and height-adjusting concrete in this way, the track is not deformed, and a labor-saving type track for reducing track maintenance is constructed. Next, the granular sound absorbing material 6 is spread over the entire wide area on the concrete floor slab except for the part for preventing the displacement and the height adjustment concrete. As will be described later, a noticeable noise reduction effect is achieved by laying the granular material sound absorbing material 6 so as to satisfy predetermined requirements. FIG. 2 is a view showing another embodiment of a labor-saving type track using a vertical sleeper, and the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same contents. In the figure, 9 is a concrete for preventing displacement and height adjustment, and 10 is a vertical sleeper. In this embodiment, a shift stopper and a height-adjusting concrete 9 for receiving sleepers are formed in the direction of the track, and a vertical sleeper 10 is received at this portion, and a wide space is formed between the rails 8 to save labor. The construction of the mold trajectory is similar to that of FIG. In this embodiment, FIG.
In the same way as in the case above, the entire wide area on the concrete slab is
The granules 6 are laid so that components satisfying predetermined requirements to be described later are reduced.

FIG. 3 is a view showing another embodiment of a power-saving orbit of a side mortar supporting type. In the figure, the same numbers as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same contents. 20 is roadbed concrete,
21 is a conditioning mortar, 22 is a side mortar, 23 is a side wall concrete, and 24 is an injection bag.

In this embodiment, the roadbed concrete 2
The horizontal sleeper 5 with the elastic material 3 attached thereto is arranged on the adjustment mortar 21 injected on the top 0 to fix the sleeper. The injection of the adjustment mortar is performed in the rail direction by a predetermined length, for example, An injection bag 24 having a length of about 2.5 m (about three sleepers) is provided at both fulcrums of the sleeper, so that the lower part of the sleeper center becomes a space as shown in the figure. The sleeper of the sleeper 5 is adjustable mortar 21
, And the track is not disturbed. Further, the end of the sleeper is fixed by the side mortar 22 between the sleeper 5 and the side wall concrete 23 to prevent lateral movement.

As shown in the figure, the side wall concrete 23 has a corrugated inner surface formed by a mold.
When the mortar 22 is injected, the concrete side wall of the side mortar 22 becomes corrugated, and the sleeper part is concave on the sleeper side,
The space between sleepers is convex. Due to the corrugation of the side wall concrete surface and the unevenness of the side mortar, the side mortar does not adhere, but restrains the sleeper's movement in the rail direction.
Next, the granular sound absorbing material 6 is laid all over a wide area of the sleeper 5 below the space, the upper surface of the sleeper 5, the side mortar 22, the adjusting mortar 21, and the side wall concrete 23 to absorb noise. The spray thickness and components of the granular sound absorbing material 6 are the same as those in FIGS. In this embodiment, the roadbed concrete 20 is provided between the rails. However, a space is formed between the rails by the thickness of the adjusting mortar 21, and the granular material sound absorbing material 6 is formed in this portion.
By laying on the floor, noise can be sufficiently absorbed.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another embodiment of a two-block sleeper type power saving orbit. In the figure, the same numbers as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same contents. In addition, 30 is a pedestal concrete. In this embodiment, the horizontal sleeper 5 has a structure in which two blocks are connected by a steel rod 5a. The pedestal concrete 30 is adapted to receive the sleeper block portion in a box-shaped portion formed in a direction perpendicular to the track, and is not constructed between the rails 8, 8 but is constructed only in the lower area of the rail. Form a wide space between them. The underside of the pedestal concrete is fixed to the floor slab,
The sleeper 5 is fixed by injecting a fluid bonding material 4 such as an injection mortar with an elastic material 3 interposed therebetween, and fixing the rail to the sleeper 5 with a rail fastening device 7, a rail, a sleeper, a box-shaped pedestal. Build a labor-saving track by integrating concrete. Next, as in the case of FIGS. 1 to 3, the granular-shaped sound absorbing material 6 is laid all over the wide area excluding the box-shaped pedestal concrete portion so as to absorb noise.

In the above description, a sleep stopper and a height-adjusting concrete are provided on a concrete floor slab, a sleeper is installed, and a filling material is filled between the sleeper and the stopper and the height-adjustable concrete to form a rail frame. I fixed it,
The present invention is not limited to this, and a sleeper may be directly installed on a concrete floor slab, and concrete may be directly poured between the sleeper and the concrete floor slab to fix the rail frame.

Next, the granular sound absorbing material used in the present invention will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the measurement results of the sound absorption coefficient (value per unit area of the sample, where 1 is a case where sound is completely absorbed) of various granular sound absorbing materials. The sound absorption coefficient was obtained by the reverberation room method, and was obtained by the following equation. α = (55.3V / cS) (1 / T ₁ −1 / T ₂ ) (1) where α: reverberation in the reverberation chamber method (/ m ² ) T ₁ : reverberation in a state in which a sample is placed. Time (s) T ₂ : Reverberation time without sample (s) V: Reverberation chamber volume (= 75 m ³ ) S: Sample area (= 6 m ² (3 m × 2 m)) c: Speed of sound in air (= 331.5 + 0.61t) t: Air temperature The spray thickness shown in FIG. 5 indicates the height (unit: mm) from the bottom surface when the particulate-shaped sound absorbing material is laid, and the noise is that the train travels. The experiment was performed for 160 to 4000 Hz that occurs, and 500 Hz and 1000 Hz among them were shown. In addition, ballast (25-
50mm diameter), single-grained crushed stone 7 (2.5-5mm diameter),
Single grain crushed stone 6 (5-13 mm diameter), single grain crushed stone 5 (13-20 mm diameter), single grain crushed stone 4 (20-30 m
m diameter), washing sand (rough 1-2 mm diameter), steel slag (M
S-25), reclaimed crushed stone (0-40 mm diameter), lava (20
径 40 mm diameter). As can be seen from FIG.
The smaller the particle size of the sand or the like, the higher the sound absorption coefficient.
Sound absorption coefficient is higher than mm thickness. The recycled crushed stone in the figure is a fine crushed piece that has broken a building, a pavement, an old concrete sleeper and the like, and has an extremely high sound absorption coefficient.

Incidentally, since the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorbing material has frequency characteristics, the noise reduction effect depends on the spectrum of the target sound. In general, the noise spectrum near the rail has a gentle peak at 500 to 2000 Hz. For example, when the noise level is L at 0 to 4000 Hz, a noise spectrum L (f _n ) as shown in FIG. 6 is assumed. Then, the sound absorption coefficient (average sound absorption coefficient α _m ) for the sound having this spectrum is obtained to evaluate the noise reduction effect.

The average sound absorption coefficient α _m is defined as follows. α _m = Σα _n W _n / ΣW _n (2) where α _n : sound absorption coefficient for a sound of frequency f _n W _n : 10 ^A (A = L (f _n ) / 10) Is the diffusion sound field, the noise reduction effect of the sound absorbing material is represented by ΔL = 10 · log ｛(α _m S + X) / X｝ (3) Here, S is the scattering area of the sound absorbing material (1 when the sound absorbing material is spread over the entire track), α _m S is the sound absorbing power of the sample, and X is the sound absorbing power of the field near the rail when the sound absorbing material is not sprayed. Where α _m S + X is the sound absorption power in the field near the rail when the sample is sprayed. For example, if X is determined so that the average sound absorption coefficient of the slab surface is 0 and the difference between the sound absorption coefficient of the slab surface and the sound absorption coefficient of the ballast track is 5 dB (A), X = 0.23.
Becomes

FIG. 7 shows the noise reduction effect (unit dB (A) value) obtained by placing each sample shown in FIG. 5 directly and obtaining the noise spectrum as shown in FIG. From FIG. 7, the spray thickness at which the noise reduction effect of 5 dB (A) equivalent to that of the ballast trajectory can be almost achieved is approximately as follows: Single-grain crushed stone 4: 200 mm Single-grain crushed stone 5: 200 mm Single-grain crushed stone 6: 100 mm Single-grain crushed stone No. 7: 50 mm Washing sand (coarse): 50 mm or less Steel slag: 100 mm Lava: 100 mm Reclaimed crushed stone: 50 mm or less In addition, about dried Kashima sand,
The same test was performed at 分 か っ 4 cm, and it was found that it could be almost achieved at 2 cm or more. The results are for the samples used alone, but the same noise reduction effect can be achieved by combining these samples.

FIG. 8 shows three kinds of samples in three layers (lower layer, middle layer,
When the upper layer has a thickness of 5 cm for each layer and a total spray thickness of 15 cm) (samples 1 to 5), and when two types of samples are formed into two layers (crushed stone 5 cm, stone 6 cm 10 cm: sample 6), sample 5 This shows the noise reduction effect of the mixed type (total spray thickness of 15 cm when three types of samples in sample 5 are mixed: sample 7). As can be seen from FIG. 8, the same effect can be obtained by combining different samples to form a multilayer or a mixture.

As described with reference to FIG. 5, the noise reduction effect differs depending on the particle size, and the required thickness (minimum thickness) for each particle size at which a noise reduction effect of 5 dB (A), which is the same as that of a ballast orbit, can be obtained. ), The result shown in FIG. 9 was obtained. That is, particle size 30-50 mm: 40 cm particle size 25-30 mm: 30 cm particle size 20-25 mm: 25 cm particle size 15-20 mm: 20 cm particle size 10-15 mm: 15 cm particle size 5-10 mm: 10 cm particle size 2.5-10 mm: 5cm Particle size 1.2 ~ 2.5mm: 2.5cm Particle size 1.2mm or less: 2.0cm As mentioned above, even if different particle sizes are layered or mixed, the same effect as when the same particle size is used alone Is obtained. Now, samples S of n different particle sizes
Consider a case where _k (k = 1 to n) is layered or mixed. The required thickness at which a 5 dB (A) noise reduction effect can be obtained by using each sample S _k alone is D _k , the scatter thickness of all n types of samples is D, and the ratio of the total scatter thickness D of samples S _k to a _k is a _k
Then, a _k D / D _k means the ratio of the sample S _{k to} the required thickness D _k , and if this value is 1 or more, the noise reduction effect of 5 dB (A) or more can be obtained by the sample S _k alone. . Further, it can be seen that Σa _k D / D _k is 5dB across n types of samples as long as it is 1 or more (A) or more noise reduction effect can be obtained.

That is, Is satisfied, a noise reduction effect of 5 dB (A) or more can be obtained. If the sound absorbing material is laid so as to satisfy the expression (4), a noise reduction effect of 5 dB (A) or more can be obtained. However, in order to achieve effective noise reduction and to save the amount of sound absorbing material used, It is desirable that the maximum diameter of the sound absorbing material is 50 mm or less, and the total spray thickness is 2 cm to 40 cm.

FIG. 10 is a view for explaining the particle size distribution, spray thickness and sound absorbing effect. In the figure, the horizontal axis indicates the particle size, the vertical axis indicates the particle size distribution and the spray thickness, the step-shaped line A indicates the required thickness for each particle size, and the curve B indicates an example of the particle size distribution. In this example, the total spray thickness Is 15 cm, the component ratio of each particle size is as follows: particle size 1.2 mm or less 7% particle size 1.2 to 2.5 mm 17% particle size 2.5 to 5 mm 26% particle size 5 to 10 mm 20% particle Diameter 10-15 mm 14% Particle size 15-20 mm 9% Particle size 20-25 mm 5% Particle size 25-30 mm 2%. The ratio of the spray amount of the granules having a certain particle size or less to the total spray amount is shown as a numerical value on the vertical axis. For example, it can be seen that the ratio of the particle size of 5 mm or less is 0.5. The product of the ratio of the particle size of each particle size to the total spray thickness and the total spray thickness is a polygonal line C, and each value of the particle size of each particle size indicated by the polygonal line C and the particle size of each particle size The sum of the ratios to the required thickness is the above-mentioned expression (4). If this value is 1 or more, noise reduction of 5 dB (A) or more can be achieved. The particle size distribution curve B can be arbitrarily drawn. At this time, the components may be sprayed so as to satisfy the expression (4).

As described above, the smaller the particle size, the better the sound absorption coefficient. However, when a granular material having a small diameter or solid weight is used, if it is spread as it is, it may flow out due to rainfall,
It is scattered by wind pressure during high-speed operation of trains. Therefore, when laying things having different particle sizes, it is possible to prevent the fine particles having a large particle size from being provided in a lower layer and the large particles having a large particle size being provided in an upper layer. If you mix and spray,
Natural and fine things go to the lower layer, so it is possible to prevent outflow and scattering.

As shown in FIG. 11, in order to prevent the outflow and scattering of the granular material, the bag is packed in a bag 40 having water permeability and strength and laid as a sound absorbing material, or as shown in FIG. Packing in a box 41 having water permeability and strength instead of the bag 40 and laying them out as a sound-absorbing material makes it possible to prevent the outflow or scattering of the granular material due to rainfall or high-speed train travel.

[0025]

As described above, according to the present invention, as a countermeasure for reducing noise generated when a train runs on a labor-saving type track, each grain size is required on a concrete floor slab with respect to a required thickness. By laying the granules so that the sum of the spray thickness ratios is 1 or more, noise can be effectively absorbed. In addition, the smaller the diameter of the granular material, the more the sound absorbing effect is obtained. By using sand or crushed stone, the unit price of the material is low, the spread thickness is about 10 cm at most, and the thickness is 3 at most.
Less than 0 cm is required, so less usage is required, construction is easier than the method of putting a sound absorbing material on the surface of the track, and since the granular material is durable, extremely high economic effects can be obtained. . In addition, by installing an elastic material having a vibration-proofing function between the sleeper and the gap-stopping and height-adjusting concrete, it is possible to reduce the structural vibration generated when the train runs.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of a labor-saving orbit using a horizontal sleeper.

FIG. 2 is a view showing an embodiment of a labor-saving orbit using a vertical sleeper;

FIG. 3 is a view showing an embodiment of a power-saving type track using a side mortar support method.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a two-block sleeper type power saving orbit.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the sound absorption coefficient of various granular materials.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a noise spectrum.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a noise reduction effect.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a noise reduction effect when laying things of different particle sizes.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a required thickness for each particle size.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a particle size distribution, a spray thickness, and a sound absorbing effect.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example in which granules are placed in a water-permeable bag and laid out.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example in which granules are placed in a water-permeable box and laid out.

[Explanation of symbols]

1. Concrete floor slab, 2 ... Concrete to prevent displacement and height adjustment, 3 ... Elastic material, 3a ... Edge cutting material, 4 ... Bonding material,
5 horizontal sleeper, 6 granular sound absorbing material, 7 rail fastening device, 8 rail, 9 displacement prevention and height adjustment concrete, 10 vertical sleeper, 20 roadbed concrete, 2
1: Adjustment mortar, 22: Side mortar, 23: Side wall concrete, 24: Injection bag, 30: Pedestal concrete, 3
1 ... mortar spread, 40 ... permeable bag, 41 ... permeable box.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-6-280208 (JP, A) JP-A-7-109702 (JP, A) JP-A 8-68001 (JP, A) 57339 (JP, B2) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E01B 1/00 E01B 19/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A sleeper having an elastic material attached to a part of its lower surface is installed directly on a concrete slab or directly on a concrete slab, and on a height-adjusting concrete provided on the concrete slab. , Concrete is poured directly between the sleeper and the concrete slab, or filled with a fluid stiffener between the sleeper and the concrete and the height-adjusted concrete to fix the rail frame, and on the concrete slab,
Each particle size can achieve the same noise reduction effect as ballast orbit
Required thickness of a D _k for the particle form of the (k = 1 to n), the whole of spraying thickness D, the proportion of scatter thickness of the particle shape of each particle size to the total of the spraying thickness D (component ratio) a _k This is a labor-saving orbital structure with a sound-absorbing effect, characterized in that granules of each particle size are mixed and spread so that