JP3040879B2 - Method and apparatus for measuring sound absorption coefficient of building materials - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for measuring sound absorption coefficient of building materialsInfo
- Publication number
- JP3040879B2 JP3040879B2 JP4134854A JP13485492A JP3040879B2 JP 3040879 B2 JP3040879 B2 JP 3040879B2 JP 4134854 A JP4134854 A JP 4134854A JP 13485492 A JP13485492 A JP 13485492A JP 3040879 B2 JP3040879 B2 JP 3040879B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- reverberation
- sound
- pit
- absorption coefficient
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、残響室内に建築材料か
らなる所定形状の試料を置き、室内の音源から発した音
を複数の受音器で受け、受けた音の残響時間および空室
時の残響時間から上記試料の吸音率を測定する方法およ
び装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a reverberation chamber, in which a sample of a predetermined shape made of a building material is placed, a plurality of sound receivers receive sounds emitted from a sound source in the room, and the reverberation time of the received sound and the vacant room The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring the sound absorption coefficient of the sample from the reverberation time at the time.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】建築の音響設計では、JIS A 1409 で規
格化された上述の残響室法による吸音率が一般に用いら
れており、この吸音率は、従来、図３,図４に示すよう
な方法で測定されている。残響室３１は、図３のごとき
コンクリートからなる五角形の壁３２と屋根スラブ,床
スラブ３３,３４(図４参照)で囲まれた容積１５０m3以
上の不整形７面体をなし、室内に図示しない拡散板を適
宜配置して、どの位置でも音圧が均一となる拡散音場を
構成している。残響室３１内には、床中央に長短辺寸法
比1.3〜1.5で面積8.5〜12m2の建築材料からなる長方形
の試料３５を置き、室内の音源たるスピーカ３６にバン
ドノイズ発生器３７,パワーアンプ３８を介して1／3オ
クターブバンドノイズを発生させる一方、音源,試料,壁
面,拡散板等に近接しない室内に３つ以上設けた受音器
たるマイクロホン３９で集音を行なう。マイクロホン３
９の集音信号は、プリアンプ４０,帯域フィルタ４１を
経て高速度レベルレコーダ４２に記録され、同時に(試
料設置時の)残響時間が測定されて表示される。残響時
間の測定回数は、125Ｈz〜４kＨzを３帯域に分けて夫々
所定回数に定められており、試料を置かない空室時およ
び試料設置時の各帯域ごとの残響時間の測定結果から、
次式を用いて吸音率αが算出される。 α＝55.3Ｖ(1／Ｔ−1／Ｔ0)／(c・Ｓ) 但し、Ｖ:残響室容積[m3]、c:空気中の音速[m／s]、Ｓ:
試料面積[m2]、Ｔ:試料設置時の残響時間[s]、Ｔ0:空室
時の残響時間[s]2. Description of the Related Art In acoustic design of buildings, the above-described sound absorption coefficient standardized by JIS A 1409 by the reverberation chamber method is generally used, and this sound absorption coefficient has been conventionally used as shown in FIGS. Is measured by the method. The reverberation chamber 31 is an irregular heptahedron having a volume of 150 m 3 or more surrounded by a pentagonal wall 32 made of concrete and a roof slab and floor slabs 33 and 34 (see FIG. 4) as shown in FIG. Diffusion plates are appropriately arranged to form a diffusion sound field in which the sound pressure is uniform at any position. In the reverberation room 31, a rectangular sample 35 made of a building material having a size ratio of 1.3 to 1.5 and an area of 8.5 to 12 m 2 is placed in the center of the floor, and a band noise generator 37, a power amplifier and a speaker 36 as a sound source in the room. While generating 1/3 octave band noise via 38, sound is collected by three or more microphones 39 as sound receivers provided in a room which is not close to a sound source, a sample, a wall surface, a diffusion plate and the like. Microphone 3
The sound pickup signal 9 is recorded in the high-speed level recorder 42 through the preamplifier 40 and the bandpass filter 41, and at the same time, the reverberation time (at the time of setting the sample) is displayed. The number of measurements of the reverberation time is set to a predetermined number of times by dividing 125 Hz to 4 kHz into three bands, and from the measurement results of the reverberation time for each band when the sample is empty and when the sample is set,
The sound absorption coefficient α is calculated using the following equation. α = 55.3V (1 / T−1 / T 0 ) / (c · S) where V: reverberation chamber volume [m 3 ], c: sound velocity in air [m / s], S:
Sample area [m 2 ], T: reverberation time when sample is set [s], T 0 : reverberation time when empty [s]
【０００３】さて、残響室３１の床中央に置かれる試料
３５は、通常床面に直接置かれるが、有孔板などの試料
ではその吸音率が背後の空気層の厚さによって種々変化
するので、このような吸音率を測定する場合は、図４
(Ａ)に示すように設置される。即ち、試料３５の四周の
床面３４に、鋼材やコンクリートなどの音響を反射する
材料にて空気層４３の厚さに相当する高さの枠４４を立
設し、この枠４４の上端部で試料３５を支える。また、
試料を直接床面３４に置く場合でも、厚さが略１０cm以
上になると、四周の側面の吸音を防ぐためこの側面を音
響反射材料で囲む必要がある。そして、このような設置
状態でスピーカ３６から音響を発し、マイクロホン３９
で音響を受けて、試料設置時の残響時間の測定を行なう
のである。A sample 35 placed at the center of the floor of the reverberation chamber 31 is usually placed directly on the floor surface. However, in a sample such as a perforated plate, the sound absorption coefficient varies depending on the thickness of the air layer behind the sample. When measuring such a sound absorption coefficient, FIG.
It is installed as shown in (A). That is, a frame 44 having a height corresponding to the thickness of the air layer 43 is erected from a material that reflects sound, such as steel or concrete, on the four floors 34 of the sample 35. The sample 35 is supported. Also,
Even when the sample is placed directly on the floor surface 34, if the thickness is about 10 cm or more, it is necessary to surround the four side surfaces with an acoustic reflection material to prevent sound absorption. Then, in such an installed state, sound is emitted from the speaker 36 and the microphone 39 is emitted.
, And the reverberation time when the sample is set is measured.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、上記従来の
試料設置方法は、残響室３１の床面３４に空気層や試料
の種々の厚さに応じた高さの枠４４をその都度立設する
ものであるため、準備作業が極めて手間のかかる煩雑な
ものになるうえ、枠材料の使い捨てなどの無駄が増える
という欠点がある。又、図４(Ａ)の矢印で示すように、
スピーカ３６から発せられ、床面３４で反射された音波
が、枠４４の上端縁で回折して試料３５に入射して吸収
されるため、あるいは空気層４３が厚い場合は、残響室
容積が無視できぬほど減少して、音波の伝播状態や経路
が本来の測定条件から外れるため、精度の良い測定がで
きなくなるという欠点がある。さらに、残響室３１に設
置される被測定試料３５が、図４(Ｂ)に示すように、劇
場用いす４５などの立体を縦横に複数配置したものであ
る場合は、これらの試料にスピーカ３６からの音波がラ
ンダムな方向から入射するため、吸音率として欲しい例
えば上方からの音に対する測定値が計測できないという
欠点がある。However, in the above-mentioned conventional sample setting method, a frame 44 having a height corresponding to the air layer and various thicknesses of the sample is provided on the floor surface 34 of the reverberation chamber 31 each time. Therefore, there are drawbacks in that the preparation work becomes extremely troublesome and complicated, and that waste such as disposable frame materials increases. Also, as indicated by the arrow in FIG.
Because the sound wave emitted from the speaker 36 and reflected on the floor 34 is diffracted at the upper edge of the frame 44 and is incident on the sample 35 and absorbed, or when the air layer 43 is thick, the reverberation chamber volume is ignored. There is a disadvantage that accurate measurement cannot be performed because the propagation state and the path of the sound wave deviate from the original measurement conditions because they are reduced so much as to be impossible. Further, in the case where the measured sample 35 installed in the reverberation room 31 is one in which a plurality of three-dimensional objects such as a theater chair 45 are arranged vertically and horizontally as shown in FIG. There is a drawback that a measured value for a sound, for example, from above, which is desired as a sound absorption coefficient cannot be measured because a sound wave from the light enters from a random direction.
【０００５】そこで、本発明の目的は、測定の準備作業
が容易で設備の無駄がない簡素な構成によって、建築材
料からなる被測定試料の上端縁での音波の回折や側周面
での音波の吸収をなくして、試料背後に空気層がある場
合も含めて、特定方向の吸音率(残響室法)を正確に測定
することができる測定方法および測定装置を提供するこ
とにある。Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a simple structure that facilitates the preparation work for measurement and eliminates waste of equipment, thereby diffracting a sound wave at the upper edge of a sample to be measured made of a building material and a sound wave at a side peripheral surface. It is an object of the present invention to provide a measuring method and a measuring device capable of accurately measuring a sound absorption coefficient (a reverberation chamber method) in a specific direction even when there is an air layer behind a sample by eliminating absorption of the sample.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成する為、
本発明の建築材料の吸音率の測定方法は、残響室に所定
形状,寸法の建築材料からなる試料を置き、残響室内の
音源から発した音を、残響室内の複数箇所に設けた受音
器で受け、受けた音の残響時間から上記試料の吸音率を
求める手法において、上記残響室の試料が置かれる床に
上記所定形状,寸法の開口を有するピットを設けるとと
もに、このピットを残響室の床と同一材料の蓋板により
蓋板上面が床面と一致するように覆って残響時間を測定
する一方、上記蓋板の上方に試料を試料上面が床面と一
致するように位置させたまま、蓋板をピット底に向けて
下降させて残響時間を測定し、測定した２つの残響時間
から所定の数式により吸音率を算出することを特徴とす
る。また、本発明の建築材料の吸音率の測定装置は、上
述と同様の残響室を用いた装置において、上記残響室の
試料が置かれる床に上記所定形状,寸法の開口をなすよ
うに設けられたピットと、このピット内に設けられた第
１昇降手段と、上記所定形状,寸法をなして残響室の床
と同一材料で形成され、上方に試料を直接または間接に
位置させて上記第１昇降手段によりピット内を昇降せし
められる蓋板と、上記所定形状,寸法を有して上記ピッ
ト内の蓋板の上方に配置されて、一群の試料を載置する
試料載置板と、この試料載置板を昇降させるように上記
蓋板またはピット底に設けられた第２昇降手段を備えた
ことを特徴とする。In order to achieve the above object,
The method for measuring the sound absorption coefficient of a building material according to the present invention is a method of placing a sample made of a building material having a predetermined shape and dimensions in a reverberation chamber, and receiving sound emitted from a sound source in the reverberation chamber at a plurality of locations in the reverberation chamber. In the method for obtaining the sound absorption coefficient of the sample from the reverberation time of the received sound, a pit having an opening of the predetermined shape and dimensions is provided on the floor where the sample of the reverberation chamber is placed, and the pit is provided in the reverberation chamber. While measuring the reverberation time by covering the top surface of the lid plate with the floor plate so that it matches the floor surface, measure the reverberation time while keeping the sample above the lid plate so that the top surface of the sample matches the floor surface. With the lid facing the bottom of the pit
The reverberation time is measured by lowering the reverberation time, and the sound absorption coefficient is calculated by a predetermined formula from the two measured reverberation times. Further, the apparatus for measuring the sound absorption coefficient of a building material of the present invention is an apparatus using a reverberation chamber similar to that described above, and is provided so as to form an opening of the predetermined shape and dimensions on a floor where a sample of the reverberation chamber is placed. A pit, a first elevating means provided in the pit, and the same material as that of the floor of the reverberation chamber having the predetermined shape and dimensions, and directly or indirectly placing a sample above the first A lid plate which is raised and lowered in the pit by lifting means;
Placed above the lid plate inside the container to place a group of samples
The sample mounting plate and the sample mounting plate
A second lifting means provided on the cover plate or the bottom of the pit is provided .
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】上記測定方法において、残響室の床に設けられ
た所定形状,寸法のピットを、床と同一材料の蓋板で、
その上面が床面と一致するように覆った後、残響室内の
音源から発した音を残響室内の受音器で受けて、まず空
室時の残響時間を測定する。次に、上記蓋板の上方に試
料を試料上面が床面と一致するように位置させたまま、
蓋板をピット底に向けて下降させて、同様に試料設置時
の残響時間を測定する。ここで、試料上面と床面が一致
しているので、厚い試料をピットのない床面に置いた場
合に生じる試料側面での音波の吸収や試料上端縁での音
波の回折がなくなり、また、残響室容積が減少せず、音
波の伝播状態や経路も本来の測定条件から外れないの
で、試料の背後つまり,下方に蓋板までの深さの空気層
がある場合の正確な吸音率の測定ができる。また、試料
下方のピット内に所定距離を隔ててコンクリート板等の
音波反射体を設ければ、試料を囲む枠を床面に立設する
ことなく容易かつ無駄なく、背後に厚さが零乃至ピット
深さまでの空気層がある場合の吸音率を、同様の理由か
ら正確に測定することができる。さらに、試料が縦横に
配置された劇場用のいすなどの場合でも、いすの上面を
床面に一致するように設置すれば、いす群の側面への音
波の入射がなくなって、いす群の下方に空気層がある場
合の上方からの音波に対する正確な吸音率が測定でき
る。なお、蓋板の下降を極僅にすれば、試料の背後に空
気層が殆どない場合の吸音率を測定できる。 In the above measuring method, a pit having a predetermined shape and dimensions provided on the floor of the reverberation room is covered with a lid plate made of the same material as the floor.
After covering the upper surface so as to match the floor surface, the sound emitted from the sound source in the reverberation room is received by the sound receiver in the reverberation room, and the reverberation time in an empty room is measured first. Next, with the sample positioned above the lid plate such that the sample top surface matches the floor surface ,
The cover plate is lowered toward the bottom of the pit, and the reverberation time when the sample is set is measured in the same manner. Here, since the upper surface of the sample and the floor surface coincide with each other, the absorption of sound waves on the sample side surface and the diffraction of sound waves on the upper edge of the sample which occur when a thick sample is placed on a floor surface without pits are eliminated. Since the reverberation chamber volume does not decrease and the sound wave propagation state and path do not deviate from the original measurement conditions, accurate sound absorption coefficient measurement when there is an air layer behind the sample, that is, down to the lid plate Can be. In addition, if a sound reflector such as a concrete plate is provided at a predetermined distance in the pit below the sample, a frame surrounding the sample can be easily and efficiently disposed without standing upright on the floor surface, and the thickness behind the sample can be zero to zero. The sound absorption coefficient when there is an air layer up to the pit depth can be accurately measured for the same reason. Furthermore, even in the case of theater chairs in which the samples are arranged vertically and horizontally, if the top surface of the chair is installed so that it coincides with the floor surface, sound waves will not enter the side surfaces of the chair group, and Where there is an air layer
The exact sound absorption coefficient for sound waves from the upper case can be measured. In addition, if the lowering of the lid plate is extremely small,
The sound absorption coefficient when there is almost no gas layer can be measured.
【０００８】上記測定装置において、試料が板状の場合
は、まず、ピット開口と同じ大きさの板状の試料そのも
のからなる試料載置板を除去した状態で、第１昇降手段
により蓋板をその上面が床面に一致する位置まで上昇さ
せて、残響室内の音源から発した音を残響室内の受音器
で受けて、空室時の残響時間を測定する。次いで、上記
試料載置板を、その上面が床面に一致するように第２昇
降手段で昇降させ、この試料載置板の下面に蓋板が当接
するように第１昇降手段で調整した後、同様に試料設置
時の残響時間を測定する。ここで、試料上面と床面が一
致しているので、厚い試料をピットのない床面に置いた
場合に生じる試料側面での音波の吸収や試料上端縁での
音波の回折がなくなり、また、残響室容積が減少せず、
音波の伝播状態や経路も本来の測定条件から外れないの
で、背後に空気層がない場合の正確な吸音率の測定がで
きる。In the above measuring apparatus, when the sample is in the form of a plate, the lid is firstly lifted by the first lifting / lowering means with the sample mounting plate consisting of the plate itself having the same size as the pit opening removed. The sound is emitted from the sound source in the reverberation room by the receiver in the reverberation room with its upper surface raised to a position corresponding to the floor surface, and the reverberation time in the empty room is measured. Then, the sample mounting plate is moved up and down by the second elevating means so that the upper surface thereof coincides with the floor surface, and adjusted by the first elevating means so that the lid plate abuts on the lower surface of the sample mounting plate. Similarly, the reverberation time when the sample is set is measured. Here, since the upper surface of the sample and the floor surface coincide with each other, the absorption of sound waves on the sample side surface and the diffraction of sound waves on the upper edge of the sample which occur when a thick sample is placed on a floor surface without pits are eliminated. The reverberation room volume does not decrease,
Since the propagation state and path of the sound wave do not deviate from the original measurement conditions, accurate measurement of the sound absorption coefficient when there is no air layer behind can be performed.
【０００９】次に、試料載置板の上面と床面を一致させ
たまま、第１昇降手段により蓋板をピット底に向けて下
降させ、同様に試料設定時の残響時間を測定すれば、下
降距離に応じた厚さの背後空気層がある場合の試料の残
響時間が容易に測定でき、背後空気層がある場合の吸音
率が求まる。Next, while the upper surface of the sample mounting plate and the floor surface are aligned with each other, the lid plate is lowered toward the pit bottom by the first lifting / lowering means, and the reverberation time at the time of setting the sample is similarly measured. The reverberation time of the sample when there is a back air layer having a thickness corresponding to the descending distance can be easily measured, and the sound absorption coefficient when there is a back air layer can be obtained.
【００１０】さらに、木製床材に多数のいすを配設した
試料の場合は、木製床材を上記試料載置板とみなし、こ
の試料載置板の上面をいすの上端を連ねる平面とみなし
て上述と同様の操作を行なう。即ち、まず、いすを配置
した木製床材を除去した状態で、第１昇降手段により蓋
板をその上面が床面に一致するまで上昇させて、空室時
の残響時間を測定する。次いで、上記木製床材をいすの
上端を連ねる平面が床面に一致するように第２昇降手段
で昇降させ、この木製床材の下面に蓋板が当接するよう
に第１昇降手段で調整した後、試料設置時の残響時間を
測定する。さらに、この状態で蓋板のみを第１昇降手段
によりピット底に向けて下降させ、同様に試料設置時の
残響時間を測定すれば、下降距離に応じた厚さの背後空
気層がある場合の床材を含む一群のいすの吸音率が測定
できる。この例でも、音波の伝播状態や経路および音波
の吸収や回折については上述と同様であるので、正確な
吸音率の測定および特定方向の音波に対する正確な吸音
率の測定ができるのは勿論、床面に枠を立設することな
く容易かつ安価に背後空気層がある場合の吸音率を測定
することができる。Further, in the case of a sample in which a large number of chairs are arranged on a wooden floor, the wooden floor is regarded as the sample mounting plate, and the upper surface of the sample mounting plate is regarded as a plane connecting the upper ends of the chairs. The same operation as described above is performed. That is, first, in a state where the wooden floor material on which the chair is arranged is removed, the lid plate is raised by the first lifting / lowering means until the upper surface thereof matches the floor surface, and the reverberation time in an empty room is measured. Next, the wooden flooring material was moved up and down by the second elevating means so that the plane connecting the upper ends of the chairs coincided with the floor surface, and adjusted by the first elevating means so that the lid plate was in contact with the lower surface of the wooden flooring material. Then, the reverberation time at the time of setting the sample is measured. Further, in this state, only the lid plate is lowered toward the pit bottom by the first lifting / lowering means, and the reverberation time at the time of setting the sample is measured in the same manner. The sound absorption coefficient of a group of chairs including flooring can be measured. Also in this example, since the propagation state and path of the sound wave and the absorption and diffraction of the sound wave are the same as described above, it is possible to accurately measure the sound absorption coefficient and the sound absorption coefficient for the sound wave in a specific direction. It is possible to easily and inexpensively measure the sound absorption coefficient when there is a back air layer without erecting a frame on the surface.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】以下、本発明を図示の実施例により詳細に説
明する。図１(Ａ),(Ｂ)は、本発明の吸音率の測定装置
の一例の横断面図および縦断面図であるが、図１(Ａ)は
図１(Ｂ)の試料３５を除去した状態を示している。この
測定装置は、図３,図４で述べたと同じ五角形のコンク
リート壁３２と屋根スラブ,床スラブ３３,３４で囲まれ
た不整形７面体をなす残響室３１内に、音源たるスピー
カ３６と受音器たるマイクロホン３９を設置すると共
に、残響室中央の試料が置かれる床３４に、試料と同じ
寸法の長方形の開口１aをなしてピット１を設けてい
る。ピット１内には、中間点をピンで連結したＸ字状の
開閉脚３,４を図１(Ａ)のごとく前後に配置し、両開閉
脚の一方の下端３a,４aをピット底の台座５に枢支し、
他方の下端３b,４bを両端にローラをもつ横材７で互い
に連結して、この横材７にロッド先端を連結したシリン
ダ８の基部を上記台座５に固定して第１昇降手段を構成
している。そして、シリンダ８のロッドの出没により、
上記下端３b,４bがスライド台９,１０上を滑動して両開
閉脚の上端３c,３d,４c,４dが昇降する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments. Figure 1 (A), (B) is Ru example transverse cross-sectional view and a longitudinal sectional view der the sound absorption coefficient of the measuring apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 1 (A)
FIG. 1B shows a state where the sample 35 is removed. This measuring device is provided with a speaker 36 as a sound source in an irregular heptahedral reverberation room 31 surrounded by a pentagonal concrete wall 32 and a roof slab and floor slabs 33 and 34 as described with reference to FIGS. A microphone 39 as a sound device is installed, and a pit 1 is formed on a floor 34 in the center of the reverberation chamber where a sample is placed, with a rectangular opening 1a having the same size as the sample. In the pit 1, X-shaped opening / closing legs 3, 4 having intermediate points connected by pins are arranged in front and rear as shown in FIG. 1 (A), and one lower ends 3a, 4a of both opening / closing legs are connected to a pedestal at the bottom of the pit. Pivot to 5,
The other lower ends 3b and 4b are connected to each other by a cross member 7 having rollers at both ends, and the base of a cylinder 8 having a rod tip connected to the cross member 7 is fixed to the pedestal 5 to constitute a first elevating means. ing. And, by the rod coming and going of the cylinder 8,
The lower ends 3b, 4b slide on the slide bases 9, 10, and the upper ends 3c, 3d, 4c, 4d of the two open / close legs move up and down.
【００１２】さらに、床３４と同一材料のコンクリート
からなり、上記開口１aと同一寸法の長方形をなす蓋板
１１を上記ピット１に挿入し、この蓋板１１の一端１１
aに上記開閉脚の一方の上端３c,４cを枢着するととも
に、開閉脚の他方の上端３d,４dを横方向に連結するロ
ーラ付きの軸１２を、蓋板１１の他端裏面のガイドボッ
クス１１bに摺動自在に嵌合して、シリンダ８による開
閉脚３,４の開閉で蓋板１１をピット１内で昇降させる
ようにしている。この蓋板１１の上方には、吸音率を測
定すべき試料３５が、開口１a近傍のピット１内に開口
縁に沿って固定したＬ字断面のブラケット１３にスペー
サ１４を介して、試料上面が床面３４aに一致するよう
に載置されている。なお、残響室３１内のスピーカ３６
およびマイクロホン３９は、図示しないが図３と同様の
パワーアンプ３８,バンドノイズ発生器３７およびプリ
アンプ４０,帯域フィルタ４１,高速度レベルレコーダ４
２を備えている。Further, a rectangular lid plate 11 made of concrete of the same material as the floor 34 and having the same dimensions as the opening 1a is inserted into the pit 1, and one end 11 of the lid plate 11 is inserted.
The upper end 3c, 4c of the opening and closing leg is pivotally connected to a, and a shaft 12 with a roller for connecting the other upper end 3d, 4d of the opening and closing leg in the lateral direction is connected to a guide box on the back surface of the other end of the cover plate 11. The cover plate 11 is slidably fitted to the lid 11b so that the cover plate 11 is moved up and down in the pit 1 by opening and closing the opening and closing legs 3, 4 by the cylinder 8. Above the cover plate 11, a sample 35 whose sound absorption coefficient is to be measured is opened in the pit 1 near the opening 1a.
A space is attached to the L-shaped cross-section bracket 13 fixed along the edge.
The sample upper surface coincides with the floor surface 34a through the
It is placed on . The speaker 36 in the reverberation room 31
Although not shown, the microphone 39 includes a power amplifier 38, a band noise generator 37 and a preamplifier 40, a bandpass filter 41, and a high-speed level recorder 4 similar to those shown in FIG.
2 is provided.
【００１３】上記構成の吸音率の測定装置の作用を、本
発明の吸音率の測定方法の説明を兼ねて次に述べる。ま
ず、図１(Ｂ)に示す試料３５を開口１aから除去し、残
響室３１の床３４の中央に開口するピット１の底部に設
けられたシリンダ８のロッドを没入させ、一対の開閉脚
３,４を閉じてその上端３c,３d,４c,４dで、蓋板１１を
上昇させ、その上面１１cを床面３４aと一致させる。そ
して、残響室３１内のスピーカ３６から発した音を室内
のマイクロホン３９で受けて、まず空室時の残響時間を
測定する。 次に、シリンダ８のロッドを突出させ、開
閉脚３,４を開いて蓋板１１を所定距離だけ下降させた
後、図１(Ｂ)に示すように、試料３５を、その上面を床
面３４aに一致させて開口縁のブラケット１３にスペー
サ１４を介して載置する。そして、試料３５の背後,つ
まり下方に上記所定距離に相当する厚さの空気層４３を
作った状態で、上述と同様に試料設置時の残響時間を測
定する。The operation of the sound absorption coefficient measuring apparatus having the above-described structure will be described below, together with the explanation of the sound absorption coefficient measuring method of the present invention. Ma
1B, the sample 35 shown in FIG. 1B is removed from the opening 1a, and the rod of the cylinder 8 provided at the bottom of the pit 1 opening at the center of the floor 34 of the reverberation chamber 31 is immersed. , 4 are closed, and the lid plate 11 is raised at the upper ends 3c, 3d, 4c, 4d so that the upper surface 11c thereof is aligned with the floor surface 34a. Then, the sound emitted from the speaker 36 in the reverberation room 31 is received by the microphone 39 in the room, and first, the reverberation time in an empty room is measured. Next, the rod of the cylinder 8 is protruded and opened.
The closed legs 3 and 4 were opened and the lid plate 11 was lowered by a predetermined distance.
After that, as shown in FIG.
A space is provided on the bracket 13 at the opening edge so as to match the surface 34a.
It is placed via the support 14. And, behind sample 35,
An air layer 43 having a thickness corresponding to the predetermined distance
In the prepared state, the reverberation time at the time of setting the sample is measured in the same manner as described above .
【００１４】ここで、試料３５の上面と床面３４aが一
致しているので、特にこの試料３５が１０cm以上の厚板
である場合は、試料側面でのスピーカ３６からの音波の
入射および音波の吸収や試料上端縁での音波の回折がな
くなり、残響室容積が減少せず、音波の伝播状態や経路
も本来の測定条件から外れないので、最小は略零から最
大はピット深さに相当する空気層４３が背後にある場合
の正確な吸音率を測定することができる。これにより、
従来のように床面に枠４４(図４(Ａ)参照)を立設するこ
となく容易かつ安価に種々の厚さの背後空気層がある場
合の吸音率を正確に測定することができるのである。な
お、蓋板１１に空気層厚さに相当するスペーサを介して
試料３５を間接的に載置し、シリンダ８によりこの試料
上面を床面３４aに一致させて、同様に正確な測定を行
なうこともできる。 Here, the upper surface of the sample 35 and the floor surface 34a are aligned.
In particular, this sample 35 is a thick plate of 10 cm or more.
, The sound wave from the speaker 36 on the side of the sample
Absorption of incident and sound waves and diffraction of sound waves at the top edge of the sample
And the reverberation chamber volume does not decrease,
Minimum does not deviate from the original measurement conditions, so the minimum is
The case where the air layer 43 corresponding to the pit depth is behind
The sound absorption coefficient can be measured accurately. This allows
A frame 44 (see FIG. 4 (A)) should be erected on the floor as in the prior art.
When there is an air layer of various thicknesses easily and inexpensively
In this case, the sound absorption coefficient can be accurately measured. In addition, the sample 35 is indirectly placed on the lid plate 11 via a spacer corresponding to the thickness of the air layer, and the cylinder 8 is used to make the upper surface of the sample coincide with the floor surface 34a and perform accurate measurement similarly. Can also.
【００１５】図２は、本発明の吸音率の測定方法および
測定装置の一実施例を示す縦断面図である。この実施例
は、第１昇降手段として一対の開閉脚３,４(図１(Ａ)参
照)に代えてピット底の中央にシリンダ１５を立設し、
これにより蓋板１１をピット１内で昇降させるととも
に、ピット底の両端に第２昇降手段としてのシリンダ１
６,１６を立設し、蓋板１１の上方に配置した木製床材
からなる試料載置板１７を上記シリンダ１６,１６で昇
降させるようにしている。試料載置板１７上には、これ
と一体となって建築材料をなす劇場用の一群のいすを縦
横に載置している。FIG . 2 shows a method of measuring a sound absorption coefficient according to the present invention , and FIG .
It is a longitudinal section showing one example of a measuring device . In this embodiment , a cylinder 15 is erected at the center of the bottom of the pit instead of the pair of opening and closing legs 3 and 4 (see FIG. 1A) as the first lifting / lowering means.
As a result, the cover plate 11 is raised and lowered in the pit 1, and the cylinder 1 as a second lifting means is provided at both ends of the bottom of the pit.
The sample mounting plate 17 made of a wooden floor placed above the cover plate 11 is raised and lowered by the cylinders 16 and 16. On the sample mounting plate 17, a group of theater chairs, which are integrated with the sample mounting plate 17 and constitute a building material, are mounted vertically and horizontally.
【００１６】この実施例では、シリンダ１６,１６から
いす群を載せた試料載置板１７を除去した状態で、シリ
ンダ１５により蓋板１１をその上面が床面３４aに一致
する位置まで上昇させ、上述と同様に空室時の残響時間
を測定する。次いで、上記試料載置板１７をロッド先端
に固定し、シリンダ１６,１６により試料載置板１７を
下降させて、いす群の上端を連ねる平面と床面３４aを
一致させ、この試料載置板１７の下面に当接するまでシ
リンダ１５で蓋板１１を上昇させた後、試料設置時の残
響時間を測定する。これにより、背後に空気層がない場
合の吸音率が計算で求まる。また、いす群の上端を連ね
る平面と床面３４aを一致させたまま、シリンダ１５で
蓋板１１をピット底に向けて下降させれば、下降距離に
応じた厚さの背後空気層がある場合の試料たるいす群の
残響時間が容易に測定でき、背後空気層がある場合の吸
音率も求まる。In this embodiment , with the sample mounting plate 17 on which the group of chairs is mounted removed from the cylinders 16 and 16, the lid plate 11 is raised by the cylinder 15 to a position where the upper surface thereof coincides with the floor surface 34a. The reverberation time in a vacant room is measured as described above. Next, the sample mounting plate 17 is fixed to the tip of the rod, and the sample mounting plate 17 is lowered by the cylinders 16 and 16 so that the plane connecting the upper ends of the chair groups coincides with the floor surface 34a. After raising the cover plate 11 with the cylinder 15 until it comes into contact with the lower surface of the sample 17, the reverberation time when the sample is set is measured. Thereby, the sound absorption coefficient when there is no air layer behind can be obtained by calculation. Also, connect the tops of the chairs
When the cover plate 11 is lowered toward the bottom of the pit by the cylinder 15 with the flat surface and the floor surface 34a aligned, the reverberation of the sample group of chairs when there is a back air layer having a thickness corresponding to the descending distance is obtained. Time can be easily measured, and the sound absorption coefficient when there is an air layer behind is also determined.
【００１７】この実施例では、いす群の側面へのスピー
カからの音波の入射がなく音波の吸収もなくなるから、
建築材料たるいす群の鉛直方法の音響に対する正確な残
響時間が測定される。したがって、測定された空室時お
よび試料設置時の残響時間を、既述のJIS A 1409 によ
る計算式に代入して、背後に空気層がない場合およびあ
る場合の正確な吸音率を求めることができる。また、従
来のように床面に枠４４(図４(Ａ)参照)を立設すること
なく容易かつ安価に背後空気層がある場合の吸音率を求
めることができる。なお、上記いす群を除去して試料載
置板１７を被測定試料たる建築材料そのものにすること
もでき、この場合も上述と同様の作用,効果が奏され
る。In this embodiment , the speed to the side of the chair group is
Since there is no sound wave from the mosquito and there is no absorption of the sound wave,
Precise residuals for acoustics of vertical methods of building materials
The reverberation time is measured. Therefore, the measured availability
The reverberation time at the time of sample setting is based on JIS A 1409 described above.
When there is no air layer behind,
In this case, an accurate sound absorption coefficient can be obtained . In addition,
It is possible to easily and inexpensively determine the sound absorption coefficient in the case where there is an air layer behind, without having to stand the frame 44 (see FIG. 4A) on the floor surface. Note that the chair group may be removed to make the sample mounting plate 17 the building material itself, which is the sample to be measured. In this case, the same operation and effect as described above can be obtained.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】以上の説明で明らかなように、本発明の
建築材料の吸音率の測定方法は、残響室に所定形状,寸
法の建築材料からなる試料を置き、残響室内の音源から
発した音を、残響室内の複数箇所に設けた受音器で受
け、受けた音の残響時間から上記試料の吸音率を求める
手法において、上記残響室の試料が置かれる床に上記所
定形状,寸法の開口を有するピットを設けるとともに、
このピットを残響室の床と同一材料の蓋板により蓋板上
面が床面と一致するように覆って残響時間を測定する一
方、上記蓋板の上方に試料を試料上面が床面と一致する
ように位置させたまま、蓋板をピット底に向けて下降さ
せて残響時間を測定し、測定した２つの残響時間から所
定の数式により吸音率を算出するので、測定の準備作業
が容易で設備の無駄がない構成でもって、試料の上端縁
での音波の回折や側面での音波の吸収をなくして、試料
の背後に空気層がある場合の正確な吸音率を求めること
ができる。As is apparent from the above description, the method for measuring the sound absorption coefficient of a building material according to the present invention is as follows. A sample made of a building material having a predetermined shape and dimensions is placed in a reverberation room and emitted from a sound source in the reverberation room. In a method of receiving sound with sound receivers provided at a plurality of locations in a reverberation room and calculating the sound absorption coefficient of the sample from the reverberation time of the received sound, the sound of the predetermined shape and size is placed on the floor where the sample of the reverberation room is placed. In addition to providing pits with openings,
The pit is covered with a lid plate made of the same material as the floor of the reverberation chamber so that the upper surface of the lid plate coincides with the floor surface, and the reverberation time is measured, while the sample is placed above the lid plate and the upper surface of the sample coincides with the floor surface. With the lid facing down to the bottom of the pit.
The reverberation time is measured, and the sound absorption coefficient is calculated from the two measured reverberation times by a predetermined formula. Therefore, the preparation work for the measurement is easy and the equipment is not wasted. eliminating the absorption of sound waves in the diffraction or side, the sample
It is possible to obtain an accurate sound absorption coefficient when an air layer is present behind the object.
【００１９】また、本発明の建築材料の吸音率の測定装
置は、上述と同様の残響室を用いた装置において、上記
残響室の試料が置かれる床に上記所定形状,寸法の開口
をなすように設けられたピットと、このピット内に設け
られた第１昇降手段と、上記所定形状,寸法をなして残
響室の床と同一材料で形成され、上方に試料を直接また
は間接に位置させて上記第１昇降手段によりピット内を
昇降せしめられる蓋板と、上記所定形状,寸法を有して
上記ピット内の蓋板の上方に配置されて、一群の試料を
載置する試料載置板と、この試料載置板を昇降させるよ
うに上記蓋板またはピット底に設けられた第２昇降手段
を備えているので、上述の測定方法を実行でき、測定の
準備作業が容易で設備の無駄がない構成でもって、試料
の上端縁での音波の回折等をなくして、背後空気層がな
い場合およびある場合の正確な吸音率を求めることがで
きる。また、試料載置板上にいす等の多数の立体を配置
し、これら立体の上端を連ねる平面を試料の上面とみな
して同様の測定を行なえば、建築材料としての多数の立
体の背後空気層がない場合およびある場合の吸音率も、
準備作業に手間をかけずかつ設備の無駄を生じずに正確
に求めることができる。The apparatus for measuring a sound absorption coefficient of a building material according to the present invention is an apparatus using a reverberation chamber similar to the above, wherein the opening of the predetermined shape and dimensions is formed on a floor on which a sample of the reverberation chamber is placed. A pit provided in the pit, a first elevating means provided in the pit, the same shape and the same material as the floor of the reverberation chamber having the above-mentioned predetermined shape and dimensions, and the sample is directly or indirectly positioned above. A lid plate which is raised and lowered in the pit by the first lifting means , and
Located above the lid plate in the pit, a group of samples
The sample mounting plate to be mounted and the sample mounting plate
The second lifting means provided on the lid plate or the bottom of the pit as described above allows the above-described measurement method to be executed, and the preparation work for measurement is easy and the equipment is not wasted. It is possible to eliminate the sound wave diffraction and the like at the upper end edge of, and to obtain an accurate sound absorption coefficient in the case where there is no air layer behind and in the case where there is. In addition , many solids such as chairs are placed on the sample mounting plate.
The plane connecting the upper ends of these solids is regarded as the upper surface of the sample.
If similar measurements are made, a large number of standing
The sound absorption coefficient when there is no air layer behind the body and when there is,
Accurate determination can be made without the need for preparation work and without wasting equipment.
【図１】 本発明の建築材料の吸音率の測定方法の一実
施例を示す横断面図および縦断面図である。FIG. 1 is a transverse sectional view and a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of a method for measuring a sound absorption coefficient of a building material according to the present invention.
【図２】 本発明の建築材料の吸音率の測定装置の一実
施例を示す縦断面図である。FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a measuring device for sound absorption coefficient of a building material according to the present invention .
It is a longitudinal section showing an example .
【図３】 従来の吸音率の測定装置を示す横断面図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional sound absorption coefficient measuring device.
【図４】 従来の吸音率の測定装置を示す縦断面図であ
る。FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a conventional sound absorption coefficient measuring device.
１…ピット、１a…開口、３,４…開閉脚、８,１５,１６
…シリンダ、１１…蓋板、１７…試料載置板、３１…残
響室、３２…壁、３３…屋根スラブ、３４…床スラブ、
３５…試料、３６…スピーカ、３９…マイクロホン、４
３…空気層、４５…劇場用のいす。1 ... pit, 1a ... opening, 3,4 ... opening and closing legs, 8,15,16
... Cylinder, 11 ... Cover plate, 17 ... Sample mounting plate, 31 ... Reverberation room, 32 ... Wall, 33 ... Roof slab, 34 ... Floor slab,
35 sample, 36 speaker, 39 microphone, 4
3 ... air layer, 45 ... theater chair.
フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 実開 昭56−37031（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 技報Ｎｏ．165，92 ４ 株式会社 奥村組 第５頁〜第９頁 (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) G01H 15/00 G01H 17/00 G01N 29/20 Continuation of the front page (56) References Japanese Utility Model Sho-56-37031 (JP, U) 165, 924 Okumura Gumi Co., Ltd. Pages 5 to 9 (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) G01H 15/00 G01H 17/00 G01N 29/20
Claims (2)
なる試料を置き、残響室内の音源から発した音を、残響
室内の複数箇所に設けた受音器で受け、受けた音の残響
時間から上記試料の吸音率を求める建築材料の吸音率の
測定方法において、 上記残響室の試料が置かれる床に上記所定形状,寸法の
開口を有するピットを設けるとともに、このピットを残
響室の床と同一材料の蓋板により蓋板上面が床面と一致
するように覆って残響時間を測定する一方、上記蓋板の
上方に試料を試料上面が床面と一致するように位置させ
たまま、蓋板をピット底に向けて下降させて残響時間を
測定し、測定した２つの残響時間から所定の数式により
吸音率を算出することを特徴とする建築材料の吸音率の
測定方法。1. A sample made of a building material having a predetermined shape and dimensions is placed in a reverberation room, and sound emitted from a sound source in the reverberation room is received by sound receivers provided at a plurality of locations in the reverberation room. A method for measuring the sound absorption coefficient of a building material from time, wherein a pit having an opening of the predetermined shape and dimensions is provided on a floor where the sample of the reverberation chamber is placed, and the pit is placed on the floor of the reverberation chamber. While measuring the reverberation time by covering the top surface of the lid plate with the lid material of the same material as that of the floor surface and measuring the reverberation time, place the sample above the lid plate so that the top surface of the sample coincides with the floor surface.
A method for measuring a sound absorption coefficient of a building material, wherein a reverberation time is measured by lowering a lid plate toward a bottom of a pit , and a sound absorption coefficient is calculated by a predetermined formula from the measured two reverberation times.
なる試料を置き、残響室内の音源から発した音を、残響
室内の複数箇所に設けた受音器で受け、受けた音の残響
時間から上記試料の吸音率を求める建築材料の吸音率の
測定装置において、 上記残響室の試料が置かれる床に上記所定形状,寸法の
開口をなすように設けられたピットと、このピット内に
設けられた第１昇降手段と、上記所定形状,寸法をなし
て残響室の床と同一材料で形成され、上方に試料を直接
または間接に位置させて上記第１昇降手段によりピット
内を昇降せしめられる蓋板と、上記所定形状,寸法を有
して上記ピット内の蓋板の上方に配置されて、一群の試
料を載置する試料載置板と、この試料載置板を昇降させ
るように上記蓋板またはピット底に設けられた第２昇降
手段を備えたことを特徴とする建築材料の吸音率の測定
装置。2. A sample made of a building material having a predetermined shape and dimensions is placed in a reverberation room, and a sound emitted from a sound source in the reverberation room is received by sound receivers provided at a plurality of locations in the reverberation room. In a measuring device for measuring the sound absorption of a building material from time, a pit provided in the floor where the sample of the reverberation chamber is placed so as to form an opening of the predetermined shape and dimensions, and a pit provided in the pit. The first raising / lowering means provided is made of the same material as the floor of the reverberation chamber having the above-mentioned predetermined shape and dimensions, and the sample is directly or indirectly positioned above and raised and lowered in the pit by the first raising / lowering means. With the specified shape and dimensions
And placed above the lid plate in the pit,
The sample mounting plate on which the sample is placed, and the sample mounting plate
A second lift provided on the lid plate or the pit bottom
An apparatus for measuring a sound absorption coefficient of a building material, characterized by comprising means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4134854A JP3040879B2 (en) | 1992-05-27 | 1992-05-27 | Method and apparatus for measuring sound absorption coefficient of building materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4134854A JP3040879B2 (en) | 1992-05-27 | 1992-05-27 | Method and apparatus for measuring sound absorption coefficient of building materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0626918A JPH0626918A (en) | 1994-02-04 |
| JP3040879B2 true JP3040879B2 (en) | 2000-05-15 |
Family
ID=15138025
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4134854A Expired - Fee Related JP3040879B2 (en) | 1992-05-27 | 1992-05-27 | Method and apparatus for measuring sound absorption coefficient of building materials |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3040879B2 (en) |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 技報Ｎｏ．１６５，９２ ４ 株式会社 奥村組 第５頁〜第９頁 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0626918A (en) | 1994-02-04 |
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