JP3035051U - Electromagnetic noise detection analyzer - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Problem] Performing predictive analysis of earthquake occurrence using noise detected from high-frequency electromagnetic waves as analysis data. SOLUTION: Each detection device 1a arranged in a different area
1 to 1c receive, for example, an AM radio broadcast, and the audio information carried to the same high frequency is canceled so that the output level becomes constant regardless of the presence or absence of the audio information.
When high frequency noise is received in this state, the reception information of this noise is sent to the analysis device 2 together with the reception time. The analysis device 2 compares and determines the noise signal and the time signal from each detection device, evaluates and determines the meaning of this noise as, for example, a sign of an earthquake occurrence by a predetermined logic, and further determines the determination result. When the standard is met, the evaluation result is communicated to each member A to X via the communication means 5.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

[Technical field to which the invention belongs]

 The present invention relates to a device that detects and analyzes changes in electromagnetic waves that are considered to be associated with natural activities, and in particular, can detect changes in electromagnetic waves that are a precursor of an earthquake with relatively inexpensive equipment, and has a certain degree of accuracy even in the private sector. It relates to a device that can predict the occurrence of an earthquake in.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 It is well known to us that the occurrence of earthquakes is inevitable in Japan, where complex stress is generated by the movement of various plates that make up the earth's crust. Then, we urgently want to know accurate information (forecast) about the earthquake occurrence time and place. Unfortunately, however, it is well known to us that it is almost impossible to know the time and place of an earthquake at the current scientific level.

[0003]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 Although it is certain that it is extremely difficult to predict the occurrence of an earthquake as described above, various abnormal phenomena such as abnormal behavior of animals, abnormal discharge phenomena, fireballs, etc. are observed prior to the occurrence of an earthquake. It is also true. Among the phenomena that are considered to be such precursors, electromagnetic wave anomalies that can be mechanically and quantitatively observed have been predicted by some scholars as a phenomenon that predicts the occurrence of earthquakes recently, based on many years of steady observations. Has come to the attention.

FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show the observation results jointly conducted by Dr. Yukio Wanawa, a special researcher of the Research Institute for Disaster Prevention Science, Science and Technology Agency, and Dr. Kozo Takahashi of the Communications Research Laboratory, off the eastern coast of the North Kaido. The observation results before and after the earthquake (22:23 on October 4, 1994 / M8.1) are shown.

The above-mentioned observation is carried out for the purpose of detecting the electric field fluctuation in the ground, and although several kinds of measurement frequency bands are set, the data shown in the figure are measured at 1 to 9 kHz (VLF). The results are shown. First, in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the pulses P 1 that are emitted at equal intervals are pulses indicating time (seconds). From around October 1 before the occurrence of the Hokkaido Toho Oki Earthquake (hereinafter this earthquake is abbreviated as "HT earthquake"), it is abnormally large as indicated by P2 to P6 (pulse P2 will be explained later). The pulse started to appear, and the number increased from October 3rd to 4th.

FIG. 9 is a result obtained by plotting the number of occurrences of pulses that are too large to be observed at all times including abnormally large pulses (hereinafter, these pulses are referred to as “significantly large pulses”) over time. Is. From this figure, the pulse number started to increase from October 1st, about 3 days before the HT earthquake, and increased sharply from 17th October 4th, about 5 hours before the occurrence of the HT earthquake. Minutes ago, it reached a peak of several tens of times the normal value. Also, it decreased sharply after the HT earthquake and returned to the normal value L1 about 3 hours after the HT earthquake. From the above observation results, it is understood that this single-shot pulse is extremely effective as a predictive material for earthquake precursory phenomena, especially for a short period or immediately before an earthquake.

Although the above-mentioned observation is a detection of a fluctuation in the underground electric field, this electromagnetic wave is emitted into the atmosphere and can also be observed by an antenna arranged in the atmosphere. On the other hand, electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere are also detected by an antenna placed underground. For example, lightning strikes between distant places, near places, and clouds are also detected as VLF pulses by an underground antenna, and are observed as pulses other than the above-mentioned precursory pulse of an earthquake, that is, noise to be excluded from the observation target. For example, the pulse P2 in FIG. 10 (A) is actually a pulse due to this lightning strike, and it was found by processing it with other lightning measurement results that it differs from the pulse that is the precursor of an earthquake. In this case, the pulse due to a lightning strike has a long duration t 1 and the waveform is a relatively complicated waveform having some peaks. On the other hand, a pulse considered as a precursor of an earthquake, for example, pulse P5, has a very short duration t2 and has a sharp waveform with one high peak. Therefore, it is relatively easy to exclude lightning noise from the duration and waveform.

The above observation is the result of receiving the electromagnetic wave whose frequency band is the V LF band in order to avoid the presence of information signals such as radio. On the other hand, although not continuous as described above, the generation of pulses, which are a precursor of an earthquake, has been observed in various bands. The frequency band in which the pulse that seems to be a sign of the occurrence of the earthquake appears is extremely wide, and in addition to the VLF band, a long wave band of 10 to 100 kHz, a medium wave band of 100 to 1500 kHz, further MHz, or a giga Hz band and electromagnetic waves. Has been observed in almost all bands.

At present, it is not known why the above electromagnetic wave occurs as a precursory phenomenon of an earthquake, but before the earthquake occurs, small-scale rock crushing, crushing, etc. gradually occur in the ground. It is thought that the energy released by this crushing, crushing, or displacement of the crushing surface is released into the ground and the atmosphere in the form of electromagnetic waves in an extremely wide band. It is considered that the electromagnetic wave is maximized immediately before the earthquake as shown in Fig. 9 and is released as electric energy large enough to be observable by the naked eye such as air discharge and fireball generation. By the way, even in the case of the Great Kansai Earthquake, a large number of people observed extremely clear air discharges before and after the earthquake.

As is clear from the above, firstly, the announcement of the observation result regarding the prediction of the earthquake occurrence, especially the announcement of the prediction of the earthquake occurrence will have an extremely great social impact. Furthermore, the observation of the precursory phenomenon of the earthquake has just begun. Considering these points, it can be said that it is premature to develop and provide a device that predicts the occurrence of earthquakes to a wide range of people at present. Secondly, since there is almost no band other than the VLF band that is not used as a carrier wave for transmitting a specific signal such as broadcasting, a special device for receiving electromagnetic waves in this band is used. Also, if electromagnetic waves in the air are captured even in this VLF band, for example, life noise due to on / off of air conditioners, electric refrigerators, etc. will be received, resulting in a large-scale device using an underground antenna as described above. .

[0011]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 The present invention has been constructed in view of the above-mentioned technical and social problems, and the fact that the device itself is constructed at a relatively low cost and the prediction of earthquake occurrences by the device is performed in a specific group. Information is transmitted as "measurement result", and evaluation of "measurement result" is basically a device for private groups, which is configured to be left to the information receiver.

Further, the electromagnetic wave to be observed is an electromagnetic wave in the broadcast frequency band in which it has been difficult to detect special noise in the past, and the detection target noise is identified and analyzed in this broadcast frequency band.

That is, the present invention provides a detection device for extracting, for each band, noise of a specific level or higher that appears in high-frequency electromagnetic waves of one or more bands that are modulated by signals that transmit information, such as radio waves for radio broadcasting. The noise detection device is configured to analyze the noise detection signal of the detection device. The noise detection device includes a first high-frequency amplification means for amplifying the high-frequency reception electromagnetic wave as it is or by high-frequency detection and amplification. Then, the second amplifying means for reproducing the information signal, which is smoothed into an information signal, and the output of the first high frequency amplifying means and the demodulated output of the second amplifying means for reproducing the information signal are differentiated. And a third high-frequency differential amplification means for making the output level constant regardless of the magnitude of the information-transmission signal by amplifying the information-transmission signal. When receiving, the output level stabilizing function is disabled to detect high frequency noise, and the analyzer is configured to input this noise detection signal and analyze the cause of noise generation. This is a device for detecting and analyzing electromagnetic wave noise.

[0014]

[Action]

 Each detection device receives an electromagnetic wave in one or more bands modulated by a signal (for example, an audio signal) that transmits specific information such as radio broadcasting, and outputs the signal through the first to third amplifiers. Cancel to keep the output level constant regardless of the presence or absence of a signal. When noise larger than a preset threshold value is received in this state, this is output as analysis data to the analysis device together with time information and the like. The analysis device analyzes this material based on the predetermined analysis logic and makes an analysis judgment as to whether or not this noise is a sign of an earthquake.

[0015]

【Example】

 Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

The present invention comprises a plurality of detection devices distributed in a plurality of areas and an analysis processing device for analyzing the signal sent from the detection device. If necessary, the analysis result of the analysis processing device is analyzed. It is configured to include a plurality of receiving terminals that receive via communication means.

FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of this device. First, the detection devices 1a, 1b, and 1c having the configurations described below are arranged in different areas. In the configuration shown in the figure, three detection devices are installed, but if the processing capacity of the analysis device permits, the greater the number of detection devices installed, the higher the analysis accuracy. Reference numeral 2 indicates this analysis device, which is arranged at any of the installation places of these detection devices or at a place different from the installation place of these detection devices, and is arranged at each place through communication means. This is a device that analyzes and processes the detection results sent from the detected detection device. A telephone line is generally used as a communication method for transmitting the detection result, but for example, a relatively large company often has a dedicated communication line for meetings, meetings and other internal information transmission. When using this device as an in-house earthquake warning system, it is effective to use this dedicated communication line.

Reference numeral 3 is an alarm device, and 4 is a data display means such as a printer, which is appropriately connected to the analysis device 2. The analysis result of the analysis device 2 is configured to be output to a terminal of a person (hereinafter referred to as “member”) who has a contract to receive information from the device via the communication means 5. These communication means may be the above-mentioned telephone line, in-house dedicated line, etc., and the detection result is output to each member's terminal, for example, a facsimile or as personal computer to the member's personal computer.

Next, FIG. 2 shows a specific configuration of the detection device shown in FIG. There are various possible configurations of this detection device, but in this embodiment, it is configured as a device for observing electromagnetic waves in the medium frequency band. That is, there are many existing products that receive electromagnetic waves in this band with various performances, and a device that meets the object of the present invention can be achieved by simply improving these existing products, which is extremely economical. The device shown in FIG. 2 is a device for receiving electromagnetic waves in the medium frequency band, and has the same basic configuration as an AM radio.

Here, as is well known, the medium-wave broadcasting is performed by amplitude-modulating (AM-modulating) a voice wave into a carrier wave (high frequency) in a band of about 500 kHz to about 1500 kHz. It is configured to detect, from the carrier wave, a high-frequency pulse wave that does not occur at the audio frequency as noise. In addition, the analyzer is configured to detect the pulse wave, which is considered to be an earthquake precursor, as noise to be analyzed from this noise based on the analysis logic described later.

First, the first amplifier 6a outputs the high frequency received electromagnetic wave as it is as a high frequency output (hereinafter referred to as “direct output”) H. However, the first stage high frequency detection may be performed also in the first amplifier 6a. On the other hand, the second amplifier 6b outputs the same high-frequency received electromagnetic wave by the detection means 7 as a low-frequency output (hereinafter referred to as "signal output") S 2 which is detected and smoothed. The direct output H and the signal output S are differentially amplified by the third amplifier 6c via the differential means 17, and a high frequency output having a constant level regardless of the size of the signal being carried (hereinafter referred to as "detection target output"). It is T).

That is, as shown in FIG. 11 (A), the high frequency appears as a waveform Pa in the direct output, but almost appears as Pa ′ in the smoothed signal output S as shown in FIG. 11 (B). Absent. If (A) and (B) are differentially amplified, the output level of the signal portion is made constant as in (C), but the high-frequency noise portion is not canceled by this differential amplification, so Pa ″ It appears clearly like. Therefore, by setting the threshold value TH at an appropriate value, the noise detection means 8 detects this noise to be detected, so that only the target noise can be detected. At the same time, the detection signal is sent to the clock 9 to which the noise detection time is added, and is output as a noise signal to the analysis device via the communication means 10 such as the telephone line. The term "high frequency" described above is used as a term including radio communication and the medium frequency wave that performs the AM modulation, as well as the MHz band that performs the FM modulation.

The configuration described above shows a configuration in which noise is detected in one frequency band in one detection device, but the configuration in FIG. 3 shows a case in which a plurality of frequency bands are covered by one detection device. . Here, for example, the band A amplifying section 11a is a section that includes the first, second, and third amplifiers 6a, 6b, and 6c in FIG. 2 and outputs the detection target output T. The band A amplifying section 11a, the band B amplifying section 11b, and the band C amplifying section 11c are electromagnetic waves of different bands, for example, the band A amplifying section 11a has 100 kHz, the band B amplifying section 11b has 800 kHz, and the band C amplifying section 11c has 150. Set it to 0 kHz (1.5 MHz) or the like.

The detection target outputs T1, T2, T3 output from the amplification units 11a, 11b, 11c of the respective bands are noise detected by the respective noise detection means 8a, 8b, 8c, and the detected noises are detected. The detection time output from the clock 9, and the detection result is sent to the analysis device via the communication means 10. The noise detecting means may be provided corresponding to each of the amplifiers 11a, 11b and 11c, and one noise detecting means may be used to process the signal from each amplifier. It is also possible to confirm the noise detection time by using another time detection mechanism such as receiving external standard time communication using such a built-in clock. Further, it is naturally possible to provide a storage unit (not shown) next to the noise detection unit 8 as needed to intermittently communicate with the analysis device at a remote place.

FIG. 4 shows a configuration example of the analysis device. The analysis device 2 is based on a signal input means 12 for receiving and inputting signals sent from detection devices in various places, a storage means 13 for storing data output from the signal input means 12, and an analysis logic which will be described later for the sent data. There is provided a calculation means 14 for analyzing and evaluating by means of this method and a means 15 for setting a threshold value used when carrying out the analysis processing.

FIG. 5 to FIG. 8 show an example of analyzing the noise signal in the analyzing device.

First, FIG. 5 shows a first analysis method. This analysis method can be applied to both cases where one detection device is monitoring electromagnetic waves in one band and when monitoring multiple electromagnetic waves. First, when the analyzing device 2 receives a noise signal, it takes in a noise detection time signal added to the noise signal and judges based on this time signal whether or not a plurality of noise signals are received at the same time.

Incidentally, as the noise for the carrier wave, various noises are received in addition to the pulse wave which is the noise of the precursor of the earthquake, the noise caused by the lightning strike and the installation position of the device. For example, if the device is placed in the home, it may cause a lot of noise generated by household life or industrial activities, such as starting electric motors for compressors in refrigerators, starting electric appliances for home use, starting motors when moving up and down elevators, etc. Hereinafter, these noises are referred to as “local noises”). The detection time added to the noise signal output from each detection device is usually a fraction of a second or a few tenths of a second. Therefore, it is extremely unlikely that local noise will occur at the same time in such a short time. Therefore, when the time data is the same or the difference is extremely small (for example, 1 second or less), it is counted as noise at the same time. . It is determined whether or not the noise determined to be the same-time noise is equal to or larger than a preset constant. For example, the specified number is 70% of the number of detectors installed. If the same-time noise is more than the specified number, these are judged as earthquake sign noises.

In this way, the same-time noise in each time zone is counted to determine whether or not it is a predictive noise. For example, when the number of times of judgment as the sign noise is a predetermined number of times (for example, 20 times) or more within a predetermined time, for example, 30 minutes, a notification is given to each member.

Although there are various possibilities for the content of the notification, even with this detection device, it is practically impossible to predict the earthquake occurrence area and the occurrence time in the same way as with the conventional detection method, and it is originally specified. Considering that the purpose is to convey information within the group, it is desirable to leave the evaluation of information to each member. In other words, it is ultimately the freedom of the members to decide whether to take evacuation action by the notification, to prepare for the earthquake, or to ignore it in some cases. In other words, it is desirable to stop reporting only to provide objective information that "noise that seems to be an earthquake sign is occurring."

6 and 7 show a second analysis example. This example basically focuses on detecting a change in the amount of noise information input from each detection device. In addition, the threshold for detecting as noise is set lower than in the case of the above method to increase the amount of information so that the overall change of noise can be easily captured. In this case, the amount of local noise mixed in also increases, but if the overall increase in noise is limited to a specific detector, canceling the data of that detector will capture the overall change fairly accurately. It becomes possible.

In FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the analyzer receives a noise detection signal periodically (for example, every hour) from each detector (each of which stores noise information of a certain engine) and counts it ( S1). Whether or not the total count number of each detection device has increased is determined (S2), and if it is increasing, and if this increase occurs only in a specific detection device (S3), noise is placed in the same detection device. The noise due to the peculiar circumstances of the place where it is operated, that is, the local noise is considered to be the factor of increasing the noise number, and the signal data of this detection device is canceled and excluded from the analysis target. There are various possible causes of such local noise, such as electrical work and elevator work in the neighborhood.

On the other hand, when the noise detection signal from each detection device is generally increasing, for example, the information that “noise that seems to be an earthquake sign has occurred” as shown in the first analysis example is given. The (primary information) is reported to each member (S4). Following the above information processing, the number of noises at the next time is input (S5), it is judged whether the total number of noises has fallen to the normal value (S6), and if it has not fallen to the normal value, Similar to the judgment S3, it is judged whether or not the value has not fallen to the normal value (including the case where it increases) due to the increase of only a specific detector (S7). If it does not return to the normal value and this is not due to a specific detection device, it is further judged whether the noise number is maintaining the same state as the previous time or is increasing more than the previous time (S8). If the status is not increasing, the second notification with the same content as the previous one will be sent. If the number is further increasing, as shown in FIG. 9, an alarm S10 having a higher degree of urgency than the secondary notification S9 is issued indicating that the earthquake is about to occur.

FIG. 8 is an analysis method showing a modification of the above-described analysis method shown in FIG. 5, and mainly shows the analysis method focusing on the noise occurrence time.

First, the method is the same as that shown in FIG. 5 up to the determination of whether or not a plurality of (preset number) noises have been input at the same time. Next, when more than the set number is input, it is determined whether or not these noises are in different frequency bands (S11). If this noise extends over different frequency bands, a notification S12 is immediately issued. By the way, it is extremely unlikely that a large number of local noises will occur at the same time (fractions of a second or tenths of a second) in different frequency bands. Recent studies have revealed that waves are generated.

On the other hand, in the case of the same frequency band, since it is assumed that the noise is a local noise due to a wide range of influence such as a lightning strike phenomenon in a relatively wide area, an immediate notification is not issued and this phenomenon is preset. The notification S12 is performed after the number of times of occurrence has occurred. However, it is possible to decide in what state to report by agreement with the member, so if you decide to report early even if the accuracy of the information is low, you can do it at once at the same time when the frequency band is different. You may report.

Although several kinds of analysis methods have been described with reference to the drawings, these are merely examples and are not intended to be limited to this method. In addition, an analysis method using some of the above methods is also possible.

[0038]

[Effect of the invention]

 Since the device of the present invention measures high-frequency electromagnetic waves used as communication means, the receiving device can be configured as a commercially available device as it is or with a small modification, which is extremely economical. In addition, it is possible to evaluate the possibility of earthquake occurrence from the noise carried by the electromagnetic waves, and it is particularly effective to use the above evaluation results for a specific member or a company with a dedicated communication circuit. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electromagnetic wave noise detection and analysis apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a detection device that detects noise in electromagnetic waves.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing another configuration example of the detection device.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an analysis device.

FIG. 5 is an analysis flowchart showing a first example of a noise analysis method.

FIG. 6 is an analysis flow chart showing a second example of a noise analysis method.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a continuation of the analysis flow shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is an analysis flowchart showing a third example of a noise analysis method.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a change in the number of noise (pulse) occurrences in VLF before the occurrence of the Hokkaido Toho-oki earthquake.

FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are diagrams showing a noise generation state.

11A and 11B are conceptual diagrams showing waveforms of high-frequency electromagnetic waves, in which FIG. 11A is a waveform diagram of direct output, FIG. 11B is a smoothed waveform diagram, and FIG. 11C is a waveform diagram after differential amplification. is there.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 1a, 1b, 1c (Noise) detection device 2 Analysis device 3 Alarm device 5 Communication means (between analysis device and member terminal) 6a First amplifier 6b Second amplifier 6c Third amplifier 10 (Analysis) Communication means (between device and sensing device)

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] September 18, 1996

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claim 1

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

Claims (9)

[Utility model registration claims] 1. A detection device for extracting, for each band, noise of a specific level or higher that appears in high-frequency electromagnetic waves in one or more bands modulated by a signal transmitting information, and a noise detection signal of this detection device is analyzed. The noise detecting device includes a first amplifying unit for amplifying the high-frequency received electromagnetic wave as it is or by high-frequency detection and amplification, and the high-frequency received electromagnetic wave is detected, amplified, and smoothed to obtain an information signal. The second amplifying means, and the high frequency output of the first amplifying means and the demodulated signal output of the second amplifying means are differentially high frequency amplified to obtain an output level regardless of the size of the information transmission signal. And a third amplifying means for making the output frequency constant, and the function of making the output level constant when the high frequency noise other than the information transmission signal occurs is disabled to detect the high frequency noise. An electromagnetic wave noise detection / analysis apparatus, characterized in that the noise detection signal is input to the analysis apparatus and the cause of the noise is analyzed. 2. The noise detecting and analyzing apparatus for electromagnetic waves according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the detecting apparatuses are installed in different regions and each detecting apparatus is connected to the analyzing apparatus via a communication means. . 3. The detection device is provided with a time detection mechanism, and the noise signal is transmitted to the analysis device together with the noise occurrence time data.
Alternatively, the electromagnetic wave noise detection and analysis device according to 2. 4. The electromagnetic wave according to claim 3, wherein the analysis device is provided with a means for comparing the time of occurrence of noise, and is configured to select only the noise generated at the same time as the analysis material. Noise detection analyzer. 5. The analysis device is provided with means for judging the band of electromagnetic waves in which noise is generated, and is configured to add the type of band of electromagnetic waves in which noise is generated as the analysis data. Alternatively, the electromagnetic wave noise detection and analysis device according to item 4. 6. The analysis device is provided with means for detecting the number of times of noise generation within a predetermined time, and is configured to add the number of noise generation times as analysis data. The electromagnetic noise detection and analysis device according to. 7. A plurality of member terminals are connected to an analysis device via communication means, and the analysis result of the analysis device is output to each terminal. An electromagnetic wave noise detection / analysis device according to any one of the claims. 8. The electromagnetic wave noise detection / analysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the detection apparatus is provided with at least one level setting mechanism for selecting a noise level. . 9. The electromagnetic wave noise detection according to claim 8, wherein the detection device is provided with means for varying the output form or output terminal given to the analysis device for each noise level by the level setting mechanism. Analyzer.