JP3019755B2 - Music sound generation method and music sound generation device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a CPU and a DSP.
The present invention relates to a musical tone generating method for generating a musical tone waveform by executing a musical tone generating program on a programmable arithmetic device such as a computer, and further relates to a musical tone generating device for generating a musical tone waveform by executing the musical tone generating program.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional tone generator or a musical tone generating program for generating musical tone waveforms by calculation, the sampling frequency, the maximum number of tones, and the processing content of each musical tone depend on what kind of musical tone is to be generated and other processing. However, no matter what the situation, processing is performed under preset conditions.

[0003]

However, in such a system, (1) the tone generation operation is fixed, so that in some cases, more processing than necessary or necessary processing is not included. There was an inconvenience. That is, depending on the type of musical sound, pitch conversion of the musical sound waveform may or may not be necessary, modulation may be necessary or unnecessary by the LFO, and timbre processing using a digital filter may or may not be necessary. In some cases, effects may or may not be needed. However, in the conventional sound source, since each circuit performs fixed processing, it is difficult to add new processing and delete unnecessary processing, and it is necessary to add a complicated circuit for realization. there were.

(2) When a sound source is realized by software, the amount of operation of the CPU dynamically fluctuates according to the number of channels being sounded and the content of the tone generation operation. Other application programs (hereinafter referred to as
"Application". ), A software tone generator program (hereinafter referred to as “soft tone generator”) is executed, and the fluctuation of the processing amount of the soft tone generator (particularly, an increase in the amount of calculation) causes unstable operation of other applications. There was something.

(3) The amount of computation that can be allocated to the processing of the software sound source is limited by the number and types of applications running in parallel as described above, as well as by the computing power of the processing unit that executes them. Even in the case where the amount of calculation to be assigned is severely limited, in the conventional software sound source program, since the generation calculation is fixedly determined, the user may want to increase the number of sounds even if the quality of the generation calculation is reduced, or However, it is not possible to select when there is a need to generate and calculate with high quality.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a tone generating method and a tone generating apparatus for changing the content of a musical tone waveform generation operation based on the content of a musical tone being processed or the content of an application operating in parallel. Aim.

[0007]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a program for receiving performance information for instructing generation of a musical tone waveform.
Performance information reception process, set the characteristics of the musical tone waveform
Setting information to receive setting information to increase or decrease the amount of computation for generation
The receiving process is controlled by the setting information every predetermined period.
By executing the calculation processing by the CPU, the performance information
To generate musical sound waveforms of musical tones in response to the
And outputting the generated musical tone waveform.
The setting information is used to generate a musical tone waveform for one musical tone.
By adding or deleting multiple characteristic control processes
Change the processing time of the CPU required to generate a tone for one tone.
Wherein the generating step includes adding the performance information
Executes only the arithmetic processing of musical tones
The process is characterized by the following.

[0008] The present invention relates to, for example, a software sound source, and is made to effectively utilize the CPU power of a microcomputer device. In other words, the content of tone control is changed in accordance with the purpose and form of performance of the tone to be generated, or the specific tone control is stopped, thereby reducing the processing amount and increasing the number of sounds. Or to turn power for the purpose.

The invention of claim 2 of the present application is based on claim 1
In the invention, the setting information receiving step includes the setting information
As, (1) LFO on or off (2) of the interpolation of the on-off and / or interpolation type (3) filter on and off and / or filter
Type (4) Effect on / off and / or effect
Characterized in that it is a process of receiving at least one of the data types (5) Sampling Frequency
And

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the step of receiving a plurality of pieces of performance information, the waveform calculation processing is performed at predetermined intervals in accordance with the plurality of pieces of performance information, whereby
A generation step of generating a plurality of tone waveforms corresponding to a plurality of performance information, a step of outputting the generated tone waveforms, and a step of calculating restriction information, wherein the generation step is performed for each of the predetermined periods. And a step of limiting the total calculation amount of the waveform calculation processing according to the plurality of pieces of performance information by the limit information.

The invention of claim 4 of this application is based on claim 3
In the invention, a step of displaying the restriction information is included.
It is characterized by.

The invention of claim 5 of this application is based on claim 3
In the invention, the generation step includes an operation of performing a waveform calculation process.
Limit the total amount of computation by limiting the number of performance information
Process.

The invention of claim 6 of this application is based on claim 3
In the invention, the generation step corresponds to new performance information.
Perform waveform calculation processing when starting waveform calculation processing
Limit the total amount of computation by limiting the number of performance information
The process is characterized by the following.

The present invention relates to, for example, a soft sound source, and aims to secure a smooth multitasking state by limiting the time during which the soft sound source occupies the CPU power with restriction information. According to the present invention, it is possible to stably generate a musical tone generated within the limited amount of calculation without causing a break or the like, while limiting the amount of calculation.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the step of receiving a plurality of pieces of performance information, a waveform calculation process corresponding to the plurality of pieces of performance information is executed at predetermined intervals.
Generating process of generating a plurality of musical tone waveform corresponding to a plurality of performance information, the process of outputting the generated the sound waveform, which has a process of receiving the operation accuracy information, the arithmetic precision
It has a step of displaying information about the degree information, the generating process, by controlling the accuracy of the waveform calculation process corresponding to the plurality of performance information based on the operation accuracy information, before
It is characterized in that it is a process of limiting the total calculation amount of the waveform calculation processing according to the plurality of pieces of performance information .

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the seventh aspect of the present invention, the generation step controls a total operation amount of the waveform operation processing by controlling a time required for generating a tone for one sound. Process. According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the third to eighth aspects, the generation step includes the step of executing the waveform arithmetic processing every predetermined period.
A step of generating a tone waveform of a musical tone in a sounding state in accordance with the performance information by executing the PU, and performing only a waveform calculation process of the musical tone in a sounding state in accordance with the performance information It is characterized by being. The invention of claim 10 of this application is the invention of claim 1 to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises the step of displaying the total amount of computation and the tone number of the results generated in the waveform processing of the waveform processing And

The invention of claim 11 of the present application is based on claim 1
In the invention according to the tenth to tenth aspects, in the generation process, the musical tone waveforms of the period of the predetermined cycle are collectively generated at predetermined cycles.
Process . The invention of claim 12 of this application is characterized in that, in the invention of claims 1 to 11, it is realized as one of a plurality of programs executed by a CPU in a computer in parallel.

The calculation accuracy information is, for example, an equivalent sampling frequency (the number of musical tone samples calculated and generated per unit time), and the calculation amount can be reduced by reducing the accuracy.

The invention according to claim 13 of the present application provides a musical sound waveform
Performance information receiving means for receiving performance information instructing the generation of music
And setting the characteristics of the musical sound waveform and calculating the amount of calculation of the musical sound waveform
Setting information receiving means for receiving setting information for increasing or decreasing
Arithmetic processing controlled by the setting information at predetermined intervals
Is executed by the CPU, so that the
Generating means for generating a musical tone waveform of a musical tone in a pronounced state;
Comprising means for outputting the generated the sound waveform, the prior
The setting information includes a plurality of pieces of information for generating a musical tone waveform for one musical tone.
By adding or deleting the characteristic control processing of
Change the processing time of the CPU required to generate
Wherein the generating means responds to the performance information.
A means for executing only the arithmetic processing of a musical tone that is in a sounded state
It is characterized by being. The invention of claim 14 of this application
The setting information receiving means according to claim 13,
The setting information includes: (1) LFO on / off (2) interpolation on / off and / or type of interpolation (3) filter on / off and / or filter
Type (4) Effect on / off and / or effect
Characterized in that the means for receiving at least one of the data types (5) Sampling Frequency
And

[0020] The invention of claim 15 of this application, means for receiving a plurality of performance information by executing a waveform calculating process corresponding to the plurality of Starring <br/> Kanade information every predetermined period, before
Generating means for generating a plurality of musical sound waveforms corresponding to the plurality of pieces of performance information, and means for outputting the generated musical sound waveforms, and having means for calculating restriction information; In response to the plurality of pieces of performance information at predetermined intervals,
This means is a means for restricting the total computation amount of the same waveform computation processing by the restriction information. Claim 1 of this application
According to a sixth aspect, in the fifteenth aspect, a means for displaying the restriction information is provided. The invention according to claim 17 of the present application is the invention according to claim 15, wherein the generation means is means for limiting the total amount of calculation by limiting the number of pieces of performance information to be subjected to waveform calculation processing. . The invention of claim 18 of this application is based on claim 15
In the present invention, the generation means is means for limiting the total amount of calculation by limiting the number of pieces of performance information to be subjected to the waveform calculation processing when starting the waveform calculation processing corresponding to the new performance information. And

According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, a means for receiving a plurality of pieces of performance information and a waveform calculation process corresponding to the plurality of pieces of performance information are executed at predetermined intervals.
Means for generating a plurality of musical sound waveforms according to the plurality of performance information, and means for outputting the generated musical sound waveforms, and means for receiving calculation accuracy information ;
And a means for displaying information relating to the calculation accuracy information , wherein the generation means is configured to display information based on the calculation accuracy information.
By controlling the accuracy of the waveform calculation process corresponding to the plurality of performance information, characterized in that it is a means for limiting the total amount of computation of the waveform calculation process corresponding to the plurality of performance information. According to a twentieth aspect of the present invention, in the nineteenth aspect, the generation means limits a total operation amount of the waveform operation processing by controlling a time required for generating a tone for one sound. It is characterized by the following. According to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, in the fifteenth to twentieth aspects of the present invention, the generation means executes the waveform arithmetic processing by a CPU at predetermined intervals, thereby producing a sound state according to the performance information. And generating only the sound waveform of the musical tone in the tone generating state according to the performance information.
The invention of claim 22 of the present application is characterized in that, in the invention of claims 13 to 21, there is provided a means for displaying the total operation amount of the waveform operation processing and the number of musical tones generated as a result of the waveform operation processing. And Claim 23 of this application
The invention according to claims 13 to 22,
The generation means is a means for collectively generating a musical tone waveform in a period of the predetermined period for each predetermined period. The invention of claim 24 of this application is based on claims 13 and 2
A third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the computer and the CPU of the computer are realized as one of a plurality of programs executed in parallel.

[0022]

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a microcomputer device on which the software tone generator of the present invention is executed. CPU
A ROM 11, a RAM 12, a hard disk device 13, a CD-ROM device 14, a MIDI interface 15, a keyboard 16, and a display 1 are connected to a bus 10 via a bus.
7, DMA 18 and timer 21 are connected. R
The OM 11 stores a basic program and the like essential for the operation of the microcomputer device. The RAM 12 is a memory that reads programs and data to be executed and stores data generated during the processing of the programs. Various applications and the like are stored in the hard disk device 13. A CD-ROM storing various data and programs is set in the CD-ROM device 14. A software sound source to be described later is also supplied from a CD-ROM. The programs stored in the hard disk device 13 or the CD-ROM are read out to the RAM 12 when executed. The MIDI interface 15 transmits and receives performance data and control signals to and from a performance device such as an externally connected MIDI keyboard. As the keyboard 16 and the display 17, a general keyboard and monitor are connected to a normal personal computer. DMA
(Direct Memory AccessCont
The controller 18 is connected to the RAM 12 without the CPU 10.
Is a circuit that reads out waveform data from the DAC 19 and outputs it to the DAC 19. The DAC 19 converts the waveform data into an analog tone signal and outputs the signal to the sound system 20. The sound system 20 amplifies the tone signal and outputs the amplified signal to the outside. The timer 21 interrupts the CPU 10 at regular intervals and supplies a sampling clock to the DMA 18.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the flow of temporal processing of a soft sound source executed by the microcomputer device. This software sound source generates musical tone waveform data at a sampling frequency of 48 kHz, and performs the musical tone waveform data generation processing for every 128 samples (one frame). When there is a performance input in the time slot of a certain frame, the processing of calculating musical tone waveform data corresponding to the performance input is performed in the next frame, and further, this musical tone waveform data is read out in the next frame by one sample every 48 kHz cycle. To form a musical tone signal. Therefore, there is a time lag of about 2 frames from the performance input until the musical tone is actually generated (or until the musical tone is muted), but one frame is composed of 128 samples (about 2.67 mm). Seconds)
Therefore, the time lag is small.

In this embodiment, a soft tone generator that generates a tone based on a so-called table lookup method for generating a tone based on a waveform sample stored in a waveform table prepared on the RAM 12 will be described.

FIG. 3 shows the RAM 1 when the soft tone generator operates.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a storage area set to 2; FIG. 3A shows an input buffer. This input buffer is a buffer for storing, when a performance input is received from the MIDI interface 15, the content of the performance input and the time of occurrence. The contents of this buffer are M
The data is read out by the IDI processing, and the corresponding processing is executed.

FIG. 2B is a diagram showing a sample buffer WB, and FIG. 2C is a diagram showing an output buffer OB. Both buffers have waveform data storage areas (SD1 to SD128, OD1 to OD128) for 128 samples. The output buffer OB stores waveform data obtained by sequentially adding and combining musical tone waveform data of 32 sounding channels. For the calculation of the waveform data, 128 samples for one frame time are calculated for each channel, and this is calculated by 3
The sample buffer WB stores the waveform data of one channel, and the waveform data of one channel is calculated every time the waveform data of one channel is calculated. The output buffer OB accumulates data at each sample timing.

In another embodiment described later, three selectable equivalent sampling frequencies (12 kHz, 24 kHz
kHz, 48kHz) corresponding to three output buffers OB
0, OB1 and OB2 exist.

FIG. 2D shows a tone color data register.
The tone data register stores data for determining a tone waveform generated in each MIDI channel (performance part). As the timbre data, there are timbre waveform designation data, EG control data, touch control data, etc., which designate a waveform table as a material for each timbre of each timbre.

FIG. 3E shows a tone generator register. The tone generator register stores, for each tone generation channel, data for determining a tone waveform generated in the tone generation channel. The data includes a note number and a waveform designation address (attack start address AS, attack end address AE,
Loop start address LS, loop end address L
E), filter control data, EG control data, note-on data, timing data, and the like.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a control panel screen displayed on the display 17 when the software sound source is activated. This screen is displayed in a so-called window on a part of the screen of the display 17. MID is displayed on the control panel screen
I monitor 31, LFO on / off display 33, interpolation (I
NT) setting display section 34, digital filter (DCF)
Setting display section 35, effect (EFT) setting display section 3
6. Sampling frequency (GSR) setting display 37, maximum number of sounds (MPF) setting display 38, current number of sounds display 39, duty ratio display 40, sounding level display 41
Are provided, and a cursor (CURSO) is provided.
R) key 42, value switch 43,
Various key switches of a duty ratio (DUTY) switch 44 and a reset (RESET) switch 45 are displayed. The portion 32 with a dark background color indicates that the cursor is located at that position.

The MIDI monitor 31 is a monitor in which, when data is input / output to / from a MIDI channel, a lamp section corresponding to the channel is turned on. The LFO is a low-frequency oscillator for producing a vibrato-like swelling effect on a musical sound. The cursor key 42 is displayed on the display section 33.
The cursor 32 is moved using the
3 can be turned on / off by operating the LFO. The setting method for the other display units 34 to 38 is the same.

The interpolation setting display section 34 interpolates the frequency of the waveform data in the waveform table of the RAM 12 by a number of points in order to obtain a sample corresponding to a decimal part at an address generated when the frequency is shifted according to the frequency of the musical tone to be generated. This is a display unit for setting whether to perform. 4-point interpolation using cubic function, 1
Either two-point interpolation using the following function, or no interpolation set for musical sounds that do not need to be frequency-shifted, such as percussion sounds, can be selected.

The digital filter setting display section 35 is a setting display section for selecting whether to use a secondary filter, a primary filter, or not to use a tone filter as a digital filter.

The effect setting display section 36 turns on / off the effect of the reverb or low-pass filter (LPF).
It is a setting display section for turning off.

The above-described setting display section is a setting display section for setting the processing content of the sound source processing operation of the CPU 10.

The sampling frequency setting display 37
Is a display related to another application example described later with reference to FIG.
The setting is changed when it is desired to make the equivalent sampling frequency (normally 48 kHz) at which the musical tone waveform data is calculated by this software sound source rough. 24kHz, 12 other than 48kHz
A sampling frequency of kHz can be set.

Further, the maximum sounding number setting display section 38 relating to the third embodiment of the present invention uses the software sound source capable of simultaneously generating up to 32 sounds to reduce the burden on the CPU 10 in advance. This is a display of the maximum number of sounds when the maximum number of sounds is suppressed to less than 32. In this case, the numerical value displayed on the maximum number of sounds setting display section 38 is changed (1 to 3).
2) By doing so, the maximum number of sounds can be reduced to that value.

The current tone number display section 39 displays the current tone count, which is the tone number currently formed by the software sound source.

The duty ratio display section 40 displays the ratio of the capacity occupied by the software sound source among the total capacity of the CPU 10. The performance is displayed as a bar graph 40a.
By operating the duty ratio switch 44, the data DR indicating the upper limit of the duty ratio of the capability of the CPU 10 occupied by the soft sound source can be set, and the set duty ratio is displayed on the duty ratio display unit 40. It is displayed as a dotted line 40b.

The tone generation level display section 41 is a display section which shows the current tone generation level of the tone signal by a bar graph 41a.

The operation of the soft sound source in the microcomputer of the above apparatus will be described with reference to a flowchart.

FIG. 5A is a flowchart showing the main routine. When the program is started, first, initial settings such as securing a register area are executed (s
1) Prepare the screen shown in FIG. Then, it waits at s3 and s4 until there is some activation factor (trigger). When an activation factor occurs, the activation factor is determined in s5, and the corresponding processing operation is executed. The start factor is the MI when the MIDI data is written to the input buffer.
DI processing (s6), sound source processing (s8) executed every time corresponding to one frame, other processing (s10) executed when there is another switch event, and
There is an end process (s12) when an end command is input. The end process is a process of saving setting data, clearing a register, and the like. Thereafter, the screen of FIG. 4 is erased (s13), and the operation ends. MIDI processing (s
When 6) is performed, the MIDI monitor 31
The indicator of the channel receiving the DI data is turned on (s7). Other processes include processes corresponding to various panel inputs and command inputs, some of which will be described with reference to FIG. After this processing, a display change processing corresponding to this processing is executed (s11). The sound source processing (s8) is executed by detecting that the reading / reproducing in FIG. 2 has progressed to the next frame by an interrupt due to the counting of the 128 sample clocks by the timer 21 or a trigger from the DMA 18. However, this will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. The duty ratio / sound generation number display processing (P display processing: s9) will be described with reference to FIG. Here, FIGS. 7 and 8
Is an example (first embodiment) in which LFO on / off, interpolation setting, digital filter setting, and effect setting can be performed on the control screen of the display 17.
On the other hand, FIG. 11 shows an example (second embodiment) in which the sampling frequency can be set on the control screen of the display 17. In this specification, besides this, an example (third embodiment) in which the maximum number of pronunciations can be set on the control screen will be briefly described.

The MIDI interrupt processing of FIG. 5B will be described. This interrupt processing is the highest priority interrupt processing operation.
When the MIDI data is received from the MIDI interface 15 (s15), the reception time data is written into the input buffer together with the received MIDI data (s15).
16). The MIDI process (s6: see FIG. 6) is started by detecting that MIDI data is written in the input buffer. In the MIDI processing, processing corresponding to the detected MIDI data is performed.

FIG. 6 shows a note-on event processing operation which is one of the MIDI processing. This processing operation is executed when note-on event data has been written to the input buffer. First, the note number, velocity data, timbre for each part, and occurrence time of the note-on event data are respectively set to NN and V
The data is stored in the EL, t, and TM registers (s20). next,
Allocate a sounding channel for producing a note-on musical tone from among the 32 sounding channels i
(S21). The tone color data TP (t) related to this note-on is processed according to NN and VEL (s2
2) The processed tone data is written into the tone generator register of the i-channel together with the data indicating the note-on and the TM (s23).

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a sound source process started at a time period corresponding to a frame. First, the cutoff time of the sound source processing operation is calculated (s30).
The cutoff time is calculated based on a duty ratio that can occupy the CPU 10 in the soft sound source processing, and is a processing for calculating a time that can be devoted to the formation of a musical sound waveform (sound source processing). That is, in this sound source processing operation, waveform data for one frame (128 samples) is calculated for each of the 32 tone generation channels.
When the occupation time of 10 is reached, this processing operation is forcibly terminated. If it is interrupted halfway, waveform data cannot be calculated for some channels, but in this case, the tone of that channel is force dumped (operation of forcibly attenuating the signal level by rapidly attenuating the signal level). .
The stop time TL (time limit) is as follows: TL = ST + FL × DR-US-AS ST: Start time of the current playback frame FL: Frame time length (length of one entire frame) DR: Duty ratio US: Stop processing time (cut off) AS: Time required for processing (force dump) AS: Post-processing time (processing from reverb, LPF, etc. to waveforms generated for a plurality of channels, reservation for reproduction in DMA, and completion of sound source processing (post-processing) ))).

Here, the time limit TL is data indicating how long the tone generation processing of each channel executed during the tone generator processing of each frame can be continued. This expression is obtained from the start time (ST) of the current frame to the end time (ST
+ FL), a period of time corresponding to the first duty ratio DR can be used for sound source processing, and other processing of the soft sound source and processing of other applications can be performed in the remaining time. Here, the duty ratio DR is set by the duty ratio switch 44. In this equation, the time limit is precisely calculated in consideration of the termination processing time US and the post-processing time AS, but the calculation may be omitted.

Next, channel control is performed (s31). As described above, the channel control means that the lower the calculation order, the higher the possibility of the channel being censored. Therefore, the calculation order of the 32 channels is calculated so that the channel with the higher priority (the channel that cannot be muted) is calculated first. This is the process of setting. Channels with a high priority include channels with a high sounding level and channels with a short time since the start of sounding. For channels with a low priority, channels with a low sounding level have the highest priority except channels that are not sounding. Rank is low. After the channel control, the output buffer OB is cleared and 1 is set to the pointer i indicating the operation order (s32). Thereafter, the waveform data calculation processing (s33 to s44) of each sounding channel is executed.

First, an address is set in the tone generator register of the channel of the i-th channel in the calculation order, and a waveform data calculation preparation process such as making data of the channel readable is executed (s33). Next, the LFO control flag CD1
Is determined (s34). If CD1 = 1, the LFO process (s35) is executed. The LFO process is a process (vibrato process) of frequency-modulating an F number corresponding to a note number with an LFO waveform. Since the frequency of the LFO is lower than the tone frequency and one frame is short (128 samples), only one value is required for one frame. If there is no need, the process proceeds directly from s34 to s36. s36
Then, the waveform reading from the designated waveform table and the interpolation processing are executed.

The F number is data for designating how fast the specified waveform table should be read in order to generate the musical sound of the note number, and generally includes an integer part and a decimal part.

Here, the waveform reading and interpolation processing operation of s36 will be described with reference to FIG. In this operation, i
Is calculated for one frame (128 samples) of the waveform data of the channel specified by. First, 1 is set to the sample number counter s (s50). Next, the interpolation method is determined with reference to the interpolation method register CD2 (s5).
1). Here, when CD2 = 0, there is no interpolation (when a drum sound without pitch conversion is reproduced). CD2
In the case of = 1, two-point interpolation is performed (when rough interpolation is sufficient), and in the case of CD 2 = 2, four-point interpolation is performed (in the case of a delicate sound in which folding is noticeable).

When there is no interpolation, first, the F number is added to the address of the immediately preceding operation (in this case, the last address generated by reading the waveform of the previous frame of the processing channel) to update the address ( s52). The waveform sample of the waveform table specified by the updated address is read out and set in the RD register (s5).
3). The contents of RD are set in the sample buffer SD (s) (s54). This operation is repeatedly executed from s = 1 to s = 128 (s55, s56). 128
Upon completion of the second process, the process returns to the sound source processing operation (FIG. 7).

In this case, since the decimal part of the address generated by the decimal part of the F number is ignored, this causes aliasing noise. This problem does not occur unless the F number has a decimal part.

When performing two-point interpolation with CD = 1, first, the F number is added to the address of the immediately preceding operation to update the address (s57). At this time, since an address consisting of an integer part and a decimal part is generated, two samples (a sample specified by the address of the integer part and a sample specified by the address of the integer part + 1) sandwiching this address are specified from the specified waveform table. ) Is read out (s5)
8). The data of these two samples is linearly interpolated with the value of the decimal part, and the value is set in the ID register (s59).
The contents of the ID are set in the sample buffer SD (s) (s60). This operation is repeatedly executed from s = 1 to s = 128 (s61, s62). Upon completion of the 128 processes, the process returns to the sound source processing operation (FIG. 7).

When performing four-point interpolation with CD 2 = 2, first, the F number is added to the address of the immediately preceding operation to update the address (s63). At this time, since an address consisting of an integer part and a decimal part is generated, four samples (integer part-
The waveform data of (sample designated by the address of 1, integer part , integer part + 1, integer part + 2) is read (s64).
With respect to a cubic curve passing through the data of these four samples, a value of a point corresponding to a decimal part on the curve is obtained, and the value is referred to as ID
It is set in a register (s65). The contents of the ID are set in the sample buffer SD (s) (s66). This operation is repeatedly executed from s = 1 to s = 128 (s67, s68). Upon completion of the 128 processes, the process returns to the sound source processing operation (FIG. 7).

In FIG. 7, after the waveform reading and interpolation processing, the filter control register CD3 is referred to (s3
6). If CD3 = 0, the process directly proceeds to the volume control / accumulation process (s40) without performing the digital filter process. When CD3 = 1, the sample buffer W
B (SD (1) to SD (128)) is subjected to a primary filter process having a frequency characteristic according to the filter control data (s
38). If CD3 = 2, a secondary filter process having a frequency characteristic according to the filter control data is performed on the value of the sample buffer WB (s39). Thereafter, the operation proceeds to the volume control / accumulation processing operation (s40).

At s40, the sample buffer WB (SD
(1) -SD (128)) based on the amplitude EG and the channel volume parameter, performs volume control to give a volume time change from the rise to the fall of the musical tone. Note that the amplitude EG is generally a gentle curve,
One EG value per eight samples may be used. The value of the level-controlled sample buffer WB is output to the output buffer OB.
(OD (1) to OD (128)). By repeating this addition operation sequentially for each channel having the i-th calculation order, the accumulated value of the tone waveform data of all the channels generated so far is recorded in the output buffer.

Thereafter, it is determined whether or not the processing termination time TL has come (s41). If the time has expired, an abort process is executed (s43). In the truncation processing, a dump waveform for force-dumping a tone waveform of a channel for which waveform data could not be calculated by that time is generated and added to an output buffer.

If the time has not expired, it is determined whether or not the processing has been completed for all the sounding channels (s
42). That is, even if the number of channels that can be sounded is 32, if the number of currently sounding channels is less than that, if the generation process for the currently sounding channel is completed, the process proceeds to s45 or less in the determination of s42. If the processing for all channels that are still sounding has not been completed, 1 is added to i indicating the calculation order (s44), and the process returns to s33.

When the processing for all the channels has been completed or the termination processing has been performed, the process proceeds to s45. In s45, the CPU refers to the effect control register CD4. If CD4 = 0, the process directly proceeds to s48 because no effect is applied. Output buffer OB if CD = 1
After applying a low-pass filter operation in s46 to apply a low-pass filter LPF for cutting the high frequency range of 128 samples, the process proceeds to s48. In the case of CD4 = 2, the reverb operation is performed to perform reverb processing for adding reverberation to 128 samples of the output buffer OB (s4
7) Go to s48.

At s48, the waveform data created and stored in the output buffer OB is reserved for reproduction in the reproduction unit. This reproduction reservation is processing for notifying the storage address in the RAM to the DMA.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the duty ratio / sound generation number display processing (P display processing). First, s
CP used for the entire soft sound source or sound source processing at 71
Calculate U time. The ratio of the calculated time to the total calculation time of the CPU 10 is calculated, and the calculated ratio is displayed on the CPU occupancy display unit 40 as a bar graph (s72). Next, the pronunciation number i
Is displayed on the current pronunciation number display section 39 (s73).

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a display switch event processing routine among other processing. FIG. 7A shows a switch-on event processing routine. Switch 4 displayed on display window 30
If No. 3 is turned on, the value of the data CDx corresponding to the current position of the cursor 32 is set according to the turned on switch (s74). This data CDx is used in the sound source processing operation.

In the first embodiment, the cursor 32
Is selected from among the LFO on / off display section 33, the interpolation setting display section 34, the digital filter setting display section 35, and the effect setting display section 36 on the control screen shown in FIG. It is movable to a position. In response to the operation of the value switch 43, the cursor 3
2, the value of data CD1 in the LFO on / off display section 33, the data CD in the interpolation setting display section 34, the data CD in the digital filter setting display section 35, and the data CD4 in the effect setting display section 36. Are changed respectively.

FIG. 11B is a flowchart showing the duty ratio switch-on event processing operation. When the duty ratio switch 44 is turned on, the data DR is increased or decreased according to the turned on switch, and the display of the dotted line 40b of the CPU occupancy display unit 40 is changed accordingly (s75).

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing another application example of the present invention. This flowchart is another example (second embodiment) of the sound source processing. First, the cutoff time of the sound source processing operation is calculated (s81). The cutoff time TL (time limit) is the same as in the case of FIG. 7; TL = ST + FL × DR-US-AS ST: Start time of the current playback frame FL: Frame time length (length of one entire frame) DR: Duty The ratio US is calculated by the following processing time (time required for aborting processing (force dump)) AS: post-processing time (time required to pass control to another processing).

Next, channel control is performed (s82). The channel control is a process of setting the calculation order of the 32 channels so that the calculation is performed first on the channel with the highest priority. After that, three independent output buffers OB
In addition to clearing 1, OB2 and OB3, 1 is set to a pointer i indicating the calculation order (s83), and the waveform data calculation processing (s84 to s92) is executed.

First, waveform data calculation preparation processing such as setting an address in the tone generator register of the i-th channel is executed (s84). Next, the sampling frequency control register CD5 is determined (s85). If CD5 = 2, the process proceeds to s88 to form waveform data of one frame (128 samples) as it is, and performs waveform data calculation processing for 128 samples, and adds the result to OB2. CD5
If = 1, one frame is formed with half accuracy (double period sampling clock: 64 samples).
Proceeding to s87, the arithmetic processing of the waveform data for 64 samples is performed and added to OB1. If CD5 = 0, one frame is formed with a precision of 1/4 (sampling clock of 4 times cycle: 32 samples). Add to OB0.

Here, the value of the data CD5 may be set as data CD5 (i) independent of each channel in accordance with the music part of the musical tone to be generated when each channel is sounded, or vice versa. Alternatively, one value CD5 may be used for the entire software sound source.

For example, when one value is set, the cursor is placed on the sampling frequency setting display section 37 in the control screen of FIG. According to one set data CD5, the branch in s85 is performed, and the corresponding processing is performed.

On the other hand, in the case of each music part, for example, the data CD5 is set for each MIDI channel as each music part. That is, the player prior to playing, specifies the MIDI channel 1 from 16, to set the corresponding value of the data CD5 ₁ ～CD5 ₁₆ for each part. When the note-on event is input and the note-on event process of FIG. 6 is executed, the data of the same channel corresponding to the part t to which the event was sent is written in the writing process of the tone generator register of ich executed in step s23. CD5 (i) may be set in the tone generator register. That is, the data CD5t set in the part t is transferred to the data CD5 of the tone generator register of the assigned sounding channel i.
5 (i). By the above processing, the data CD5 (i) is set for each sounding channel i, and based on that, the branch of step s85 is performed independently for each sounding channel.

Next, the tone characteristics controlled by the data CD5 will be described. In the sound source processing of FIG.
By the branch of 5, the number of waveform samples generated as a waveform for one frame in each sounding channel changes. The larger the number of samples generated for one frame in each sounding channel, the longer it takes to process that channel. That is, there is a correlation between the number of generated samples and the processing time. In this embodiment, the number of frames generated per second is fixed (4
8k / 128 = 375 frames), and a change in the number of generated samples per frame corresponds to a change in the number of generated samples per second (referred to as equivalent sampling frequency).
The equivalent sampling frequency corresponds to the substantial sampling frequency of the generated musical tone, and according to the sampling theorem, the generated musical tone has a frequency component equal to or less than half of the equivalent sampling frequency. That is, the higher the equivalent sampling frequency, the higher the quality (sound quality) of the generated musical sound. Each has an equivalent sampling frequency of 48 kHz
(CD5 = 2), 24 kHz (CD5 = 1), 12 kHz
z (CD5 = 0).

Thereafter, it is determined whether or not the processing termination time TL has come (s89). When it is time to stop, a stop process is executed (s91). The truncation process is a process of generating a waveform for force-dumping a tone waveform of a channel for which waveform data could not be calculated, and adding the waveform to an output buffer.

If the time has not expired, it is determined whether or not the processing has been completed for all the sounding channels (s
90). If the processing for all channels that are still sounding is not completed, 1 is added to i (s92), and s84
Return to

If the processing for all the channels has been completed or the termination processing has been performed, the flow advances to s93. s
In 93, the contents of the output buffer OB0 are 128-sampled by oversampling by four times to obtain OB2
And the contents of the output buffer OB1 are 128 times sampled by oversampling by two times and added to OB2. Thereafter, reverb processing is performed on the waveform data stored in the buffer OB2 (s94), and the output buffer O to which the reverb effect is added is output.
The reproduction of the waveform data of B2 is reserved in the reproducing unit (s95).

By the above operation, the tone waveform can be generated by changing the sampling frequency by setting the CD5, and the tone waveform can be generated according to the capability of the CPU 10.

In the third embodiment of the present invention, the maximum number of sounds of the software sound source is limited to a value equal to or less than 32 as the data CD6 and is set in advance. The change may be made so as to be performed depending on whether or not the current number of sounds has reached the limited number of sounds. That is, in this embodiment, the player sets the maximum number of sounds CD6 by the maximum number of sounds setting section 38 in FIG. Is used to generate musical tones. In this case, the occupation rate (duty ratio) of the CPU 10 can be limited by the number of sounds.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention, the duty ratio DR set by the player makes the C
It controls the upper limit of the ratio of the capability that can be used for processing the soft sound source among the computing capabilities of the PU. On the other hand, in the third embodiment of the present invention, the maximum number of musical tones generated by the soft sound source is limited by the maximum number of sounds CD6 set by the player. In any of the embodiments, the number of musical tones generated by the soft sound source changes. However, the change is only in the sound source processing s8 for generating a waveform, and the change is performed by an external program, for example, a sound generation assignment process. Is not alive.

Therefore, in the fourth embodiment, when executing the note-on event processing of a sound source having a variable number of simultaneous sounds, the mode of allocation of the sound generation allocating process s21 is changed according to the current number of simultaneous sounds. That is, in step s21 of the note-on event processing, first, the number of simultaneous tones obtained by converting the CPU operation capacity corresponding to the data DR, or
The data CD6 is received, and the received data is assigned as a maximum number of sounds MP. The number PN of the channels currently sounding in the tone generator register is the data (M
In the case of P-1) or less, a vacant channel is set as an assigned channel, and when the data is larger than the data MP, the excess (PN-MP + 1) mute channels are determined from the available channels and a mute instruction is given to the channel. , And one free channel is reserved and used as an assigned channel. In this process, since the pronunciation is assigned according to the current number of pronunciations, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of noise due to too many pronunciations and the inability to make full use of the ability to produce sounds with a small number of assignments. The number of simultaneous sounds of the sound source changes rapidly with the passage of time when the processing amount per channel changes due to the switching of the timbre, or when the data DR and CD6 are changed during the performance, as described above. If the number of simultaneous sounds from the sound source is obtained at the time of sounding assignment in a note-on event or the like, this can be dealt with. This method is applicable not only to soft sound sources but also to all sound sources whose maximum number of sounds changes according to the situation.

In the above embodiment, the digital filter DCF is set on / off for the entire soft sound source. However, the setting may be performed for each tone color part and each sound channel. That is, a digital filter setting register CD3 (i) may be provided for each tone color part and each tone channel i so that it can be turned on / off in the setting mode of each tone color part and tone channel. In the sound source process (FIG. 7), the branching process s37 is performed for each sound channel, so that the corresponding process is easy. Similarly, other data CD1, CD2, etc. may be set for each tone color part and each sounding channel.

When a rhythm sound is to be generated, CD2 = 0 (no interpolation) is usually set because there is no need for pitch conversion. However, when tuning to another instrument is desired, CD2 = 1. The pitch control may be performed as follows.

In this embodiment, the MIDI event processing is not included in the calculation of the duty ratio control.
In the I-event processing, the software sound source may be included in the calculation of the duty ratio control as a side operation.

Since the display of the CPU power and the number of sounds may fluctuate at a high speed, the display may be smoothed for easy viewing.

Not only external MIDI reception, but also MIDI events reproduced by an automatic performance program executed by the computer itself, or sounding instructions generated by game software or the like may be used as the performance input of the software sound source.

As described in the above embodiment, the software sound source of the present invention may be executed by a general-purpose computer equipped with an OS such as Windows, but is not limited thereto. Control CP inside an electronic musical instrument with musical instruments or a sound source module without musical performance controls
You may make U execute. In this case, it is possible to reduce or omit the sound source unit conventionally configured by an electronic circuit. Also, the hardware sound source unit and the soft sound source may be used together.

In the effector control of this embodiment, one of three effects, no effect, low-pass filter, and reverb processing is selected according to the value of the data CD4. That is, it is possible to selectively apply effects having different effects, such as a low-pass filter and a reverb process. Alternatively, it can be regarded as selecting an effect that requires a different amount of calculation for processing. With regard to the selection of this effect, a mode other than the above-described embodiment can be considered. For example, one effect may be selected from a plurality of effect programs that are the same type of effect but differ in the effect processing grade and the amount of calculation required for the effect. That is, if the grade of the effect is increased, the amount of computation that can be used for other effects decreases accordingly, and the number of channels that can be generated simultaneously decreases. By setting the CD4, the player can balance the number of simultaneous sounds and the effect grade according to the music to be played.

The flow of the temporal processing of the soft sound source shown in FIG. 2 is one example, and the size of the frame,
The temporal relationship between the performance input, the generation operation, and the read / reproduction is not limited to this diagram. For example, the time switching positions of the time frames of the performance input, the generation calculation, and the read / reproduction may be different. Further, although the time interval of one frame is a fixed length, the time interval may be different for each frame. However, a feature of the embodiment of the present invention is that a plurality of waveform samples are generated in the time direction by one sound source processing.

[0088]

According to the first , second, and thirteenth and fourteenth aspects of the present invention, the necessary characteristic control processing is designated by the setting information and unnecessary characteristic control processing is deleted, so that the musical sound control suitable for the musical sound waveform is achieved. On the other hand, the amount of calculation is reduced by eliminating unnecessary processing, so that it is possible to increase the number of tones and perform processing other than tone generation.

According to claims 3 to 6, and claims 15 to 18,
According to the description, the calculation of the musical tone waveform
Given by controlling the total amount of computation
Music waveforms can be generated within the range of arithmetic
Operation is broken even if it is executed as one of
There is no failure.

According to the seventh and nineteenth aspects of the present invention,
Controls the accuracy of tone waveform generation calculations based on calculation accuracy information
The computational power and pronunciation given
Optimal calculation accuracy according to the number, that is,
Calculation amount can be selected.

According to the twelfth and twenty-fourth aspects ,
This is one of the CPU multi-jobs (soft sound source)
Can be executed, and even in that case, the given CP
The software sound source itself controls the operation according to U time
Operation that does not fail and that makes the most of the CPU
It can be carried out.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a microcomputer device to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a temporal flow of a musical sound generation process of a soft sound source operated by the microcomputer device.

FIG. 3 is a view for explaining a memory area set in a RAM when the software sound source is executed.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a screen displayed when the software sound source is executed.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the software sound source.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the software sound source.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the software sound source.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the software sound source.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the software sound source.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the operation of the software sound source.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing another operation example of the soft sound source.

[Explanation of symbols]

10-CPU, 12-RAM, 14-CD-ROM, 1
5-MIDI interface, 18-DMA, 19-D
AC, 20-sound system, 30-control panel window, 33-38-setting display section, 39-current tone number display section, 40-duty ratio display section, 44-duty ratio switch

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code Fig10H 7/00 521T (56) References JP-A-9-97084 (JP, A) JP-A-9-6364 (JP, A) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 2-179697 (JP, A) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-165480 (JP, A) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 64-77092 (JP, A) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 63-172196 (JP, A) (JP, A) JP-A-63-88646 (JP, A) JP-A-64-46138 (JP, A) JP-A-4-58291 (JP, A) JP-A-7-181969 (JP, A) ( 58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G10H 1/00-7/12

Claims (24)

(57) [Claims] A performance information receiving step of receiving performance information for instructing generation of a musical tone waveform; a setting information receiving step of receiving setting information for setting characteristics of the musical tone waveform to increase or decrease a calculation amount of the musical tone waveform generation; A generation process of generating a musical tone waveform of a musical tone in a sounding state according to the performance information by executing, by a CPU, an arithmetic process controlled by the setting information at predetermined intervals; and outputting the generated musical tone waveform. The setting information is obtained by adding or deleting a plurality of characteristic control processes in generating a musical tone waveform for one musical tone.
A tone generation method for changing the processing time of the CPU required for generating a tone for a tone, wherein the generation step is a step of executing only arithmetic processing of a tone that is in a sounding state according to the performance information. 2. The setting information receiving step includes, as the setting information, (1) ON / OFF of LFO (2) ON / OFF of interpolation and / or type of interpolation (3) ON / OFF of filter and / or 2. The method for generating a musical sound according to claim 1, wherein the step of receiving comprises at least one of: (4) effect on / off and / or effector type (5) sampling frequency. 3. A process of receiving a plurality of performance information, wherein a plurality of musical tone waveforms corresponding to the plurality of performance information are generated by executing a waveform calculation process corresponding to the plurality of performance information at predetermined intervals. Generating a musical tone waveform, and outputting the generated musical sound waveform, and having a step of receiving restriction information, wherein the generating step includes a step of performing a waveform calculation process according to the plurality of pieces of performance information for each of the predetermined periods. A method for generating a musical sound, wherein the total amount of operation is limited by the restriction information. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising the step of displaying the restriction information. 5. The musical sound generating method according to claim 3, wherein the generation step is a step of limiting the total amount of calculation by limiting the number of pieces of performance information on which waveform calculation processing is performed. 6. The generation step is a step of, when starting a waveform calculation process corresponding to new performance information, limiting the total calculation amount by limiting the number of pieces of performance information to be subjected to the waveform calculation process. 3. The tone generation method according to 3. 7. A step of receiving a plurality of pieces of performance information, wherein a plurality of tone waveforms corresponding to the plurality of pieces of performance information are generated by performing a waveform calculation process according to the plurality of pieces of performance information at predetermined intervals. generation process, the process of outputting the generated the sound waveform, which has a process of receiving the operation accuracy information has a step of displaying information relating to the calculation accuracy information, the generating process, the calculation accuracy information that Based on the plurality
Tone generating method, characterized in that by controlling the precision of waveform processing in accordance with the performance information, a process that limits the total amount of computation of the waveform calculation process corresponding to the plurality of performance data. 8. The musical tone generating method according to claim 7, wherein the generating step is a step of controlling a total amount of calculation of the waveform arithmetic processing by controlling a time required for generating one musical tone. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating step includes generating the musical tone waveform of a musical tone in a sounding state according to the performance information by executing the waveform arithmetic processing by a CPU at predetermined intervals. 9. The musical tone generating method according to claim 3, wherein only the waveform calculation processing of the musical tone that is in a sound emitting state according to the performance information is executed. 10. The musical tone according to claim 1, further comprising a step of displaying a total operation amount of the waveform arithmetic processing and a number of musical tones generated as a result of the waveform arithmetic processing. How it occurs. 11. The generation process, every predetermined period, the tone generating method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is the process of generating collectively tone waveform of the predetermined period of time. 12. The tone generating method according to claim 1, wherein the tone generating method is realized as one of a plurality of programs executed by a CPU in parallel in a computer. 13. Performance information receiving means for receiving performance information for instructing generation of a musical tone waveform, and setting information receiving means for receiving setting information for setting characteristics of the musical tone waveform and increasing / decreasing a calculation amount of the musical tone waveform generation. Generating means for generating a musical tone waveform of a musical tone in a sounding state in accordance with the performance information by executing, by a CPU, an arithmetic process controlled by the setting information at predetermined intervals; and the generated musical tone. Means for outputting a waveform, wherein the setting information is obtained by adding or deleting a plurality of characteristic control processes in generating a musical tone waveform for one musical tone.
A tone generating apparatus for changing a processing time of the CPU required for generating a musical tone for a musical tone, wherein the generating means is a means for executing only arithmetic processing of a musical tone in a sounding state according to the performance information. 14. The setting information receiving means, as the setting information, (1) LFO on / off (2) interpolation on / off and / or type of interpolation (3) filter on / off and / or 14. A means for receiving at least one of the following: filter type (4) effect on / off and / or effector type (5) sampling frequency.
The tone generator according to any one of the preceding claims. 15. A means for receiving a plurality of pieces of performance information, and performing a waveform calculation process according to the plurality of pieces of performance information at predetermined intervals to generate a plurality of tone waveforms corresponding to the plurality of pieces of performance information. Generating means for generating, and means for outputting the generated musical sound waveform, and having means for receiving restriction information, wherein the generating means has a waveform corresponding to the plurality of pieces of performance information for each of the predetermined periods. A tone generating apparatus, characterized in that it is means for restricting the total operation amount of the arithmetic processing by the restriction information. 16. The tone generator according to claim 15, further comprising: means for displaying the restriction information. 17. The musical sound generating apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said generating means is a means for limiting the total amount of calculation by limiting the number of pieces of performance information for which waveform calculation processing is performed. 18. The generator according to claim 1, wherein when the waveform calculation processing corresponding to the new performance information is started, the total calculation amount is limited by limiting the number of pieces of performance information to be subjected to the waveform calculation processing. 16. The tone generator according to 15. 19. A means for receiving a plurality of performance information, every predetermined period, by executing the waveform calculating process corresponding to the plurality of performance information, a plurality of musical tone waveform corresponding to the plurality of performance information Generating means for generating; and means for outputting the generated musical tone waveform; means for receiving operation accuracy information ; and means for displaying information relating to the operation accuracy information ; and , the plurality based on the calculation accuracy information
Musical tone generating apparatus characterized in that the by controlling the precision of waveform processing in accordance with the performance information, a means for limiting the total amount of computation of the waveform calculation process corresponding to the plurality of performance information. 20. The musical sound generating apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said generating means is means for controlling a time required for generating a musical sound for one sound, thereby controlling an entire operation amount of the waveform arithmetic processing. 21. The generating means generates a musical tone waveform of a musical tone in a sound emitting state according to the performance information by executing the waveform arithmetic processing by a CPU at predetermined intervals. 2. A means for executing only arithmetic processing of a musical tone in a sound emitting state according to performance information.
The musical sound generator according to any one of claims 5 to 20. 22. The tone generator according to claim 13, further comprising means for displaying a total operation amount of the waveform operation processing and a number of musical tones generated as a result of the waveform operation processing. 23. The musical sound generating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said generating means is means for collectively generating a musical tone waveform in a period of said predetermined period for each predetermined period. 24. The tone generator according to claim 13, wherein the tone generator is implemented as one of a computer and a plurality of programs executed by a CPU of the computer in parallel.