JP2992550B2 - Building material and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a building material made of a compressed wood material obtained by heating and compressing a wood material and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional compressed wood material is manufactured by humidifying and heating a wood material in a wet state or in a steam atmosphere to obtain a high water content and high temperature state, and then heating and compressing the wood material.

[0003] The above prior art is to obtain a compressed wood material by heating and compressing the wood material at a high temperature in the presence of a large amount of water in the wood material, and to soften wood components such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In particular, for hemicellulose and lignin, which are non-crystalline components, water largely acts as a plasticizer to lower their softening temperatures to about 60 ° C., respectively, and to perform heat compression while increasing the plasticity of wood. is there.

[0004]

However, in the case of the prior art in which a wooden material is heated and compressed in a high water content state,
The high steam pressure of water present inside the wood material acts as a force to restore the compressed state when the pressure is released, and it is difficult to maintain the compressed state in combination with the springback phenomenon due to the pressure release. .

[0005] Particularly, in the case of wood materials having a low specific gravity,
Although compression is easily performed, puncturing (delamination) may occur due to the instantaneous release of the high vapor pressure of water when the compression is released.

In order to prevent the effect of high steam pressure, cooling may be considered while maintaining the compression-compressed state, but it is not practical because productivity is extremely low and cost is greatly increased.

[0007] Further, even if the compressed state can be maintained, the wood material is compressed over the entire wood material in a high water content state, so that the wood material has a high specific gravity. This means that the volume is reduced by maintaining the compressed state,
This means lower product yields and significantly higher costs.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a new building material and a method for manufacturing the same, which can solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.

That is, in the building material according to the present invention, the front and back surfaces of the wood board whose water content has been adjusted to the fiber saturation point or lower have a non-crystalline structure at a water content lower than the cellulose softening point temperature and the water content after the water content adjustment. A high specific gravity layer compressed by heating and compressing at a temperature equal to or higher than the softening point temperature of the component is provided, and a resin layer is provided at least on the surface of the high specific gravity layer on the surface thereof, and further on the surface of the resin layer. It is characterized in that a colored coating layer is provided.

[0010]

Further, in the method for producing a building material according to the present invention, the wood board whose water content has been adjusted to a fiber saturation point or lower is adjusted to a temperature lower than the softening point temperature of cellulose which is a crystal component of the wood board and the water content adjustment is performed. By heating and compressing at a temperature equal to or higher than the softening point temperature of the amorphous component in the moisture content after that, by decompressing and cooling, a high specific gravity layer is formed on each of the front and back surfaces of the wooden board, which is compressed by heating and compression. Then, a resin is formed on the surface of the high specific gravity layer by applying and curing a resin on at least the high specific gravity layer on the surface thereof, and further, a colored coating is formed by applying a colored coating on the surface of the resin layer. It is characterized in that a film layer is formed.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Wood materials include sawn or glued wood, laminated veneer, plywood, particle board, and the like.
A processing material such as a fiberboard is used.

As these wood materials, both softwood materials and hardwood materials can be used. In particular, soft wood materials and low specific gravity wood materials are suitably used.

Wood materials have a water content below the fiber saturation point,
Preferably, it is adjusted to 35% or less. For this reason, when a sawn timber is used as a wood material, it is obtained by drying the sawn timber before sawing, or turning it into a sawn timber without drying. When a processed material is used, the water content is adjusted to a fiber saturation point or lower during the manufacturing process.

The wood material whose moisture content has been adjusted to be below the fiber saturation point is placed between the hot plates of a hot press apparatus equipped with a thickness regulating jig (generally called a distance bar) for regulating the distance between the upper and lower hot plates. insert.

The thickness regulating jig attached between the hot plates at the time of heating and compression is assumed to have a thickness substantially equal to the thickness of the finally obtained compressed wood material, and the compression ratio of the wood material is 5%. It is preferable that the content is provided so as to be 40%, more preferably 8 to 35%. In other words, a thickness regulating jig having a thickness of 60 to 95%, more preferably 65 to 92% of the thickness of the wooden material is suitably used.

If the compression ratio of the wood material is less than 5%, the compression on both the front and back surfaces becomes insufficient, and the strength required as a high specific gravity layer cannot be obtained. Conversely, the compression ratio is 40%
When the compression ratio exceeds, the compression of both front and back surfaces is performed sufficiently to obtain the necessary strength as a high specific gravity layer, but the overall specific gravity increases, causing weight increase, and reducing the volume by giving an excessive compression ratio That is, it is not preferable because the loss of the raw material increases, the yield decreases, and the cost increases.

The compression ratio of the wood material is within the above range,
It can be arbitrarily selected according to the type of wood, specific gravity, hardness of the front and back surfaces to be obtained, and the like, and a thickness regulating jig is set according to the selected compression ratio.

The pressing time and the pressing pressure are arbitrarily set in accordance with the type of wood material to be used, the tree species, the specific gravity of the wood itself, the softness, and the like. The pressure is preferably 5 to 25 kg / cm ² .

The hot pressing of the wooden material in the hot press apparatus is performed by setting the hot pressing temperature at a temperature not higher than the softening point temperature of cellulose, which is a crystalline component of the wooden material, and the amorphous component in the water content after the adjustment of the water content. (Hemicellulose, lignin) is performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the softening point temperature.

In the wood material heated and compressed between the upper and lower hot plates of the hot press apparatus, the heat of the hot plate is transmitted to the front and back portions, and heat softening and compression by the compressive force progress in the front and back portions. Is adjusted to a moisture content below the fiber saturation point, the heat transfer moves into the interior at a relatively slow rate, so that only the front and back portions of the wood are prematurely compressed.

The softening point temperature of cellulose, which is a crystalline component in woody materials, is slightly different depending on tree species, but is generally about 20%.
The temperature is 0 to 250 ° C., and is substantially constant irrespective of the water content of the wood material. On the other hand, the softening points of hemicellulose and lignin, which are the non-crystalline components of the wood, vary greatly depending on the moisture content of the wood, and the softening points of the hemicellulose and lignin in the dry state are about 180 ° C. and about 150 ° C., respectively. ° C, but both have a softening point of 60 ° C at a water content of 35%, which is the fiber saturation point of wood.
It drops to near. Therefore, in the present invention using a wood material having a water content adjusted to a fiber saturation point or lower, by hot-pressing at a temperature equal to or higher than the softening point of cellulose, cellulose as a crystalline component is softened at the same time as a non-crystalline component. Some hemicellulose and lignin also soften and melt.

After performing the heating and compression as described above, decompression and cooling are performed. As described above, since the temperature of the wooden material itself does not increase as a whole even at the time of hot pressing, it is easily and quickly cooled by the subsequent decompression.

In addition, the hot pressing temperature is not higher than the softening point of cellulose, which is a crystalline component of wood, and not lower than the softening point of non-crystalline components (hemicellulose, lignin) in the water content after the adjustment of the water content. Because it is a temperature, fibrous cellulose remains in the wood tissue of the wood material in a state of compression deformation without thermal softening,
The hemicellulose and lignin softened and melted at the time of hot pressing act as an adhesive to the cellulose, minimizing the springback of the wood material due to decompression after hot pressing, and high specific gravity compressed on both front and back surfaces A layer is formed.

The hardness of the high specific gravity layer on the front and back of the wood
1.5 in the wood hardness test method according to Z-2007
It is preferably at least kgf / mm ² . As a result, the impact resistance of the surface is sufficient and it is hard to be scratched, improving the bending strength of the material itself and improving the dimensional stability as a wood material by reducing the hydrophobicity, swelling rate and water absorption rate Let it. In addition, the numerical value of the hardness by the said test method is measured in the state which each high specific gravity layer was exposed to the outer surface by grinding etc.

In the heat compression of the wood material, in order to improve the smoothness of the high specific gravity layer and to make the thickness of the compressed wood material uniform, the temperature of the wood material is reduced once after hot pressing. It is also possible to adopt a two-stage hot-pressing method in which the material is cooled while it is at a high temperature or to room temperature, and then hot-pressing is performed again.

When the two-stage hot pressing is performed, the same thickness regulating jig is used in a hot press apparatus used for the two hot pressings, and the wood material is spring-backed after the first hot pressing. The returned part can be repressed by the second hot pressing.

Alternatively, in the first hot pressing apparatus, the material is hot-pressed using a thickness regulating jig thicker than the thickness of the wood material to be finally obtained. By using a thickness regulating jig having the same thickness as the thickness of the wood material to be obtained, the return by springback may be suppressed.

Further, if necessary, water may be applied to the surface or the front and back surfaces of the wood material after the first heat-pressing to adjust the water content of the surface layer, and then the second heat-pressing may be performed. Can be. The surface portion of the wood material becomes absolutely dry by the first heat-pressing. However, by applying water after the first heat-pressing to increase the water content of the surface portion, the wood material can be dried. Plasticity can be imparted to the surface layer to facilitate compression.

After obtaining a compressed material having a high specific gravity layer compressed on both front and back surfaces of a wooden material by heat compression in this manner, a resin is applied to at least the high specific gravity layer on the surface.

The resin to be applied is a phenol resin,
A resin such as a urea resin, a melamine resin, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a vinyl acetate resin, an acrylic resin, a fluororesin, an alkyd resin, or a modified product thereof is used alone or in an arbitrary mixture. Further, a paint obtained by using such a resin as a coating film forming element may be used.

The resin applied to the high specific gravity layer is partially impregnated in the high specific gravity layer and dried and cured by heating or heating and pressing to form a resin layer. Thereby, the high specific gravity layer is stably fixed, the hydrophobicity of the surface is improved, the swelling rate and the water absorption rate are reduced, and the compression rate does not return,
Improve dimensional stability.

In applying the resin, fine grooves can be formed on the surface of the high specific gravity layer of the compression material by wire brushing, sanding, or the like, if necessary. By forming fine grooves on the surface of the high specific gravity layer, the impregnation of the resin is promoted through an increase in the surface area of the high specific gravity layer, and the adhesion of the resin layer is improved by its anchoring effect.

Further, a colored paint is applied to the surface of the resin layer and dried to form a colored coating layer. For coloring paints,
A transparent or opaque resin paint such as an amino alkyd resin paint, an acrylic resin paint, a urethane resin paint, a polyester resin paint, etc., which is optionally colored, can be used. Such a colored paint is applied once or arbitrarily multiple times. To form a colored coating layer.

As described above, the high specific gravity layers 2 and 2 which are respectively compressed by heating and compression are provided on the front and back surfaces of the wood material whose water content has been adjusted to the fiber saturation point or lower, and the high specific gravity of at least the surface thereof. A resin material 3 is provided on the surface of the layer, and a colored coating layer 4 is further provided on the surface of the resin layer 3, thereby obtaining a building material 1 of the present invention (FIG. 1). Needless to say, the resin layer 3 and the colored coating layer 4 may be formed on the surface layers of the high specific gravity layers 2 and 2 on the front and back, respectively.

If necessary, pattern printing, transparent overcoating, etc. can be applied on the colored coating layer.

[0037]

According to the present invention, a high specific gravity layer is formed on each of the front and back surfaces of the wooden material and the center in the thickness direction without increasing the overall specific gravity, so that the bending strength and the surface smoothness are reduced while being lightweight. Since the properties and surface hardness are improved and the balance between the front and back is maintained, a building material which does not generate warpage or twist can be obtained.

The high specific gravity layers formed on the front and back surfaces of the wooden material are formed by softening cellulose, which is a crystalline component of the wooden material, and compressing after hemicellulose and lignin, which are non-crystalline components, are softened and melted. Because it is formed by hardening, it becomes a hydrophobic film, and combined with the reduction of hydrophilicity by compression, the swelling rate and water absorption rate can be reduced, greatly improving the dimensional stability of wood materials Let it.

Further, since the resin layer is formed at least on the surface of the high specific gravity layer on the surface, the high specific gravity layer is stably fixed, and the dimensional stability is further improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a building material according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Building material 2 High specific gravity layer 3 Resin layer 4 Colored coating layer

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] The present invention relates to a wood board having a water content adjusted to a fiber saturation point or lower, wherein each of the front and rear surfaces has a softening point temperature of cellulose or lower and a softening point temperature of an amorphous component or higher in the water content after the water content adjustment. A high specific gravity layer compressed by heating and compressing at a temperature is provided, and a resin layer is provided at least on the surface of the high specific gravity layer on the surface thereof, and a colored coating layer is provided on the surface of the resin layer. Building materials characterized by the following. 2. The softening of a non-crystalline component in a wood board having a water content adjusted to a fiber saturation point or lower at a temperature not higher than the softening point temperature of cellulose which is a crystalline component of the wood board and after the water content adjustment. By heating and compressing at a temperature equal to or higher than the point temperature, and then decompressing and cooling, a high specific gravity layer compressed by heat compression is formed on each of the front and back surfaces of the wooden board. Forming a resin layer on the surface layer of the high specific gravity layer by applying and curing a resin, and further forming a colored coating layer by applying a colored coating on the surface of the resin layer. Manufacturing method of building materials.