JP2989381B2 - Air cooling equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a large flow rate cooling system for cooling the intake air of a gas turbine, an FDF or the like, or the air supply of a fan coil unit for air conditioning, using cold or supercooled ice such as LNG or a turbo refrigerator refrigerant. Related to air cooling equipment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When cooling the intake air of a gas turbine, that is, the air at the inlet of an air compressor, the flow rate increases in inverse proportion to the absolute temperature, and the compression work decreases in proportion. Therefore, the output of the gas turbine increases and the efficiency improves.

[0003] Intake cooling of a gas turbine is conventionally performed by supplying cold water to a heat exchanger. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the gas turbine intake duct (1)
Cold water is supplied to the counter-flow heat exchanger (2) installed in
The air flowing into the gas turbine is cooled by the direct heat exchange. In this case, the gas turbine intake air temperature is shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), the temperature decreases from T _A1 to T _A2 , and the cold water temperature increases from T _C1 to T _C2 .

[0004]

Since the conventional air cooling is performed by sensible heat of water, the required amount of cooling water is large and the logarithmic average temperature difference relating to heat exchange is small.
A heat exchanger with a large heat transfer area was required. That is, the heat transfer amount is Q (kcal / h), and the heat transfer rate is K (kcal / m ² h).
° C), logarithmic average temperature difference θ _m (° C), and heat transfer area F (m
² ), F had to be increased because θ _m was small in the following equation.

[0005]

(Equation 1)

[0006] In the conventional air cooling, the heat exchanger is large and expensive, and in addition, the pressure loss of the gas turbine intake is large.

[0007]

The present invention takes the following measures in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems. 1) a plurality of evaporative heat transfer tubes arranged in the air duct, the upper end communicating with the gas-liquid separation drum or the upper drum, the lower end communicating with the lower drum, a circulation pump for supplying circulating water to the lower drum, A condenser having therein a heat transfer tube communicating with a vapor layer of the separation drum or the upper drum and flowing a fluid of 0 ° C. or lower, a water spray device for spraying pressurized cold water to an upper portion inside the condenser, An air cooling system comprising: a bleeding vacuum pump for reducing the pressure in the vessel.

2) A plurality of evaporative heat transfer tubes arranged in the air duct, the upper end communicating with the gas-liquid separation drum, the lower end communicating with the lower drum, a circulation pump for supplying circulating water to the lower drum, Communicates with the vapor layer of the separation drum,
A condenser having supercooled ice floated on the internal water surface, a water spray device for spraying pressurized cold water to an upper portion inside the condenser, and a bleeding vacuum pump for depressurizing the inside of the condenser are provided. Characterized air cooling equipment. 3) In addition to the requirement of the above 1) or 2), air is characterized in that a suction nozzle for sucking steam in the gas-liquid separation drum with cold water pressurized by a cold water pump is attached to the condenser. Cooling equipment.

[0009]

The circulating water sent to the lower drum by the circulating pump removes the heat of the air flowing through the air duct by the evaporative heat transfer tube, evaporates, and flows into the gas-liquid separation drum or the upper drum. The steam separated by the gas-liquid separation drum or the steam flowing into the upper drum is sent to a condenser. This vapor comes into contact with the water sprayed in the upper part of the condenser and partially condenses, and is further cooled and condensed by a heat transfer tube through which a fluid of 0 ° C. or lower flows or supercooled ice floating on the water surface. When a heat transfer tube is used, static ice is iced on its surface.

The latent heat of condensation of steam is removed by the latent heat of melting of ice and the sensible heat of water spray. The vacuum in the condenser is maintained by a bleed vacuum pump. The logarithmic average temperature difference is increased by the vacuum holding, and the cooling heat is increased by utilizing the latent heat, and the required cooling water amount is significantly reduced as compared with the conventional case.

When the steam in the gas-liquid separation drum is sucked by the suction nozzle provided in the condenser by the cold water pressurized by the cold water pump, the cold water comes into direct contact with the steam in the nozzle to condense the steam. Therefore, the suction and condensation of the vapor are further promoted.

[0012]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the condenser (7) in FIG. In the figure, (1) is an intake duct of a gas turbine (not shown), (3)
Is a plurality of evaporative heat transfer tubes arranged in the intake duct (1), the upper end communicating with the gas-liquid separation drum (4) and the lower end communicating with the lower drum (5). (6) is a circulation pump for circulating the water in the gas-liquid separation drum (4) to the lower drum (5).

(7) is a condenser whose upper part communicates with the vapor layer in the gas-liquid separation drum (4). In the condenser (7), 0 ° C. from the LNG vaporizer (13) is provided. A direct expansion pipe (8) through which the following refrigerant flows is arranged. Inside the condenser (7), a water sprinkling device (9) and a steam suction nozzle (10) are provided at the upper part. The sprinkler (9) and the suction nozzle (10) are provided with a liquid pool (1) at the lower part of the condenser (7).
The condensed water in 2) is supplied under pressure by a cold water pump (15). The water pressurized by the cold water pump (15) is also supplied to the gas-liquid separation drum (4). (1
6) is an extraction vacuum pump for reducing the pressure in the condenser (7).

The circulating water supplied to the lower drum (5) by the circulating pump (6) removes heat of the gas turbine intake air in the evaporative heat transfer tube (3) under vacuum to evaporate, and the gas-liquid separation drum (4). ). The water separated by the gas-liquid separation drum (4) is sent again by the circulation pump (6) to the evaporative heat transfer tube (3) via the lower drum (5), and the steam is sent to the condenser (7) acting as ice heat storage equipment. Sent.

The vapor guided to the condenser (7) is cooled and condensed in the direct expansion pipe (8) through which the refrigerant coming from the LNG vaporizer (13) flows, flows down, and flows down to the liquid pool at the bottom of the condenser (7). It accumulates as condensed water in 12). Also, a part of the cold water pressurized by the cold water pump (15) is sprayed from the water spray device (9) above the condenser (7) as condensation promoting water, so that the steam is also condensed by direct cooling with these. I do.

As shown in FIG. 2, static ice is iced on the surface of the direct expansion tube (8) disposed above the water surface of the liquid reservoir (12). That is, the latent heat of condensation of the steam is removed by the latent heat of melting of the ice and the sensible heat of the water spray, and the surface of the ice is melted by the steam and the water spray, so that the ice adheres stably to a thickness balanced with the cooling amount of the direct expansion tube.

The vacuum in the condenser (7) and the evaporative heat transfer tube (2) is maintained by a bleed vacuum pump (16). FIG.
As shown in (b), when the vacuum is set to 0.0101 at, the saturation temperature is 7 ° C., and when the vacuum is set to 0.00623 at, the saturation temperature is 0 ° C., and the logarithmic average temperature difference is significantly larger than that in the conventional case. And about 20kc using conventional sensible heat of about 20 ° C
Compared to al / kg, about 600 kcal / kg of cooling heat including latent heat is obtained, so the cooling water amount is about 1/30. Further, by setting and adjusting the degree of vacuum, the gas turbine outlet air temperature as a finished temperature can be arbitrarily controlled. The bleeding vacuum pump (16) not only keeps the pressure inside the condenser (7) at a predetermined vacuum as described above, but also has a function of extracting non-condensable gas to the outside.

The condensed water in the liquid pool (12) is supplied to a cold water pump (1).
5), the water is sent to the water sprinkling device (9) and the gas-liquid separation drum (4), and a part of the water is sent to the suction nozzle (10) provided in the condenser (7). Vacuum the inside of). Then, the steam is brought into direct contact with the steam in the nozzle and is cooled, thereby promoting the suction and condensation of the steam as a jet condensing nozzle (Jet Condensing Nozzle).

In addition, instead of the LNG vaporizer (13) in FIG. 1, a cold equipment such as a centrifugal chiller is used, and the cold heat source (refrigerant) is supplied to the direct expansion pipe (8) of the condenser (7). Even
The same operation and effect as described above can be obtained. In short, it is only necessary to have a cooling ability to 0 ° C. or less.

FIG. 3 is a view showing an evaporative heat transfer tube and its periphery according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The evaporative heat transfer tube (3) of this embodiment is not an intake duct of a gas turbine, but
It is arranged in the air supply duct (11) of the air conditioning fan coil unit. In that case, the necessary evaporation is completed in the evaporation heat transfer tube (3) or the condenser (7)
When there is no problem with gas-liquid two-phase fluid flowing into
The gas-liquid separation drum is omitted and instead a simple upper drum (14) is provided.

FIG. 4 is a system diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention. In the condenser (17) of the present embodiment, the direct expansion pipe (8) communicating with the LNG vaporizer (13) and the like in the first embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 is not provided. Ice (18) floats on the surface of condensed water. Other points are the same as those in FIGS. 1 and 2, and therefore, the same reference numerals are given and the detailed description is omitted.

FIGS. 5 to 8 show the condenser (1) of this embodiment.
It is a figure which illustrates the structure of 7). The vapor condensing method includes the air condensation shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 and the liquid condensation shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. The condenser (1) shown in FIG.
In 7), a part of the steam is condensed by watering, and the rest is condensed while passing between the layers of the sherbet-like supercooled ice (18) and reaches the lower sump. In FIG. 6, the vapor of the gas-liquid separation drum (4) sucked by the suction nozzle (10) is jetted into the space above the supercooled ice (18). Uncondensed steam exiting from the suction nozzle (10) is cooled and condensed by the sprinkling water and the supercooled water (18). In the case of FIG. 7, the steam is injected into the condensed water and rises to supercooled ice (1).
8) Cooled and liquefied by sprinkling and flowing down by gravity. In FIG. 8, the steam sucked by the suction nozzle (20) is injected into the liquid below the supercooled ice (18).

In the third embodiment, the latent heat of condensation of the steam is removed by the latent heat of melting of the ice and the sensible heat of the sprinkling, and the supercooled ice (18) called ice slurry or dynamic ice is cooled or cooled by an LNG vaporizer (LNG vaporizer). 13) Sequential production and replenishment. The vacuum in the condenser (17) is extracted by a vacuum pump (1).
6). As in the first embodiment, the logarithmic average temperature difference is increased by the vacuum holding, and the cooling heat is increased by using the latent heat, and the amount of cooling water is reduced to about 1/30 as compared with the conventional case. In addition, liquid pool (1
The condensed water of 2) is sent to a sprinkler (9) and a gas-liquid separation drum (4) by a cold water pump (15), and a part of the condensed water is supplied to a suction nozzle (10) provided in a condenser (17).
It is sent to (20), and the vapor in the gas-liquid separation drum (4) is sucked, and the vapor is directly contacted with the vapor in the nozzle to condense the vapor, similarly to the first embodiment.

[0024]

According to the present invention, the cooling of the gas turbine intake air and the air supply of the fan coil unit for air conditioning is performed by a low-cost heat exchanger, and the intake resistance is small, so that the performance can be remarkably improved. it can.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a condenser (7) in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an evaporative heat transfer tube and its periphery according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a system diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of the condenser (17) in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a view showing another example of the structure of the condenser (17) in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a view showing still another example of the structure of the condenser (17) in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a view showing still another example of the structure of the condenser (17) in FIG. 4;

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the temperatures of respective fluids in the heat exchanger in comparison with those of the prior art and those of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of a conventional air cooling facility.

[Explanation of symbols]

 (1) Gas turbine intake duct (2) Counter-flow heat exchanger (3) Evaporative heat transfer tube (4) Gas-liquid separation drum (5) Lower drum (6) Circulation pump (7) Condenser (8) Direct expansion tube ( 9) Watering device (10) Suction nozzle (11) Air duct for fan coil unit (12) Liquid reservoir (13) LNG vaporizer (14) Upper drum (15) Cold water pump (16) Vacuum pump (17) Condenser (18) Supercooled ice (20) Suction nozzle

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) F24F 5/00 F02C 7/143 F28D 5/02 F22B 31/04

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of evaporative heat transfer tubes disposed in an air duct and having an upper end communicating with a gas-liquid separation drum or an upper drum, and a lower end communicating with a lower drum, a circulation pump for supplying circulating water to the lower drum, A condenser communicating with the vapor layer of the gas-liquid separation drum or the upper drum and having a heat transfer tube through which a fluid having a temperature of 0 ° C. or less flows, and a sprinkler for spraying pressurized cold water to the upper part of the condenser; And an extraction vacuum pump for depressurizing the inside of the condenser. 2. A plurality of evaporative heat transfer tubes arranged in an air duct and having an upper end communicating with a gas-liquid separation drum and a lower end communicating with a lower drum, a circulating pump for supplying circulating water to the lower drum, A condenser communicating with the vapor layer of the separation drum and having supercooled ice floating on the water surface inside, a water spray device for spraying pressurized cold water to the upper part of the condenser, and depressurizing the inside of the condenser An air cooling system comprising: a bleeding vacuum pump. 3. The air according to claim 1, wherein a suction nozzle for sucking steam in the gas-liquid separation drum with cold water pressurized by a cold water pump is attached to the condenser. Cooling equipment.