JP2987548B2 - Cylinder control method and stop / start speed adjusting cylinder and valve - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a cylinder in which a piston repeats a reciprocating motion. When the cylinder stops or decelerates, the cylinder smoothly decelerates from the maximum speed and stops at a very low speed. The present invention relates to a cylinder control method for automatically adjusting a speed so as to reach a maximum speed.

[0002] The present invention is designed such that a piston that repeats a reciprocating motion smoothly decelerates from a maximum speed and stops at a very low speed when stopping or decelerating a turn, and smoothly accelerates from a very slow start and reaches a maximum speed when starting or turning. The present invention relates to a stop / start speed adjusting cylinder whose speed is automatically adjusted.

According to the present invention, a piston which repeats a reciprocating motion is smoothly decelerated from a maximum speed and stopped at a very low speed, and the speed is automatically adjusted so as to reach a maximum speed by smoothly accelerating from a very low speed start. The present invention relates to a stop / start speed adjusting valve for turning at an arbitrary position.

[0004]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a cylinder, in which a piston repeats reciprocating motion, smoothly decelerates from a maximum speed and stops at a slow speed when stopping or decelerating a turn, and smoothly accelerates from a very slow start and reaches a maximum speed when starting or turning. As described above, no cylinder control method for automatically adjusting the speed has been found.

Conventionally, a piston that repeats a reciprocating motion is automatically decelerated from a maximum speed at a stop or a deceleration of a turn to stop at a very low speed, and automatically accelerates from a very low speed at a start or a turn to reach a maximum speed. Although the stop / start speed adjusting cylinder whose speed is adjusted was not found, a cylindrical rod-shaped closing portion 17 was formed on the front and rear surfaces of the piston 4 as shown in FIG. The packing part 6 is formed on the inner periphery in front of the inflow / outflow chamber 13 arranged in the cylinder 3, and when the rod-shaped closing part 17 is inserted into the packing part 6, the inner chamber 2 of the cylinder 3 and the inflow / outflow chamber 13 are isolated, and the inner chamber 2 is separated.
The fluid 1 such as air or oil flows in and out through a thin tube portion 18 connecting the inner chamber 2 formed in the packing portion 6 and the inflow / outflow chamber 13, and the flow rate of the thin tube portion 18 is set to be constant by a needle-shaped throttle valve 19. The stop / start speed holding cylinder having such a structure was observed.

Conventionally, a piston which repeats reciprocating motion is smoothly decelerated from the maximum speed and stopped at a very low speed, and the speed is automatically adjusted so as to smoothly accelerate from the very low speed and reach the maximum speed, thereby arbitrarily adjusting the cylinder. Although no stop / start speed adjusting valve for turning at a position was found, a shock absorber that forcibly stopped a piston that reciprocated and moved at a maximum speed at an arbitrary position of a cylinder was found.

[0007]

There are six problems to be solved in the above-mentioned conventional stop / start speed holding cylinder.

First, the speed of the piston 4 changes suddenly and rapidly.

The stop position of the piston 4 is basically the foremost or last turn position of the cylinder 3. At that time, when pressure is applied to the inflow / outflow chamber 13 on the inflow side, the fluid 1
Since the rod-shaped closing part 17 formed in the cylinder is inserted into the packing part 6, it flows into the cylinder inner chamber 2 through the narrow tube part 18. The flow rate flowing through the thin tube portion 18 is set constant by the needle-shaped throttle valve 19.

The reason why the needle-shaped throttle valve 19 is provided in the thin tube portion 18 is that when the piston 4 collides with the cylinder (or the packing portion) and finally stops, the flow rate is minimized to minimize damage. However, it works to keep the approach speed low when starting. The rod-shaped closing part 17 is the packing part 6
And the speed after the rod-shaped closing portion 17 is inserted into the packing portion 6 (same as the collision speed).
Is set by the needle-shaped throttle valve 18. Throttle valve 18
If the speed is reduced, the starting speed, approaching speed and collision speed will be slow, and if it is loosened, the starting speed, approaching speed and collision speed will be faster. At the actual site, if the throttle valve 18 is throttled too much, the working efficiency is greatly reduced, so that it is often used by loosening it so that a certain flow rate can be secured. There are unavoidable situations.

The piston 4 starts at a low speed and moves while maintaining the low speed as shown in FIG.
7 comes off from the packing part. Then, as shown in FIG. 8 (B), a large amount of fluid 1 flows into the inner chamber through the opened packing portion 6, and the piston moves at the maximum speed. When the piston 4 moves at a high speed, a large amount of the fluid 1 in the outflow side cylinder inner chamber 2 flows out of the packing part 6 through the inflow / outflow chamber 13.

When the rod-shaped closing portion formed on the outflow side of the piston is inserted into the packing portion, the outflow amount decreases and flows in the opposite direction of the arrow in FIG. The second fluid 1 flows out of the inflow / outflow chamber 13 through the thin tube portion 18. The outflow amount is finely adjusted by a throttle valve 19 provided in the thin tube portion, and is set to a small and constant amount.
Therefore, the moving speed of the piston 4 becomes very low. The piston 4 collides with the cylinder 3 (or the packing portion 6) and stops at a constant speed, and then the above operation is repeated with the pressurized inflow side and outflow side reversed.

FIG. 8C is a diagram showing the speed characteristics of the stop / start speed holding cylinder. The horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is speed. The range a indicates a low-speed state until the rod-shaped closing portion 17 comes off from the packing portion 6 on the inflow side, and it can be seen that the vehicle suddenly starts to rise instantaneously to a constant speed almost simultaneously with the start. The range of b is the packing part 6 on the inflow side.
Represents the high-speed state just before the packing part 6 on the outflow side is closed by the rod-shaped closing part 17 after being released from the rod-shaped closing part 17, and instantaneously jumps from a low-speed to a high-speed almost at the same time as the opening to achieve full acceleration. You can see that it is done. The solid line in the range of c indicates that the rod-shaped closing portion 17 is inserted into the outflow side packing portion 6 and closed, and the piston
(Or the packing portion 6) indicates a low-speed state until it stops after colliding with the cylinder 3 (almost instantaneously decelerates from a high speed to a low speed almost simultaneously with the blockage; It can be seen that it has stopped after colliding with the packing part 6). There are four speed changes: sudden low-speed start, rapid acceleration and high-speed movement, sudden braking and low-speed movement, collision stop, and a staircase with a large drop. All speed changes are rapid and not smooth.

The second is a shock (shock) generated by the change in the speed of the piston 4 described above. Shock occurs at any stage of sudden start, sudden acceleration, sudden braking, and collision stop.

[0015] Shock accompanying a change in speed is strictly prohibited, especially in fields where the handling of precision machines and liquids is delicate. Actually, the accuracy of the position control may be deviated due to the shock. There is a simple experiment to test piston 4 shock. The operation is carried out by placing a cup filled with water on a rod 14 extended from the piston 4. According to the stop / start speed setting valve in the cylinder, a wave is generated at the time of start, and the cup falls over at the time of acceleration. The water spilled and no further testing was possible.

A shock (shock) caused by stopping the collision at a low speed causes considerable damage to the cylinder 3 for a long period of time. The time required for maintenance is short, the work efficiency is low, and the cost is extra. Further, since the service life of the cylinder 3 is short, it is not economical.

Third, since the time required from departure to acceleration and the time required from deceleration to complete stop are too long, the total time required from start to stop is long. When the vehicle starts, the vehicle moves instantaneously into a low speed state at a constant speed, and moves for a certain distance (length of the inserted rod-shaped closing portion 17) while maintaining the constant speed. It is a waste of time to move a certain distance (until the rod-shaped closing part 17 is inserted into the packing part 6 and the piston 4 collides) while maintaining a certain speed in a low-speed state. Greatly lower. Structurally, since the piston 4 repeats forward and backward reciprocating movements in the same manner, the structure on both sides of the piston 4 must be symmetrical,
A similar phenomenon appears on the start side and the stop side

Fourth, there is a risk that the piston 4 will overrun and collide with the cylinder (or the packing portion 6) at high speed or near high speed. The speed characteristic shown in FIG. 8C is a case where the moving object 20 is very light even if there is no moving object. When a heavy object is moved by the piston 4 or suspended vertically, a very large inertia force is applied to the piston 4, and the piston 4 decelerates without deceleration as indicated by the broken line in the range c. Resulting in. The larger the inertial force, the larger the outflow amount, the gentler the inclination, and the higher the collision speed. Since the opening area of the thin tube portion 18 is constant, it cannot cope with a change in the use condition. This may lead to damage to the cylinder 3, damage to the moving object 20, and a serious accident. When the fluid 1 is air, the danger is great because the compression ratio is large.

Fifth, particularly when the fluid 1 is air, flashback (bounce) occurs at the time of rapid deceleration. Since the piston 4 moving at a high speed has its own weight plus inertia added to the weight of the object being moved, the rod-shaped closing portion 17 is inserted into the packing portion 6 to allow the fluid to flow out from the small tube portion 18 little by little. The piston 4 moves forward while compressing the air in the cylinder inner chamber 2 and stops when the inertia force is offset by the air pressure. The flashback is caused by the recoil of. Needless to say, the flashback causes a shock, which impacts the moving object 20 and causes a deviation in the accuracy of the position control.

Sixth, the stop / start speed holding cylinder has only the function of setting the outflow amount or the inflow amount to be constant and keeping the stop / start speed of the piston 4 constant. It is not possible to automatically and appropriately change the outflow amount or the inflow amount and the speed and to smoothly adjust the outflow amount or the inflow amount or the smooth speed.

[0021] The shock absorber is a cushion device, which is a device for buffering a collision with the stop arm to reduce the shock and stop the shock. It can happen. In particular, when moving a heavy object with the piston 4 or when gravity is applied by suspending it vertically,
Is dangerous because of its very large inertia. The shock absorber has a problem that it cannot cope with a change in applied force.

[0022]

The invention according to claim 1 is
A packing portion is provided on each of the outflow / inflow paths for alternately flowing a fluid such as oil or air into one of the inner chambers, flowing out from the other inner chamber, and reciprocating a piston provided in the middle of the cylinder. Corresponding to the part, a plurality of vertical holes are formed and arranged on the peripheral side with a larger diameter toward the tip side and a smaller diameter toward the base side toward the base side. Each of the rod-shaped flow control valves is provided with a flow hole having a diameter equal to or larger than the diameter, and each of the rod-shaped flow control valves is provided in a form linked to the movement of both ends of the reciprocating piston. It can slide freely into and out of the part,
The rod-shaped flow control valve on the side where the piston stops when the piston reciprocates momentarily stops is inserted into the packing part with the through hole and at least one vertical hole from the base side open to the base outflow / inflow path. The other rod-shaped flow control valve is in a state of being separated from the packing part and separated, and at the time of starting or turning, the inner chamber is formed through the flow hole of the rod-shaped flow control valve on the outflow / inflow path on the side where the piston is stopped. The fluid that flows into the valve starts flowing at a very small speed through at least the smallest vertical hole that is opened, and starts to move at a very low speed. As the vertical hole is added to the opening, the flow rate increases and the acceleration increases.At the stage when the rod-shaped flow control valve comes out of the packing part, it reaches the maximum flow rate through the packing part and reaches the maximum speed, during which the piston advances The flow from the inner chamber also increases from the minute flow rate to the maximum flow rate through the packing part, and at the time of deceleration stop, the rod-shaped flow control valve on the outflow / inflow path on the outflow side where the piston goes is inserted into the packing part and flows out from the inner chamber. The fluid flows out through the through hole, and starts with deceleration due to a relatively large amount of outflow through the vertical hole which is entirely open. As the hole is closed, the flow rate decreases and continues to decelerate, and the rod-shaped flow control valve is inserted most into the packing part and stops, and finally the very low speed caused by the flow of the small flow rate through the at least the smallest vertical hole that is open During this time, the amount of inflow into the inner chamber on the inflow side also decreases from the maximum flow rate to the minute flow rate, the flow is stopped at the piston stop position, and the above steps are repeated in reverse. It relates d'control method.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, an inflow port and an outflow chamber are provided at both ends of a cylinder, and a packing portion is formed on the inner periphery of the inflow and outflow chamber, and a piston is provided in an inner chamber formed between both packing portions. The rod-shaped flow control valve, which has a smaller diameter than the piston and is freely inserted and removed from each packing part, is integrally formed on both sides of the piston. A plurality of vertical holes arranged in a row with a larger diameter and a smaller diameter as it goes closer to the original side, communicates with all the vertical holes near the peripheral side of the tip and has a diameter equal to or greater than the maximum diameter of the vertical hole A flow hole is arranged, and in a state where the piston has moved to the end and stopped, the stop-side rod-shaped flow regulating valve is inserted into the packing portion with at least one or more vertical holes opened from the original side into the inner chamber. Stop / start speed adjusting cylinder characterized by a structure It relates.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, an inflow port and an outflow port are provided at both ends of a cylinder, and a packing portion is formed on the inner periphery of the inflow and outflow chamber, and a piston is provided in an inner chamber formed between both packing portions. The rod is extended from the piston to the outside of the cylinder, and each packing part with a diameter larger than the rod and smaller than the piston and a rod-shaped flow control valve that can slide in and out are integrally formed on both sides of the piston. On the peripheral side surface of this rod-shaped flow regulating valve, a plurality of vertical holes having a larger diameter toward the distal end and a smaller diameter toward the base side are arranged, and communicate with all the vertical holes near the peripheral side at the distal end. And a flow hole having a diameter equal to or larger than the maximum diameter of the vertical hole is arranged. When the piston moves to the end and stops, at least one or more stop-side rod-shaped flow control valves are provided from the original side. With a vertical hole opened in the inner chamber and inserted into the packing part It relates stop starting speed adjusting cylinder, characterized in that the the structure.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tubular body having a closed end, a packing portion formed on the inner periphery of the body, an inflow / outflow chamber inside the body divided into two parts by the packing part, and The front and rear outflow ports provided in the main body so as to communicate with the inflow / outflow chamber, and the packing part and the insertion / removal slide in a form that is hermetically inserted from the base side of the main body and interlocks with one of the stop or turn movements of the piston. The rod-shaped flow control valve is composed of a plurality of vertical holes arranged in a row on the circumferential side of the rod-shaped flow control valve, the diameter being larger toward the distal end and smaller toward the original side. A flow hole having a diameter equal to or greater than the maximum diameter of the vertical hole is provided in communication with the entire vertical hole (close to the peripheral side surface at the tip), and the rod moves to one end and the rod stops. At least one vertical flow control valve from the source side A stop / start speed adjusting valve, which is inserted into the packing portion in a state where it is open to the rear inflow / outflow chamber, and connects one of the main body outflow port to the pump or the compressor and the other to the one outflow port of the cylinder. is there.

[0026]

According to the cylinder control method of the first aspect of the present invention, the rod-shaped flow rate regulating valve 11 on the side where the piston 4 is stopped at the end of the cylinder 3 is at least one or more from the through hole 10 at least from the original side. Is inserted into the packing part 6 in a state where the vertical hole 9 is open to the original outflow / inflow passage 5, and the other rod-shaped flow regulating valve 11 is separated from the packing part 6 and separated from the packing part 6.
At the time of start or turn, as shown in FIG. 1A, the fluid 1 flowing into the inner chamber 2 flows through the flow hole 10 of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 on the inflow / outflow passage 5 on the side where the piston 4 is stopped. A vertical hole 9 of at least the smallest diameter which is initially opened
The piston 4 starts at a very low speed due to the inflow of a small flow rate. Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (B), as the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 slides back to the original side in a manner interlocked with the start of the piston 4, the vertical holes 9 having a sequentially large diameter are added to the opening. As the flow rate increases, the acceleration of the piston 4 increases.
Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (C), when the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 that slides in conjunction with the piston 4 comes off from the packing part 6, the maximum flow rate is reached through the packing part 6 and the piston 4 reaches the maximum speed. . During this time, the outflow from the inner chamber 2 on the piston 4 advancing side also increases from the minute flow rate to the maximum flow rate through the packing portion 6. Next, the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 on the outflow / inflow passage 5 on the outflow side toward which the piston 4 is moved is inserted into the packing portion 6 in a manner interlocked with the movement of the piston 4, and the fluid 1 flowing out from the inner chamber 2 is allowed to flow through the through hole. The piston 4 begins to decelerate due to the relatively large outflow through the longitudinal bore 9, which is discharged through 10 and is initially open. Next, FIG.
, The tip 8 of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11
Vertical holes 9 that become smaller in diameter sequentially as they slide to the side
As the valve is closed, the flow rate decreases and the piston 4 continues to decelerate. Next, in the opposite direction of the arrow shown in FIG.
The piston 4 is in a very low speed state due to the outflow of a small flow rate through the piston. During this time, the amount of inflow into the inner chamber 2 on the inflow side decreases from the maximum flow rate to the minute flow rate. Next, the piston 4 that moves at a very low speed is stopped at the stop position, and the above steps are repeated in reverse order. The piston 4 starts at a very low speed and accelerates smoothly to reach the maximum speed.
It continues to decelerate smoothly from a high speed to a slow speed and stops quietly, and this reciprocating motion is repeated.

According to the stop / start speed adjusting cylinder 3 of the invention according to claims 2 and 3, the rod-shaped flow rate adjusting valve 11 formed on the side of the piston 4 stopped at the end of the cylinder 3 is provided.
Is inserted into a packing part 6 formed on the inner periphery of the inflow / outflow chamber 13 with the through hole 10 and at least one or more vertical holes 9 opening from the original side into the inner chamber 2, and on the opposite side of the piston 4 The lot-shaped flow control valve 11 formed in the
It is in a state of getting out of the way. Next, at the time of start or turn, as shown in FIG. 3 (A), the fluid 1 flowing into the inner chamber 2 flows through the through hole 10 of the rod-shaped flow rate regulating valve 11 on the side where the piston 4 is stopped. The piston 4 starts at a very low speed due to the inflow of a small flow rate through the opened vertical hole 9 having the smallest diameter. Next, as shown in FIG. 3 (B), as the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 slides back to the original side in conjunction with the start of the piston 4, the vertical holes 9 having a sequentially large diameter are formed in the inner chamber 2. As the flow rate increases, the flow rate increases and the acceleration of the piston 4 increases. Next, as shown in FIG. 3C, the rod-shaped flow control valve 1 which slides in conjunction with the piston 4
At the stage when 1 comes out of the packing section 6, the maximum flow rate is reached through the packing section 6 and the piston 4 reaches the maximum speed. During this time, the outflow from the inner chamber 2 on the piston 4 advancing side also increases from the minute flow rate to the maximum flow rate through the packing portion 6. Next, the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 on the outflow / inflow path 5 on the outflow side toward which the piston 4 is moved is inserted into the packing part 6 in conjunction with the movement of the piston 4, and the fluid 1 flowing out of the inner chamber 2 is passed through the through hole 10. The piston 4 begins to decelerate due to the relatively large outflow through the initially open vertical bore 9 which is flowed through. Next, in the opposite direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 3 (B), the vertical holes 9 that are sequentially reduced in diameter as the rod-shaped flow regulating valve 11 slides toward the distal end 8 side are closed, and the flow decreases as the flow proceeds. Then, the piston 4 continues to decelerate. Next, contrary to the arrow shown in FIG. 3 (A), the rod-shaped flow regulating valve 11 is slightly opened through the vertical hole 9 having at least the minimum diameter which is finally opened just before being inserted into the packing portion 6 most. Due to the outflow of the flow rate, the piston 4 enters a very low speed state. During this time, the amount of inflow into the inner chamber 2 on the inflow side decreases from the maximum flow rate to the minute flow rate. Next, the piston 4 moving at a very low speed is stopped at the stop position, and the rod-shaped flow control valve 1 is stopped.
1 is inserted most into the packing portion 6, and finally only the vertical hole 9 having at least the minimum diameter is opened to the inner chamber 2. The above steps are repeated in reverse order. The piston 4 starts at a very low speed and accelerates smoothly to reach the maximum speed, and continues to decelerate smoothly from a high speed to a very low speed to stop quietly, and this reciprocating motion is repeated.

The operation of the stop / start speed adjusting cylinder 3 with the rod 14 shown in FIG. 3 and the rodless shown in FIG.

The operation of the stop / start speed adjusting valve of the invention according to claim 4 will be described as an example in the movement of the slide unit in FIG. 4D. Piston 4 is cylinder 3
The moving object is moved by the rod 14 to an intermediate position before starting from one end and reaching the other end to turn or stop. One outlet 12 of the valve is connected to the pump or compressor 16 and the other outlet 12 is connected to the cylinder 3
(An intermediate stop or a turn side in this case). The movement from the start of the piston 4 to the movement at the maximum speed depends on the speed characteristics of the cylinder 3. The cylinder 3 in this figure is the stop / start speed adjusting cylinder described above, but it is not necessary to be so, and may be an ordinary cylinder 3. However, if the stop / start speed adjusting cylinder is used, the end of the cylinder 3 may be used. The reciprocating movement can be performed by the same movement as the middle movement by the valve. First, FIG.
Contrary to the arrow shown in (C), a large amount of the fluid 1 flowing out of the inner chamber 2 of the cylinder 3 at the time of high-speed movement flows out through the packing portion 6 of the opened valve. Next, the rod-shaped flow regulating valve 11 of the valve slides (in this case, is pushed by the moving object 20) in a manner interlocked with the piston 4 that has reached the middle of the cylinder 3, is inserted into the packing portion 6, and is inserted into the cylinder 3. The fluid 1 flowing out of the chamber 2 flows into one of the outflow ports 12 formed in the valve body 15 and the fluid 1 initially flows out in a relatively large amount through the vertical hole 9 which is entirely open, and the piston 4 starts to decelerate. . Next, FIG.
, The tip 8 of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11
Vertical holes 9 that become smaller in diameter sequentially as they slide to the side
As the valve is closed, the flow rate decreases and the piston 4 continues to decelerate. Next, contrary to the arrow shown in FIG. 4 (A), the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 is most inserted into the packing portion 6, stopped, and finally opened at least the vertical hole 9 having the smallest diameter.
The piston 4 is in a very low speed state due to the outflow of a small flow rate through the piston. During this time, the amount of inflow into the inner chamber 2 on the inflow side decreases from the maximum flow rate to the minute flow rate. Next, the piston 4 that moves at a very low speed is stopped at a stop position by some means. Specifically, even if the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 is fully inserted and stopped, there is a small amount of outflow. Therefore, the rod 14 is stopped by a brake device, or the passage of the outflow / inflow passage 5 is closed by an electronic valve. A stopper 25 is provided to stop the inflow and outflow, or to contact the stop position of the moving object 20 on the course to stop it. The method of interlocking the piston 4 and the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 is not only pushing with the moving object 20 but also interlocking with the rod 14 or taking the movement of the piston 4 by an electric signal and adjusting the rod-shaped flow by another cylinder or motor. There are various types such as sliding the valve 11. Next, switching valve 2
The direction of the inflow and outflow is switched by 1, and as shown in FIG. 4 (A), the fluid 1 flowing into the inner chamber 2 through the through hole 10 of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 flows and at least the minimum diameter which is opened first Of the piston 4 due to the inflow of a minute flow through the vertical hole 9
Starts at a very slow speed. Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 slides to the original side in conjunction with the start of the piston 4, and the vertical holes 9 having a sequentially large diameter are formed in the rear inflow / outflow chamber. As the opening 13 is added, the flow rate increases and the acceleration of the piston 4 increases. Next, as shown in FIG. 4 (C), when the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 that slides in
And the piston 4 returns at the maximum speed.
During this time, the outflow from the inner chamber 2 on the piston 4 advancing side also increases from the minute flow rate to the maximum flow rate. The above steps are repeated in reverse order. The piston 4 continues to decelerate smoothly from a high speed in the middle of the cylinder 3, stops at a very low speed and stops quietly, turns or starts at a very low speed, smoothly accelerates to a maximum speed, and this reciprocating motion is repeated.

According to the above-described cylinder control method and the stop / start speed adjusting cylinder and valve, first, as shown in FIG. 7, the piston 4 starts at a very low speed, smoothly accelerates, naturally reaches the maximum speed, and smoothly decelerates from high speed. Then, it can be stopped slowly and the speed change is smooth. Second, since all the speed changes of the slow start, the acceleration, the high speed movement, the deceleration, and the slow stop are natural and smooth, the shock (shock) is extremely small, and no error occurs in the accuracy of the position control. For the test, we put a cup filled with water on the rod 14 extended from the piston 4 and operated it.
During the stop, the waves did not rise and the cup did not fall.
Thirdly, since the time from the start to the stop is very short because the time from the start to the stop is very short because the vehicle smoothly accelerates from the start to reach the maximum speed and decelerates smoothly, the time required from the start to the stop is very short. Increase. Fourth, it can cope with a change in use conditions and stops at a very low speed to prevent overrun. When a heavy object is moved by the piston 4 or suspended vertically, a very large inertia force is applied to the piston 4, but the flow rate is gradually reduced and gradually decelerated. Since the speed at which the rod-shaped flow rate adjusting valve 11 inserted into the packing portion 6 decreases the flow rate increases in proportion, the speed is reliably reduced to a very low speed and stopped as shown in the range of c in FIG. If the inertia force is large, the pressure applied to the outflow side is particularly large, and the rod-shaped flow control valve 11
Although the amount of flow that is going to flow out of the pipe should also increase, the opening area of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 (total opening area of the vertical holes 9 that can flow out) changes and gradually decreases, so the outflow amount is automatically suppressed. And adjusted accordingly. The flow rate flowing out of the rod-shaped flow rate control valve 11 is reduced to a very low speed at the stop position with the line in the range of c slightly shifted outward even when the inertia force is extremely strong depending on the use conditions. Fifth, even when the fluid 1 is air, the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 is inserted into the
The flashback (bounce) phenomenon at the time of deceleration does not occur because the pressure is gradually adjusted by decreasing the outflow amount of the fluid. Sixth
The amount of inflow / outflow from a very small amount to a large amount is changed from a very small amount to a large amount by the insertion / removal slide of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 interlocked with the piston 4. Make adjustments.

The passage hole 10 of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 is opened near the peripheral side surface 7 of the distal end 8 because the hole is formed as far as the piston 4 avoiding the core of the rod 14 that is penetratingly joined to the piston 4. And the vertical hole 9
Is made relatively shallow (when the vertical hole 9 is made deep, clogging is likely to occur, and the inflow and outflow of the fluid 1 is not smooth). The leading end 8 of the plurality of vertical holes 9 has a large diameter and a gradually decreasing diameter as it goes to the original side. The speed adjustment starts at a very low speed, smoothly accelerates, naturally reaches a high speed, smoothly decelerates to a very low speed state and stops quietly. Therefore, the amount of inflow into the inner chamber 2 from start to acceleration and the amount of outflow from the inner chamber 2 from deceleration to stop are automatically adjusted to appropriate amounts. The reason why the flow hole 10 has the same diameter as the maximum diameter of the vertical hole 9 or more is that the flow amount of the vertical hole 9 from the minimum diameter to the maximum diameter must be secured through the flow hole 10. The reason that at least one or more vertical holes 9 are opened when the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 is most inserted into the packing portion 6 is that the fluid 1 passes through the through holes 10 and the vertical holes 9 when starting. This is to move the piston 4 by flowing into the inner chamber 2. As a result of the experiment, it was found that clogging hardly occurred even though the vertical hole 9 had a very small diameter. The first reason is that the vertical hole 9 is shallow and short as described above, and the second is that the direction in which the fluid 1 flows into and out of the vertical hole 9 is reversed at the time of deceleration / stop and at the time of starting / acceleration. The third reason is that the outflow / inflow of the fluid 1 is limited to the vertical hole 9 on the small diameter side particularly near the start and the stop, and the pressure is intensively applied.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing speed characteristics of the present invention. The horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is speed. The range of a indicates the state of slow start and acceleration until the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 comes out of the packing part 6 on the inflow side, and it can be seen that the slow start was accelerated smoothly at the start. The range b shows a high-speed state from the time when the packing part 6 on the inflow side is released from the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 to just before the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 is inserted into the packing part 6 on the outflow side. At the same time, it can be seen that the speed has naturally reached. In the range of c, the rod-shaped flow regulating valve 11 is inserted into the outflow side packing portion 6 and closed, and the piston 4 is
(Or the packing part 6) indicates a decelerating state and a slow stop until the piston 4 stops by contacting the packing part 6, and almost simultaneously with the closing, the speed of the piston 4 is naturally reduced smoothly from a high speed. It can be seen that the cylinder abuts on the cylinder 3 (or the packing part 6) and stops quietly.

[0033]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a cylinder control method, wherein 1 is a fluid such as oil or air, 3 is a cylinder, 4
Is a piston provided in the cylinder 3, 2 is an inner chamber of the cylinder 3 bisected by the piston 4, and 5 is a pump or compressor 1 from both sides of the cylinder 3 through the switching valve 21.
6 is a packing portion provided on the outflow / inflow passages 5 on both sides, and 11 is a packing portion 6 from the tip 8.
A plurality of vertical holes 9 formed in the peripheral side surface 7 of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11, the diameter of which is increased toward the tip 8 and the diameter is reduced toward the base side;
Reference numeral 10 denotes a flow hole having a diameter equal to or larger than the maximum diameter of the vertical hole 9 communicating with the entire vertical hole 9 near the peripheral side surface 7 of the tip 8 of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11. A dotted line connecting the two sides and the base sides of the rod-shaped flow control valves 11 on both sides indicates the movement of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 in which the packing portion 6 slides in and out in a manner interlocked with the movement of both ends of the piston 4.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a rodless stop / start speed adjusting cylinder, wherein 1 is a fluid such as oil or air, 3 is a cylinder, 4 is a piston installed in the cylinder 3, and 2 is a piston Although only one end of the inner chamber 13 of the cylinder 3 is shown, an inflow / outflow chamber formed at both ends of the cylinder 3 and communicating with the inner chamber 2 respectively, and 5 is a cylinder 3
An inflow / outflow path of the fluid 1 from the inner chamber 2 on both sides to the pump or the compressor 16 through the switching valve 21, and a packing portion 6 formed on the inner inner circumference of the inflow / outflow chamber 13 on both sides with an inner diameter smaller than the piston 4. , 11 are rod-shaped flow control valves which are integrally formed on both sides of the piston 4 with a smaller diameter than the piston 4 and correspond to the packing portion 6 and which can be inserted into and removed from the packing portion 6 from the front end 8, and 9 is rods on both sides of the piston 4. A plurality of vertical holes 10 are formed on the peripheral side surface 7 of the cylindrical flow rate control valve 11 so as to have a larger diameter toward the tip 8 side and a smaller diameter toward the base side. A flow hole having a diameter equal to or larger than the maximum diameter of the vertical hole 9 is provided near the side surface 7 in communication with all the vertical holes 9.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a cylinder for adjusting the stop / start speed with the rod 14, 1 is a fluid such as oil or air, 3 is a cylinder, 4 is a piston provided in the cylinder 3, 2 is a piston 4 , A rod extending from one side of the piston 4 to the outside of the cylinder 3, 13 outflow / inflow chambers formed at both ends of the cylinder 3 and communicating with the inner chamber 2, respectively, and 5 a cylinder 3 Pump or compressor 1 through switching valve 21 from inner chamber 2 on both sides
6 is a packing portion having an inner diameter smaller than that of the piston 4 and larger than the rod 14 on the inner inner periphery of the flow-in / out chambers 13 on both sides, and 11 is a packing portion on both sides of the piston 4. A rod-shaped flow control valve integrally formed with a diameter smaller than the piston 4 and larger than the rod 14 corresponding to the part 6 and slidably inserted into and removed from the packing part 6 from the tip 8, and 9 is a rod-shaped flow control on both sides of the piston 4. A plurality of vertical holes formed in the peripheral side surface 7 of the valve 11 to have a larger diameter toward the tip 8 side and a smaller diameter toward the base side, and are arranged in tandem with the peripheral side surface 7 of the tip end 8 of the rod-shaped flow regulating valve 11 on both sides. In the figure, a communication hole communicating with all the vertical holes 9 and having a diameter equal to or larger than the maximum diameter of the vertical holes 9 is shown.

FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C show an embodiment of a stop / start speed adjusting valve, and FIG. 4D shows an example of a slide unit system using the stop / start speed adjusting valve of the present embodiment. . In the figure, 1 is a fluid such as oil or air, 3 is the stop / start speed adjusting cylinder, 4 is a piston provided in the cylinder 3 and having rod-shaped flow rate adjusting valves formed on both sides, and 2 is divided into two by a piston 4 The inner chamber of the cylinder 3, 13 are formed at both ends of the cylinder 3, and are inflow / outflow chambers communicating with the inner chamber 2, 14 is a rod extending from one side of the piston 4 to the outside of the cylinder 3, and 20 is a rod 1.
4 represents the moving object. The cylinder 3 may be a normal cylinder, but if it is a stop / start speed adjusting cylinder, it can be turned or stopped at the end of the cylinder 3 with the same movement as the middle by the valve, and reciprocating motion is similar between the end and the middle. it can. In the figure, reference numeral 15 denotes a main body of a tubular valve having a closed end, reference numeral 6 denotes a packing portion formed on the inner periphery of the main body 15, reference numeral 13 denotes an inflow / reception chamber divided into two parts by the packing portion 6, and reference numeral 12 denotes a front / rear outflow / inflow chamber 13. Main body 15 for communication
The front and rear outflow inlets 5 are connected to the pump or the compressor 16 from the rear inner chamber 2 through the switching valve 21 and the pump or the pump from the front inner chamber 2 to the valve body 15 and the switching valve 21. The inflow and outflow passages 11 of the fluid 1 reaching the compressor 16 are hermetically inserted so as not to fall off from the base side of the main body 15, and the outer diameter corresponds to the inner diameter of the packing portion 6, and is inserted into and removed from the packing portion 6 through the tip 8. A rod-shaped flow control valve, which is freely formed and has a work receiving portion 22 at the rear end, 9 is formed on the peripheral side surface 7 of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 to have a larger diameter toward the tip 8 and a smaller diameter toward the base side. Vertical holes, 10
Near the peripheral side surface 7 of the tip 8 of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 on both sides communicates with all the vertical holes 9 to represent a flow hole having a diameter equal to or larger than the maximum diameter of the vertical holes 9. . The installation position of the valve corresponds to the position at which the piston 4 is turned, and the moving object 20 pushes the work receiving portion 22. Reference numeral 23 denotes a spring for returning the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 sandwiched between the work receiving portion 22 and the rear end of the main body 15. Reference numeral 24 denotes an adjusting screw for setting a stop position of the rod-shaped flow rate adjusting valve 11. When the adjusting screw 24 is adjusted shallowly to the main body 15 as shown in the figure, the stop position of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 shifts to the tip 8 side, and the vertical hole 9 finally opened becomes one, so that the amount of inflow and outflow is very small. The stop speed is set to a very low speed. When the adjusting screw 24 is adjusted deeply to the main body 15, the stop position of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 shifts to the original side, and the number of the vertical holes 9 finally opened becomes two or more, so that the inflow / outflow amount is reduced. The stop speed is set to be a little faster than the very small amount and the stop speed slightly more than the very small amount. In the drawing, reference numeral 25 denotes a stopper for stopping the moving object 20.

FIG. 5 shows the main structure in front of one embodiment of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11, and 9 is formed in the peripheral side surface 7 so as to have a larger diameter toward the tip 8 side and a smaller diameter toward the base side and arranged in tandem. A plurality of vertical holes, 10 is a tip 8 of a rod-shaped flow control valve 11.
A flow hole having a diameter equal to or larger than the maximum diameter of the vertical hole 9 (in this case, substantially the same diameter) is shown near the peripheral side surface 7 in communication with the entire vertical hole 9. The reason that the peripheral side of the tip 8 is tapered is that the tip 8 is smoothly inserted into the packing portion 6. FIG. 5D shows a front cross section of the fourth vertical hole 9 from the tip 8 side. The outer diameter of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11 is
Corresponds to the inner diameter of Although not shown, the packing part 6 of the present embodiment has a ring shape. The length of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11,
The size of the diameter of the vertical holes 9, the ratio of the diameters, the number, the distance between the vertical holes 9, etc. naturally vary depending on the outflow / inflow capacity of the cylinder 3, the magnitude of the torque, etc., and are all included in the present invention. In this embodiment, six vertical holes 9 are provided.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the rod-shaped flow control valve 11, in which a groove 26 is formed in the vertical hole 9 having the smallest diameter on the original side toward the original side. FIG. 5B is a front sectional view of the vertical hole 9 on the most proximal side. In the unlikely event that all the vertical holes 9 including the minimum diameter vertical hole 9 are inserted into the packing portion 6 and stopped, the groove 26 prevents the inflow and outflow of the minimum diameter vertical hole 9 from the groove 2.
6 to prevent the outflow / inflow passage 5 from being completely closed before and after the packing portion 6.

[0040]

According to the cylinder control method of the present invention described above, the cylinder in which the piston repeats the reciprocating motion keeps decelerating smoothly from the maximum speed at the time of stop or deceleration to a low speed state and becomes quiet. When stopping, starting or turning, the flow rate and the speed can be automatically adjusted appropriately and automatically so that the speed starts slowly and accelerates smoothly to reach the maximum speed. Smooth, very small shock (impact) due to speed change and stop, no error in position control accuracy, time required from start to acceleration to maximum speed and time from deceleration to stop The short time shortens the time required for the entire process and improves work efficiency.Even if the operating conditions change and inertia force is applied, the overrun is adjusted to adjust the flow rate. It can be stopped at a very low speed without fail, and even if the fluid is air, the speed changes smoothly and the amount of inflow and outflow gradually changes. It is possible to automatically and appropriately variably and smoothly adjust the inflow / outflow amount corresponding to the position and speed of the piston from a small amount to a large amount at a speed and from a large amount to a small amount from a high speed to a stop from a high speed.

According to the stop / start speed adjusting cylinder according to the present invention described above, the cylinder in which the piston repeats reciprocating motion regardless of whether the cylinder is rodless or rodless, smoothly decelerates from the maximum speed when stopping or decelerating a turn. Continuously, it will be in a very low speed state and stop quietly, and when starting or turning, it will automatically start and turn, and automatically adjust the outflow and inflow amount and speed appropriately so that it reaches the maximum speed. The speed change in all processes is natural and smooth, the shock (shock) accompanying the speed change and stop is very small, and there is no error in the accuracy of position control. Since the time from deceleration to stop is short, the time required for all processes is shortened and work efficiency can be increased, and even when inertia force is added due to changing operating conditions To adjust the amount of inflow and outflow so that it can be stopped at a very low speed without overrun, and even if the fluid is air, the speed change is smooth and flashing during deceleration to gradually change the inflow and outflow No back-up (bouncing), the amount of inflow and outflow from a small amount to a large amount from the start to the maximum speed from the high speed to the stoppage from a large amount to a small amount from the high speed to the stop. Can be variably and smoothly adjusted.

According to the stop / start speed adjusting valve according to the present invention described above, the piston can be stopped or turned at an arbitrary position of the cylinder in which the piston repeats reciprocating motion. The speed of inflow and outflow and the speed are automatically adjusted appropriately and automatically so that the vehicle slowly starts at the start and turns, and accelerates smoothly to reach the maximum speed. The speed change in all processes is natural and smooth, the shock (shock) accompanying the speed change and stop is very small, and there is no error in position control accuracy. Since the time required to reach and the time from deceleration to stop are short, the time required for all processes is shortened, and work efficiency can be improved. In order to adjust the inflow and outflow in response to overruns, it is possible to reliably stop at a very low speed without overrun, and to smoothly change the inflow and outflow even if the fluid is air. Flashback (bounce) does not occur during deceleration, and the amount of inflow and outflow automatically changes from a small amount to a large amount from the start to the maximum speed, and from a large amount to a minute amount from the high speed to the stoppage according to the position and speed of the piston. It can be variably and smoothly adjusted appropriately.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a cylinder control method,
(A), (B), and (C) are cross-sectional views of a rod-shaped flow control valve that slides in and out of a packing portion, and (D) is an explanatory view.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a main part of an embodiment of a rodless stop / start speed adjusting cylinder.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a stop / start speed adjusting cylinder with a rod, in which (A), (B) and (C) are partial sectional views,
(D) is an explanatory view.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a stop / start speed adjusting valve, in which (A), (B) and (C) are sectional views and (D) is an explanatory view.

5A and 5B show a main part of one embodiment of a rod-shaped flow control valve, FIG. 5A is a side sectional view, FIG. 5B is a plan view, and FIG.
Is a front view, and (D) is a front sectional view.

6A and 6B show a main part of an embodiment of a rod-shaped flow control valve, wherein FIG. 6A is a plan view and FIG. 6B is a front sectional view.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing speed characteristics of the present invention.

8A and 8B show a conventionally used stop / start speed holding cylinder, in which FIGS. 8A and 8B are partial sectional views, and FIG. 8C is an explanatory view showing speed characteristics.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fluid 2 Inner chamber 3 Cylinder 4 Piston 5 Outflow / inflow path 6 Packing part 7 Peripheral side surface 8 Tip 9 Vertical hole 10 Flowing hole 11 Rod-shaped flow control valve 12 Outflow inlet 13 Outflow / incoming chamber 14 Rod 15 Main body 16 Pump or compressor

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] A fluid (1) such as oil or air alternately flows into one of the inner chambers (2), flows out of the other inner chamber (2), and a piston (3) provided in the middle of the cylinder (3). 4)
A packing portion (6) is provided on each of the outflow / inflow passages (5) for reciprocating the gasket, and the diameter of the gasket becomes larger toward the tip (8) on the peripheral side surface (7) corresponding to the packing portion (6). A plurality of vertical holes (9) formed in a smaller diameter toward the side and arranged in a row are arranged, and the maximum diameter of the vertical hole (9) is communicated with all the vertical holes (9) near the peripheral side surface (7) of the tip (8). And a rod-shaped flow control valve (11) provided with a flow hole (10) having a diameter equal to or larger than that of the piston (4) reciprocating. It can slide in and out of each packing part (6) in a form linked to the movement of both ends, and when the piston (4) reciprocates instantaneously stops, the rod-shaped flow control valve (11) on the side where the piston (4) stops. ) Is the through hole (10)
And at least one vertical hole (9) from the original side is inserted into the packing part (6) in a state of opening to the original inflow / inflow passage (5), and the other rod-shaped flow regulating valve (11) is It is a state separated from the packing part (6) and at the time of start or turn, the flow hole (11) of the rod-shaped flow control valve (11) on the outflow / inflow path (5) on the side where the piston (4) is stopped. 1
0), the fluid (1) flowing into the inner chamber (2) flows into the inner chamber (2), and the rod-shaped flow control valve (11) starts at a very low speed due to the inflow of a small flow through the vertical hole (9) having at least the smallest diameter. ), The flow rate increases and the acceleration increases as the vertical holes (9) having a large diameter are sequentially arranged along with the sliding to the original side of the opening, and the rod-shaped flow regulating valve (11) comes off from the packing part (6). At this stage, the maximum flow rate is reached through the packing part (6) to reach the maximum speed. During this time, the outflow from the inner chamber (2) on the piston (4) advancing side also increases from the fine flow rate to the maximum flow rate through the packing part (6). At the time of deceleration stop, the rod-shaped flow control valve (11) on the outflow / inflow path (5) on the outflow side toward which the piston (4) is directed is inserted into the packing part (6) and the fluid (1) flowing out from the inner chamber (2). )
Begins to decelerate due to a relatively large amount of water flowing out through the vertical hole (9) which is initially opened through the through hole (10) and slides toward the distal end side of the rod-shaped flow regulating valve (11). As the vertical holes (9) having successively smaller diameters are closed, the flow rate decreases and continues to decelerate as the rod-shaped flow regulating valve (11) is most inserted into the packing portion (6) and finally stops and finally stops. Through a vertical hole (9) of at least the minimum diameter which is open, it is in a very slow state due to the outflow of a small flow rate,
In the meantime, the cylinder control method is characterized in that the flow rate into the inner chamber (2) on the flow-in side also decreases from the maximum flow rate to the minute flow rate, stops at the piston stop position, and repeats the above steps in reverse order. 2. An inflow / outflow chamber (13) is provided at both ends of a cylinder (3).
Each of the packings (6) is formed on the inner inner periphery of the piston, and the piston (4) is inserted into the inner chamber (2) formed between the packings (6).
And a rod-shaped flow regulating valve (11) having a smaller diameter than the piston (4) and being slidable into and out of each packing part (6) is integrally formed on both sides of the piston (4). Tip (8) on peripheral side surface (7) of flow control valve (11)
A plurality of vertical holes (9) arranged in a row having a larger diameter toward the side and a smaller diameter toward the base side are arranged, and communicate with all the vertical holes (9) near the peripheral side surface (7) of the tip (8). A flow hole (10) having a diameter equal to or larger than the maximum diameter of the vertical hole (9) is arranged, and a rod-shaped flow control valve on the stop side in a state where the piston (4) moves to the end and stops. (11) A stop / start speed adjusting cylinder characterized in that it is inserted into the packing part (6) with at least one vertical hole (9) opening from the original side to the inner chamber (2). . 3. An inflow / outflow chamber (13) is provided at both ends of the cylinder (3), respectively.
Each of the packings (6) is formed on the inner inner periphery of the piston, and the piston (4) is inserted into the inner chamber (2) formed between the packings (6).
And a rod (14) extends from the piston (4) to the outside of the cylinder (3), and rods (14) are provided on both sides of the piston.
Each packing part (6) having a larger diameter and a smaller diameter than the piston (4) is integrally formed with a rod-shaped flow regulating valve (11) that can be inserted and removed, and the circumference of the rod-shaped flow regulating valve (11) is formed. On the side surface (7), a plurality of longitudinal holes (9) arranged in a row having a larger diameter toward the tip (8) side and a smaller diameter toward the base side are arranged near the peripheral side surface (7) of the tip (8). A communication hole (10) having a diameter equal to or larger than the maximum diameter of the vertical hole (9) is provided in communication with the entire vertical hole (9), and the piston (4) moves to the end and stops. In the state, the rod-shaped flow control valve (11) on the stop side has a packing part (6) with at least one vertical hole (9) opened from the original side to the inner chamber (2).
A stop / start speed adjusting cylinder characterized in that it is inserted into a cylinder. 4. A tubular body (1) having a closed end.
5), a packing portion (6) formed on the inner periphery of the main body (15), an outflow / inflow chamber (13) inside the main body (15) divided into two parts by the packing portion (6), and a front / rear inflow / outflow chamber ( 13) the front and rear outlets (12) provided in the main body (15) so as to communicate with the main body (15), and the movement of one of the pistons (4) which is airtightly inserted from the base side of the main body (15), when one of the pistons (4) stops or turns. The rod-shaped flow control valve (11) is configured so as to be interlocked with the packing part (6) and a rod-shaped flow control valve (11) that can be freely inserted and removed. 8) A plurality of vertical holes (9) having a larger diameter toward the side and a smaller diameter toward the original side are arranged, and communicate with all the vertical holes (9) near the peripheral side surface (7) of the tip (8). And a through hole (10) having a diameter equal to or larger than the maximum diameter of the vertical hole (9) is arranged, and the piston ( ) Has moved to one end and stopped, and the rod-shaped flow regulating valve (11) has a packing part with at least one or more vertical holes (9) opened from the original side to the rear inflow / outflow chamber (13). (6) a stop / start speed adjusting valve characterized in that one of the main body (15) and the inlet / outlet (12) communicates with the pump or compressor (16) and the other communicates with one of the outlet / inlet of the cylinder (3). .