JP2974652B2 - Reed instrument reed - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to reeds for reed instruments such as clarinet, oboe, saxophone and bassoon.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Specific conifers such as sitka spruce, red pine, and spruce spruce have been used for sound boards of pianos and violins. The material used for the soundboard is required to have the property of efficiently converting given energy into air vibration. 1. Specific gravity is small, that is, light. 2. The speed of sound transmitted through the material is high. 3. Sufficient strength to support the instrument body. It is required that the internal friction, which is an index indicating the ratio of the given energy lost as heat, be small.

The sound velocity Vs transmitted through a material is expressed by the following equation (1) using the dynamic Young's modulus E of the material and the specific gravity ρ, and the dynamic Young's modulus E of the material is divided by the specific gravity ρ. Since the sound velocity Vs is higher, the material is stronger against the specific gravity, that is, the material satisfies the above conditions a) to c).

[0004]

(Equation 1)

Further, since there is a negative correlation between the internal friction 1 / Q in the wood fiber direction and the sound speed Vs, the wood having a higher ratio of the Young's modulus E to the specific gravity ρ (E / ρ) = sound speed Vs It is said to be suitable for musical instrument soundboards.

On the other hand, since wood is an anisotropic material, the rigidity G is small relative to the Young's modulus E (E / G = large elastic modulus), and the internal friction 1 / Qb in the fiber direction is small. The internal friction 1 / Qs during the shear deformation is large, that is, the ratio (1 / Qs) / (1 / Qb) of the internal friction (1 / Qs) in the fiber direction and the internal friction (1 / Qb) during the shear deformation is large. It has the characteristic. Therefore, in the case of performing flexural vibration at a high frequency where the contribution of shear deformation is large, the apparent Young's modulus decreases and internal friction increases. This property is
It works as a filter that cuts high frequencies and softens the tone. Sitka spruce and Scots pine used for piano soundboard are the most elastic (E /
G) belongs to a large category, which is said to be the reason used for piano soundboards.

By the way, among the woodwind instruments, clarinet,
Saxophones make a sound by vibrating a single reed made of flat reeds at the singing mouth. Oboe and bassoon, on the other hand, use double leads to produce sound. Conventionally,
The reed used for woodwind instruments such as clarinet, oboe, saxophone, alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, bass clarinet, double bass clarinet, bassoon, etc., has a Japanese name "Yoshitake (Aruntake)
do donax) ", which has been processed by reeds. This reed material grows naturally in France, Spain, Italy, Algeria, Africa, Cuba, Veneera, India, Americana, etc., but its characteristics are influenced by the climate and the reeds for reed instruments are found in the Mediterranean. The southern side of France that is facing is of good quality, and most of the reeds currently in use are used.

[0008] Yoshitake is a biennial plant whose performance varies greatly depending on the thickness, climate, individual differences, etc., and is 8 m in height and thicker than the clarinet itself. It is performed during the second year when the leaves fall, but there is a limit to the thickness that can be used as a lead material, and there are few parts that have characteristics suitable for lead materials. It is only used for business. Furthermore, it takes two years to process the lead to make it a lead, and there is a variation in quality, and a delicate adjustment is required before use.

[0009] Today, when Western music has become a worldwide music, the demand for reeds has increased greatly with the development of brass band, but most of the demand depends on reeds in the Mediterranean region of southern France. And for that demand,
The problem is that the supply of high quality leads cannot keep up. Leading musicians need to meet high-quality reeds in order to perform well, but the situation has not been the same for nearly two decades, and they are heading for worse and are not looking for improvement.

[0010] Therefore, production of reeds has been attempted in Japan, but has failed due to climate and soil. At present, it is almost impossible for a reed instrument player to obtain a good quality reed, and replacements are strongly demanded. To date, a number of plastic products have been produced in the United States and France as substitutes, but none could surpass reeds.

[0011] Also, unlike a piano or a stringed musical instrument, a lead for a woodwind instrument is peculiar in that it is used wet, lip pressure is applied, or an extremely thin material is forcibly vibrated. Since the components used to maintain the above properties are eluted with use, the material changes irreversibly due to elution, or the wet process of the reed material during use and the drying process after use. There is a problem that remarkable deformation due to the depression of the cell wall due to repetition is likely to occur, and the life is short.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a stable supply of leads of constant quality using a material other than reed material at a low cost and in large quantities. It is another object of the present invention to provide a lead that is stable against a change in moisture state and has a long life.

[0013]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention relates to a method for producing a lead for a reed musical instrument, which comprises:
Kaspruce, Scots pine, Japanese cedar, German spruce, barn
Wood that has been acetylated using acetic anhydride on any of the trees
Was used.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The present invention relates to a lead of woodwind instruments such as the clarinet (reed instrument), Shitokasupu the lead
Loose, Scots pine, Japanese cedar, German spruce, cypress
Use any wood acetylated with acetic anhydride
It is characterized by being configured Te.

Reeds used in woodwind instruments need to have characteristics of not only efficiently converting applied energy into vibration, but also suppressing high-frequency vibration. For this purpose, the elastic modulus (E / G) is required. Larger Sitka spruce and Scots pine are considered appropriate. On the other hand, cedar has lower acoustic quality than Sitka spruce and Scots pine,
Since it has characteristics similar to reeds and is produced in large quantities in Japan and is available at very low cost, it is expected to be applied to reed materials from the viewpoint of supplying leads stably at low cost.

Among hardwoods, there are species having characteristics similar to reeds. However, in general, the amount of supply is small, the cost is high, and the specific gravity is large and the surface is hard. is there. Considering these, softwood having a low specific gravity is suitable as a lead material.

Furthermore, when considering the quality as a lead material, it is necessary to know not only the dry state but also the vibration characteristic in a wet state. However, to date, there have been few studies focused on the vibration characteristics of wood in a wet state (hereinafter referred to as a saturated state).

The outline of the vibration characteristics of reeds and wood is as follows. When wood gets wet, internal friction increases greatly.
It can be said that the internal friction (1 / Qb) of the reed is relatively low even in the saturated state. On the other hand, it can be said that the value of the elastic modulus (E / G), which is greatly related to the quality of the soundboard, is larger in wood than in reed. The change in vibration characteristics of reeds during the process from dry to wet is extremely small.
It can be said that the material is stable against a change in the moisture state.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show the vibration characteristics of the reed material and several types of wood in the case where the acetylation treatment is not performed in the saturated state and when it is performed. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the internal friction (1 / Qb) in the fiber direction and the dynamic Young's modulus (E ′) of various materials in a saturated state, and FIG. Ratio of internal friction (1 / Qs) to internal friction during shear deformation (1 / Qb) ((1 / Qs) / (1
/ Qb)) and the relationship between the elastic modulus (E ′ / G ′), which is the ratio of the Young's modulus E ′ and the composition ratio G ′.

The above measurement was performed using sitka spruce (SP),
Japanese red pine (AK), Japanese cedar (SG), Japanese linden (YR), Japanese kiri (KR), balsa (BS), Mizunara (MN), Makamba (MK), cherry (SK) and reeds after water extraction treatment at room temperature The dynamic Young's modulus (E ′) in the fiber direction and the internal friction (1 / Qb) at the both ends were determined by the free bending vibration method at both ends, and the rigidity (G ′) and the internal friction (1
/ Qs) was measured using the dynamic torsional vibration method. In these figures, + indicates a reed material, ○ with a symbol indicates untreated wood, and ● indicates acetylated wood. The symbol attached to ○ ● indicates that SP is Sitka spruce,
AK stands for Scots pine, SG stands for cedar, YR stands for Yurinoki, KR stands for Kiri, BS stands for Balsa, MN stands for Mizunara, MK stands for Makamba and SK stands for Sakura.

As shown in FIG. 1, the reed material has a dynamic Young's modulus E ′ (GPa) in the saturated state in the range of 3.4 to 8.5 GPa, and the internal friction (1 / Qb) in the fiber direction is: 0.5-1.
It can be seen that it is in the range of 1. On the other hand, in the case of wood, it can be seen that the acetylation treatment improves the internal friction in the fiber direction. Kiri (KR), Sugi (SR), Yulinoki (YR), Scots pine (AK), Mizunara (MN), Sakura (SK), Sitka spruce (SP), Makamba (MK)
It can be seen that by performing the acetylation treatment, internal friction in the fiber direction substantially equal to that of the reed material is exhibited. On the other hand, each piece of wood except balsa (BS) has a large dynamic Young's modulus E ′ in a saturated state, and is therefore suitable as a vibration material. The saturated Young's modulus E 'of the reed material and the internal friction 1 / Qb in the fiber direction were smaller than those of the soundboard wood, and were closer to cedar and drill.

FIG. 2 shows that the reed material has a saturated elastic modulus (E '/ G'), which is a ratio of the dynamic Young's modulus E 'in the saturated state to the rigidity G' in the saturated state. In the range of about 7-14, the ratio of internal friction ((1 / Qs) / (1 / Qb)) is
It turns out that it is in the range of about 1.8-3.7. on the other hand,
Wood is Mizunara (MN), Sakura (SK), Makamba (M
K) has a value similar to that of the reed material, and Kiri (KR), Sugi (SR), Yuri tree (YR), Scots pine (AK), and Sitka spruce (SP) have large elastic moduli. The anisotropy of the reed was smaller than that of the soundboard wood, and was closer to that of hardwood and many acetylated woods. on the other hand,
When the vibration characteristics were compared between the air-dried state and the water-saturated state, the vibration characteristics of the extracted reed were stable to the change in the water state, and the degree was comparable to that of the acetylated wood. Although the vibration characteristics of wood are unstable with respect to changes in the moisture state, this disadvantage can be improved by acetylation.

From the above results, in order to use wood as a lead, internal friction in the fiber direction (1/1 /
It is necessary to perform acetylation treatment in order to reduce Qb) to the reed and the degree of identification, and to minimize the change in vibration characteristics due to moisture absorption. Further, the anisotropy related to the quality of the reed needs to be equal to or higher than that of the reed material. In addition, since the lead tip must be thinned to 100 μm or less, it is desired that the lead has a density and a homogeneous structure similar to those of reeds. In consideration of these conditions, conifers are preferable as reed materials, and particularly, sitka spruce, red pine, and cedar are preferable. According to another measurement other than the above, it was found that spruce spruce and cypress were also suitable as lead materials.

Hereinafter, the method of the acetylation treatment will be described.
First, a wood specimen (or reed) is dried in an oven at 105 ° C. for about 12 hours to remove water. Then, immerse the coupon in acetic anhydride, depressurize (remove air),
Inject acetic anhydride into the coupon. The specimen into which acetic anhydride has been injected is heated at 120 ° C. for 12 hours. Thereafter, the specimen is quickly taken out and immersed in cold running water to remove unreacted acetic anhydride and acetic acid generated in the process. By performing this treatment, it is possible to eliminate the sour smell due to the remaining acetic anhydride and acetic acid, and to prevent the wood components from being hydrolyzed by heat during drying. Finally, the coupon is dried. If acetic acid odor remains, wash with ethanol.

As described above, by performing the acetylation treatment, the internal friction (1 / Qb) in the fiber direction when the wood is saturated can be reduced to the same level as that of the reed material, and the vibration caused by moisture absorption can be obtained. Since the change in characteristics can be minimized, it can be used as a lead for a lead musical instrument. In addition, the anisotropy related to the quality of the reed needs to be about the same as or higher than that of the reed material. In addition, since the tip of the reed must be thinned to 100 µm or less, It is desirable to have a similar density and a homogeneous structure. In consideration of these conditions, as a result of examination by the lead creator and player, it was confirmed that among the acetylated wood reeds, sitka spruce, red pine, Japanese cedar, German spruce, and cypress were preferable. Furthermore, reeds manufactured by the above method require fine processing in order to obtain appropriate vibration, compared to reeds made of reeds, but they can achieve the same tone and durability as reeds. It turns out.

[0026]

According to the present invention, the use of wood as a lead material has the following advantages. 1. There are no restrictions on the size of the lead, and leads of various sizes can be made. 2. The characteristics of reeds differ greatly from node to node, but in the case of wood, a single tree can provide a material with almost the same characteristics, so that many homogeneous reeds can be made. 3. Sitka spool material is imported wood, but since it is used for the soundboard of pianos, a large amount of reeds can be obtained by effectively utilizing the scraps produced in the manufacturing process of pianos and the like. 4. Since the acetylation treatment has been performed in advance, it is possible to provide a lead which is not affected by the sculpture of the extracted component and has little change over time. 5. Since the acetylation treatment is performed, abnormal deformation due to the depression of the cell wall hardly occurs, and a long-lasting lead can be provided. 6. Wood can be manufactured at a much lower cost than reeds if it is landscaping because of its simple processing. 7. Reeds are crops that are produced in vast fields, but there is currently too much timber to grow, and it does not take as much effort to grow as reeds, and it can be used anywhere to reduce product costs. . 8. Reed materials for reeds depend on 100% import, but the use of wood makes it possible not only to produce them locally but also to export them.

Further, the acetylation treatment has the following advantages. 1. It is possible to minimize the change in the vibration characteristic with respect to the change in the moisture state. 2. Creep deformation caused by pressure from the lower lip can be suppressed. 3. Deformation due to dimensional change can be suppressed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the dynamic elastic modulus of wood and reeds and the internal friction in the fiber direction.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the elastic modulus of wood and reed material, the ratio of internal friction in the fiber direction, and the ratio of internal friction in the internal direction during shearing.

[Explanation of symbols]

 AK Red pine spruce BS Balsa KR Killing MK Makamba MN Mizunara SG Sugi SK Sakura SP Sitka spruce YR Yurinoki

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G10D 9/02

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] (1) wood acetylated with acetic anhydride
A reed for a reed instrument, wherein the reed is used. 2. The wood is Sitka spruce, Red Ezoma
The reed for a reed instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the reed is one of Tsutsugi, Sugi, Deer spruce, and Hinoki . 3. A lead formed from wood or wood.
Drying the wood or the reed formed from wood using acetic anhydride
Acetic anhydride is immersed in and reduced pressure using wood or wood
Injecting into the formed leads, heating , removing unreacted acetic anhydride and acetic acid generated in the processing step
Process, acetylated wood or reeds formed from wood
Acetylated with acetic anhydride, characterized in that comprising the step, drying the
Manufacturing method of reed for musical instrument.