JP2942752B2 - Tunnel lining and its joints - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel lining including a primary lining composed of a plurality of segment rings, and a secondary lining covering the primary lining by pouring a fluid such as concrete. The present invention relates to a joint applied to:

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, with respect to a tunnel lining comprising only a plurality of segment rings, breakage of the connection or connection between the segment rings due to uneven settlement or occurrence of an earthquake is prevented, thereby preventing tunnel destruction. To this end, it has been proposed to arrange a flexible joint between any two segment rings facing each other.

[0003] According to this, a flexible joint allows relative displacement of both segment rings due to its bending performance,
This prevents breakage of the connection point between the two segment rings, ie, collapse of the tunnel.

[0004] By the way, a primary lining made of the segment ring and a secondary lining covering the same are formed by driving a fluid (curable fluid) such as concrete or mortar which has a property of solidifying over time. There is a tunnel lining consisting of a secondary lining. However, such tunnel linings have not been subjected to any measures such as uneven settlement and earthquake countermeasures as in the tunnel lining consisting of only the segment rings, and there is a high risk of tunnel collapse.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for uniformly setting a tunnel lining including a primary lining comprising a plurality of segment rings and a secondary lining formed by driving the curable fluid. To prevent collapse due to an earthquake or the like. Another object of the invention is to facilitate the construction of such tunnel linings, especially secondary linings.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a primary lining comprising a plurality of segment rings and a secondary lining formed by driving a fluid (hardening fluid) such as concrete or mortar over the primary lining. And a structure of the tunnel lining to which the joint is applied. In the present specification, "secondary lining"
Solidified concrete poured between the primary lining and a tubular steel foam temporarily installed in the space defined by the primary lining, or the primary lining and the tunnel placed in the space defined by the primary lining and the tunnel It means that it consists of solidified concrete or mortar that has been driven or poured into a part of a pipe.

The joint comprises a first joint member for the primary lining, a second joint member for the secondary lining, and a pair of third joint members for both the primary and secondary linings. And a joint member.

The first joint member has a cylindrical shape as a whole and has flexibility, and is disposed between a pair of opposed segment rings of the primary lining to connect the two segment rings to each other. The second joint member has flexibility, and defines a cylindrical surface embedded in the curable fluid and connected to the inner peripheral surface of the secondary lining. In addition, the third both joint members are:
Each is supported by the two segment rings and embedded in the curable fluid, receives a portion of the second joint member between the third joint members, and receives a portion of the second joint member. A closed space is defined between the first joint member and the first joint member. In the present invention, the second joint member is made of a rubber material, and a part of the second joint member received between the third joint members is in close contact with the third joint members. The second joint member has a cylindrical portion coaxially connected to the main body, and the cylindrical portion defines a cylindrical surface connected to the inner peripheral surface of the secondary lining. I do.

The first joint member includes a cylindrical main body, and a plurality of metal rods penetrating the main body in the axial direction, the rods having both ends fixed to the both segment rings. May be included.
The main body includes a plurality of rubber rings and a plurality of steel rings that are alternately arranged in the axial direction and are in close contact with each other, and between the pair of metal rings facing each other, the plurality of rubber rings that are in close contact with each other. A ring is located.

Further, as the means for connecting the segment rings to each other, another plurality of first joint members can be used. These first coupling members connect one segment ring and two other segment rings located on both sides of the segment ring, and have flexibility to allow relative displacement thereof. Under the use of these first coupling members, the third two coupling members are respectively supported by the two segment rings.

[0011]

According to the present invention, the first joint member interconnects the two segment rings of the primary lining,
The cylindrical portion of the second joint member defines a cylindrical surface continuous with the inner peripheral surface of the secondary lining, and the third joint member is a closed space between the first and second joint members. Therefore, the primary and secondary linings are divided into two parts with respect to the axial direction of the tunnel by the joint of the present invention, and these two parts are interconnected via the joint. Put in the state.

Since the first and second joint members are both flexible, both portions of the tunnel lining are connected to the first and second joint members when uneven settlement of the ground or an earthquake occurs. The relative displacement can be performed based on the bending performance of the member. At this time, the third joint members in the secondary lining supported by the both segment rings are relatively displaced together with both portions of the tunnel lining. The tunnel lining is prevented from destruction by the relative displacement of these two parts, thereby preventing the collapse of the tunnel.

[0013] When forming the secondary lining, a tubular steel foam or the pipe is introduced into a space defined by the primary lining. At this time, the second joint member is such that the cylindrical portion that defines a cylindrical surface that is continuous with the inner peripheral surface of the secondary lining is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the steel foam or pipe, and the main body is The closed space defined by the third joint members is moved in the radial direction of the tunnel, and is positioned coaxially with the steel foam or pipe.

Therefore, when the hardening fluid is driven between the steel foam or the pipe and the primary lining for the construction of the secondary lining, an inner peripheral surface of the formed secondary lining is formed. It is possible to easily obtain a smooth secondary lining surface (inner peripheral surface) in which the cylindrical surface of the second joint member is aligned and has no irregularities.

In the case where the first joint member is a cylindrical body including a plurality of metal rings and a plurality of rubber rings through which a metal rod passes, both segments connected by the first joint member When the ring is forced to move relative to the ground due to a change in the ground, the rod is bent, whereby a plurality of rubber rings that are in close contact with each other between the two metal rings radiate while maintaining a close relationship with each other. Slide in the direction. As a result, the cylindrical body is deformed or bent so as to have a stepped shape as a whole while maintaining watertightness.
This phenomenon occurs when the force acting on the rod due to the fluctuation of the ground exceeds the bending strength of the rod.

In a tunnel lining including a joint of another example, in the event of differential settlement or an earthquake, the bending performance of the first joint member causes one segment ring and each segment ring adjacent thereto to be bent. Are relatively displaced, and the third joint member supported by each of the adjacent segment rings is displaced together with each of the segment rings and the respective portions of the secondary lining. This avoids damage to the tunnel lining and collapse of the tunnel.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIG. 1, a tunnel lining 10 and a joint 12 applied to the tunnel lining are schematically shown.

The tunnel lining 10 includes a primary lining 14 for covering the ground of the tunnel and a secondary lining 16 for covering the primary lining. The tunnel has a cross-sectional shape such as a circle and a rectangle, and both linings 14 and 16 have a cross-sectional shape such as a circle and a rectangle corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel.

The primary lining 14 is composed of a plurality of segment rings 18 arranged in series along the axis of the tunnel and connected to each other by fastening means such as bolts to be described later.

Each of the segment rings 18 constituting the primary lining 14 is formed by assembling a plurality of segments into a circular ring or a rectangular ring along the tunnel wall surface. The segments include steel segments, concrete segments, composite segments, and the like.

The secondary lining 16 is made of a fluid having a property of solidifying with time, for example, a solidified material such as concrete or mortar. Secondary lining 16 and steel foam described below,
The pipe or the like also has a cross-sectional shape such as a circle or a rectangle depending on the shape of the tunnel cross section.

In the illustrated example, the secondary lining 16 fills the space between the cylindrical primary lining 14 and the cylindrical steel foam 20 disposed in the tunnel space defined by the primary lining. The solidified concrete 22 has an inner peripheral surface 24 that is coaxial and has the same diameter as the cylindrical surface that is the outer peripheral surface of the steel foam 20.

At both ends, the steel foam 20 is placed on the inner peripheral surface of a rear secondary lining 26 similar to the secondary lining, which was constructed prior to the secondary lining 16. Through a wheel 28 and a wheel 32 mounted on the inner peripheral surface of a primary lining 30 in front of the primary lining similar to the primary lining, which is constructed prior to the primary lining 14. Supported.

The steel foam 20 includes a plurality of divided portions (not shown) that can be folded inward. After the concrete 22 is solidified, the divided portions are folded to release the mold. Under the rolling of 32, it is moved further to the concrete placing area defined by the primary lining 30 in front.

The secondary lining 16 to which the present invention is directed
Is a pipe (not shown) made of, for example, a pipe made of vinyl chloride, a pipe made of ductile, etc., which is installed in the primary lining 14 in place of the steel foam 20 which is temporarily installed and forms a part of the structure of the tunnel. ) And between the primary lining 14 and solidified concrete or mortar.

The joint 12 of the present invention is installed before the concrete 22 is cast, more specifically, when the primary lining 14 is constructed.

As shown in FIG. 2, the joint 12 includes a first joint member 34 disposed between any pair of segment rings 18 and interconnecting the segment rings 18.
, A second joint member 36 and a pair of third joint members 38
And

The first joint member 34 has a cylindrical main body 40.
And a rod made of metal such as steel or aluminum, and preferably made of stainless steel, penetrating the main body 40.

The main body 40 includes a plurality of (five in the illustrated example) rings 44 made of metal such as steel or aluminum, which are arranged at intervals in the axial direction thereof, and a pair of rings 44 opposed to each other. And two (two in the illustrated example) rubber rings 46. That is,
The plurality of metal rings 44 and the plurality of rubber rings 46 are arranged alternately.

The rings 44, 46 have the same outer diameter and substantially the same inner diameter. The rubber ring 46 is fixed or adhered to the metal ring 44 by welding.
The rubber rings 46 are in close contact with each other to ensure watertightness therebetween. In the illustrated example, the rings 46 are brought into close contact with each other by tightening a nut 62 which is screwed to the rod 42.

Accordingly, the rubber ring 46 can be moved or displaced in the diameter direction together with the metal ring 44, and the rubber rings 46 which are in close contact with each other are slid in the diameter direction with respect to one another. Displacement is possible (see FIG. 3).

In the illustrated example, the width dimension (length in the axial direction) of the pair of metal rings 44 defining both ends in the axial direction of the main body 40 is different from that of the metal ring 44 in order to secure a mounting portion for the third joint member 38. Is set to be larger than the metal ring 44 of FIG.

The two rings 44 located at both ends are in contact with the two segment rings 18, respectively. More specifically, each of the illustrated segment rings 18 comprises a plurality of steel segments, and each ring 44 contacts an arc-shaped main girder 48 of the steel segment.

In order to ensure watertightness between the ring 44 and the main girder 48, a ring-shaped sealing member 50 extending in the circumferential direction is arranged between them. The other segment rings 18 are fastened to each other via a plurality of bolts 52 penetrating the main beam 48 of these segments and a plurality of nuts 54 screwed to these bolts. Similar sealing material 5 is provided between the segment rings 18.
0 is arranged.

In the illustrated example, the first joint member 34
Is provided with a cylindrical cover 56 for covering the outer peripheral surface of and protecting the outer peripheral surface. The cover 56 is made of a material that is deformable and resistant to tearing and has water impermeability, for example, a rubberized canvas, and is fixed to the metal rings 44 at both ends at both ends. For this fixation,
Each metal ring 44 has a notch 5 extending in the circumferential direction.
On the other hand, a pair of rubber rings 60 that hold the cover 56 are attached to both ends of the cover 56.
Both rubber rings 60 are received in notches 58 in each ring 44 and each ring 44 and the main spar 4
8 and is in a crushed state.

The metal rod 42 penetrating the main body 40 of the first joint member further penetrates the main beam 48 of the adjacent segment ring. Nuts 62 are screwed into both ends of each rod 42 penetrating the main girder 48. By tightening the nut 62, the two segment rings 18 are connected to each other by the first joint member 34, and the rings 44 and 46 of the main body 40 are tightened. Thereby, each ring 4 at both ends of the main body
4 are integral with the main beam 48 of each segment ring.

Next, the second joint member 36 is made of a rubber material and has flexibility. The second joint member 36 is inside, that is, inward of, the space surrounding the first joint member 34, and is supported by the third joint members 38 as described later.

The illustrated second joint member 36 comprises an annular main body 64 and a tubular portion 66 inside the main body 64 and coaxially connected to the main body. Part of main body 64 and cylindrical portion 6
6 is embedded in concrete 22 when the secondary lining 16 is formed. More specifically, the part of the main body 64 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 66 are in contact with the concrete 22,
A cylindrical surface 68 which is an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 66 is exposed. Tube surface 6
8 has the same diameter as the inner peripheral surface 24 of the secondary lining 18. When the tunnel has a rectangular cross section instead of a circular cross section, the cylindrical surface 68 is formed of a rectangular square cylindrical surface instead of a cylindrical surface.

Further, in the illustrated example, the cylindrical portion 66 has a pair of flange portions 7 protruding radially outward at both ends thereof.
Has zero. The flange portion 70 has a shape that widens outward in the radial direction when viewed in a cross section. The flange portion 70 is buried in concrete to prevent the second joint member 36 from separating or coming off from the secondary lining 18.

Each of the third joint members 38 is made of a steel plate-like body having an overall circular or rectangular shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel. The third two joint members 38
The first joint member 34 is disposed inside the first joint member 34 at a distance from each other in the axial direction of the first joint member.
Are supported by both segment rings 18. More specifically, each third joint member 38 is fixed to a metal ring 44 at the end of the main body 40 of the first joint member 34 with a plurality of bolts 72, and each segment ring 18 is connected via each ring 44. It is supported by.

The third joint member 38 has an inner peripheral end 74 that terminates before reaching the inner peripheral surface 24 of the secondary lining, and the second joint member 36 is disposed between the inner peripheral ends 74. Are received, and both inner peripheral ends 74 and the main body 64 are in liquid-tight contact with each other. From this, the third joint member 3
8 can be displaced relative to the main body 64 of the second joint member 36 in the diametric direction (radial direction), and the third joint members 38 are connected to the main body 64 of the second joint member 36 and the first joint member 38. Closed space 7 that does not allow intrusion of concrete 22 cast for construction of secondary lining 16
6 is specified.

Accordingly, the joint 12 is buried in the concrete 22 leaving the closed space 76. More specifically, the metal rings 4 at both ends which are a part of the first joint member.
4, a part of the inner side of the main body 64, which is a part of the second joint member, both ends of the cylindrical portion 68, and a part of the third joint members 38 are embedded in the concrete 22.

As a result, both the primary and secondary linings 14,
The tunnel lining 10 consisting of 16
It is divided and connected axially into two parts 78, 80, which are respectively connected to the ring 44 at both ends of the first coupling member, the third coupling members 38, and the second coupling member. It is integral with the inner portion of the body 64 of the member and both ends of the tubular portion 66.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, when uneven settlement of the ground or an earthquake occurs, both portions 7
8, 80 are the bending of the first joint member 34 and the accompanying deformation of the rod 42, the bending or elastic deformation of the second joint member 36, and the third joint members 38 with respect to the second joint member 36. Relative displacement of the tunnel lining 10, thereby avoiding the destruction of the tunnel lining 10 and therefore the collapse of said tunnel. The rod 42 of the first joint member is bent by the radial displacement of the metal ring 44, and the rubber ring 46 is elastically deformed according to the deformation of the rod 42 passing therethrough.

As shown in FIG. 4, the first joint member 34 can be made of, for example, a bellows 82 made of rubber. In the joint 12 shown in FIG. 4, the respective outer ends 71 of both third joint members 38 are directly fixed to the respective segment rings 18, whereby each third joint member 38 is It is supported by the ring 18 and supports the second joint member 36 on its body 64 as in the example shown in FIG. This allows
A closed space 76 is defined between the main body 64 and the bellows 82.

The both ends of the bellows 82 are
The bellows 82 connects the two segment rings 18 via the third two joint members 38. Bellows 82 is flexible and allows relative displacement of both portions 78,80 of the tunnel lining. In this example, each segment ring 18 also comprises a segment made of concrete.

Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a first joint member 34 of still another example. In the joint 12 shown here, a plurality of first joint members 34 are used.

In the illustrated example, these first joint members 3
4, one segment ring 18 and two other segment rings 1 located on both sides of the segment ring.
8 are connected to each other.

Each of the first joint members 34 shown in FIG. 5 includes a bolt 84 penetrating the main beam 48 of each of the steel segments constituting the segment rings 18 facing each other, and a nut 86 screwed to the bolt 84. A pair of flat washers 88
And a flexible member 90 therebetween, and the bolt 84 is provided with these flat washers and the flexible member 90.
Penetrates.

A pair of flat washers 88 and a flexible member 90
Is located between the head of the bolt 84 and the main girder 48 of one of the segment rings 18, and the other pair is a nut 86.
And the main girder 48 of the other segment ring 18, both sets of washers 88 and flexible members 90 are provided with nuts 86.
Are tightened together in the axial direction of the bolt 84. The flexible member 90 is made of, for example, a rubber material.

As shown in FIG. 5, the segment rings 18 facing each other can be displaced unequally due to squatting, an earthquake, etc. due to the bending performance or elastic deformation performance of the flexible member 90 between the flat washers 88. is there.

In the example shown in FIG. 5, the second
A second joint member 36 similar to the joint member of
Outer end 71 of each third joint member 38 supported at
Are fixed to the main beam 48 of each of the two segment rings 18. Thus, a closed space 76 is provided between the first segment ring 18 between the two segment rings 18 and the main body 64 that is a part of the second joint member 36.
Is stipulated.

Accordingly, the third joint members 38 are displaced together with the two segment rings 18 and relative to the second joint member 36 at the time of uneven settlement, earthquake, or the like. Thus, the tunnel lining and the destruction of the tunnel are likewise avoided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a primary lining, a secondary lining and a tunnel lining including the joint of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged longitudinal sectional view of a joint.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged sectional view of the joint shown in FIG. 2 in a deformed state.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged longitudinal sectional view of a joint of another example.

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged sectional view of a joint according to another example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Tunnel lining 12 Joint 14 Primary lining 16 Secondary lining 18 Segment ring 20 Steel foam 22 Fluid (concrete) 24 Inner peripheral surface of secondary lining 34 First joint member 36 Second joint member 38 Third joint member 64, 66 Main body and tubular portion of second joint member

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Shoji Fujima 10 Tenjincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Toyo Tire & Rubber Co., Ltd. Sales East Japan Co., Ltd. (56) References Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-22818 (JP, B2) (58) Survey Field (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E21D 11/04

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A tunnel lining comprising a primary lining constructed by a plurality of segment rings and a secondary lining constructed by driving a fluid having a property of solidifying over time and covering the primary lining. A flexible tubular first joint member disposed between a pair of opposed segment rings of the primary lining and connecting the two segment rings to each other; and the fluid A flexible second joint member embedded in the second lining and defining a cylindrical surface connected to the inner peripheral surface of the secondary lining, and supported by the both segment rings and embedded in the fluid; A pair of third coupling members for receiving a portion of the second coupling member therebetween and defining a closed space between the second coupling member and the first coupling member; A pair of third
The second joint member is made of a rubber material, and a part of the second joint member received between the third joint members is in close contact with the third joint members. The second joint member has a cylindrical portion coaxially connected to the main body, and the cylindrical portion defines a cylindrical surface connected to the inner peripheral surface of the secondary lining. Do, fittings. 2. A tunnel lining comprising a primary lining constructed by a plurality of segment rings and a secondary lining constructed by driving a fluid having a property of solidifying over time and covering the primary lining. A plurality of first joint members for connecting the one segment ring and each of the other two segment rings located on both sides of the segment ring so that they can be relatively displaced; A second joint member having flexibility, which is buried in the fluid and defines a cylindrical surface continuous with the inner peripheral surface of the secondary lining; and a flexible joint member supported by the two segment rings and provided in the fluid, respectively. A pair of third coupling members embedded between the first coupling member and a part of the second coupling member, and closed between the second coupling member and the first segment ring. Define space A pair of third joint members,
The second joint member is made of a rubber material, and a part of the second joint member received between the third joint members is an annular body that is in close contact with the third joint members. Further, the second joint member has a cylindrical portion coaxially connected to the main body, and the cylindrical portion defines a cylindrical surface connected to an inner peripheral surface of the secondary lining. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first joint member includes a tubular main body,
A plurality of metal rods penetrating the main body in the axial direction thereof and having both ends fixed to the two segment rings, wherein the main bodies are alternately arranged in the axial direction and are in close contact with each other. 2. The joint according to claim 1, comprising a metal ring and a plurality of rubber rings, wherein the plurality of rubber rings in close contact with each other are arranged between the pair of metal rings facing each other. 4. A joint comprising: a primary lining composed of a plurality of segment rings, a secondary lining constructed by driving a fluid having a property of solidifying over time and covering the primary lining, and a joint; A first tubular flexible joint member disposed between a pair of opposed segment rings of the primary lining and connecting the two segment rings to each other, and the second joint member embedded in the fluid. A second joint member having flexibility, which defines a cylindrical surface connected to the inner peripheral surface of the next lining, and a pair of third joints respectively supported by the two segment rings and embedded in the fluid; A pair of third members for receiving a portion of the second coupling member therebetween and defining a closed space between the portion of the second coupling member and the first coupling member. And a joint member, wherein the second joint member is A part of the second joint member, which is made of a rubber material and is received between the third joint members, comprises an annular body which is in close contact with the third joint members;
Further, the second joint member has a tubular portion coaxially connected to the main body, and the tubular portion defines a cylindrical surface connected to an inner peripheral surface of the secondary lining, and a structure of a tunnel lining. . 5. A joint comprising: a primary lining composed of a plurality of segment rings, a secondary lining constructed by driving a fluid having a property of solidifying over time and covering the primary lining, and a joint; A plurality of first joint members for connecting one segment ring and each of the other two segment rings located on both sides of the segment ring so as to be relatively displaceable, and embedded in the fluid. And a second joint member having flexibility, which defines a cylindrical surface connected to the inner peripheral surface of the secondary lining, and a pair of flexible members each supported by the two segment rings and embedded in the fluid. A third joint member for receiving a portion of the second joint member therebetween and defining a closed space between the second joint member and the first joint member; And a third joint member of The second joint member is made of a rubber material, and a part of the second joint member received between the third joint members is formed of an annular body that is in close contact with the third joint members. And the second joint member has a cylindrical portion coaxially connected to the main body, and the cylindrical portion defines a cylindrical surface connected to an inner peripheral surface of the secondary lining. Structure.