JP2931263B2 - Blast processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to blasting of a workpiece by injecting a projection material flowing down from a projection material hopper provided at an upper portion of a projection chamber toward the workpiece by an ejection means connected to the bottom of the hopper. More particularly, the present invention relates to a blasting apparatus suitable for precision blasting and peening, which requires precise control of the processing state.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG. 5, this type of gravity type blasting apparatus conventionally used conventionally has a hopper 402 in which a projectile S is loaded above a projection chamber 401 as shown in FIG. The bottom of the lever hopper 402 is squeezed into a funnel shape and connected to the blast material take-out portion 403. The blast material take-out portion 403 is connected to the nozzle 405 by a flexible blast material hose 404. The nozzle 405 is fixed to a predetermined position by a fixing means 407 by connecting an air hose 406 connected to the projection means 401.
In the lower part of the table, a table 408 is provided for positioning the work W facing the nozzle 405, while an air inlet 409 is provided in the upper wall of the projection chamber, and the bottom of the projection chamber 401 is funnel-shaped. The blast material collection pipe 410 faces the cyclone formed at the upper part of the hopper 402, and the dust collection pipe 411 is connected to the cyclone and the blower 412 is mounted. It is connected to a dust collector 413.

In such a gravity-type blasting apparatus, when the blower 412 is operated and high-pressure air is supplied to the air hose 406, the blast material S in the nozzle 405 is jetted toward the work W, and And the projectile S in the hopper 402 is guided to the nozzle 405 via the projectile hose 404 by the resulting negative pressure. On the other hand, the projection material S colliding and scattered on the workpiece W and dust generated as a result of processing are generated by the blower 412 and enter the projection chamber 401 through the air inlet 409, and the projection material collection pipe 410, the hopper 402, and the dust collection pipe The blast material S is conveyed by a dust flow that passes through the dust collector 411 sequentially to the dust collector 413, is separated by the cyclone at the upper part of the hopper 402 and is collected in the hopper, and the dust is collected in the dust collector to be continuously processed. Becomes possible.

Here, the projection material take-out portion 403 is constituted by an air introduction pipe 403a and a projection material guide tube 403b which is opened at an angle, and the projection material which is pressed downward by the projection materials S stacked here. The blast material at the opening of the guide tube 403b, even if the negative pressure is generated,
There is a problem that the material does not easily move to the shot material hose 404 and the supply amount of the shot material S fluctuates unstablely. If the overlap between the air introduction pipe 403a and the projection material guide cylinder 403b is increased, the supply amount of the projection material is reduced.
Although it is possible to slightly adjust the supply amount of the blast material by adjusting the position of 3a, it is strongly desired to provide a device which is unstable as described above and which can easily and accurately adjust the supply amount of the blast material. Was rare. In addition, in order to give a degree of freedom to the movement of the nozzle 405, the flexible shot material hose 404 is generally provided with a long space with a margin and is used by being greatly bent. A large bend in the flexible hose tends to cause clogging of the blast material S, and further has the problem that the fluctuation is promoted.

[0005]

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to improve the amount of the shot material to be sprayed easily, and to reduce the variation thereof. Blast processing apparatus.

[0006]

A blasting machine according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is characterized in that a blasting material flowing down from a blasting material hopper provided at an upper portion of a projection chamber is covered by a blasting means connected to a hopper bottom. In a gravity-type blasting apparatus configured to blast the workpiece by injecting the workpiece into the workpiece, the blasting material hopper includes a first hopper and a second hopper having an upper opening facing a discharge port at a bottom thereof. A flow rate limiting plate having a projection material dropping port interposed between the two hoppers, and a hard material is provided at a discharge port at the bottom of the second hopper.
A first pipe made of a material is connected to the first pipe.
The lower part is made of a hard material connected to the injection means.
Slidably fitted into the upper part of the second pipe,
The sliding portion applies the negative pressure generated by the injection means to the second hose.
Characterized in that it is configured to be able to be guided to the hopper .

[0007] Such a blast processing apparatus of the present invention comprises:
In the blast material flow path from the blast material flowing down from the first hopper at the upper part of the blast chamber to the nozzle as the spraying means,
The hopper is configured to be freely dropped through the blast material drop opening of the flow rate limiting plate provided at the bottom of the hopper, so that a constant amount of blast material can be stably supplied to the nozzle, and the supply amount is the blast material drop port. In the case where the size of the vibrating means or the vibrating means is provided, it can be easily adjusted by the magnitude of the vibrating means, and the flow rate limiting plate provided with the above-mentioned blast material dropping port is used for stopping the supply of the blast material. In addition to having a shutter function, the projector can be moved to select a different size of the blast material drop port or to change the opening area of the blast material drop port. It can be easily adjusted. Moreover, the second e
A first pipe made of hard material is provided at the outlet at the bottom of the hopper.
And the lower part of the first pipe is used as the injection means.
Upper part of a second pipe of hard material connected
Slidably fitted into the injection means, and this sliding part is
The generated negative pressure to the second hopper.
In this way, from the hopper to the nozzle
Eliminates flexible hoses that were conventionally used for projectile flow paths
And connected by a double pipe made of hard material
The nozzle height can be adjusted freely and the nozzle can be adjusted from the hopper.
Is supplied linearly to the
Supply is stable .

[0008]

Next, three embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. (Embodiment 1) The gravity type blasting machine shown in FIG.
A first hopper 102 loaded with a blast material S is mounted on an upper part of a projection chamber 101, and a vibration motor 103 serving as a vibrating means is fixed to the first hopper 102, and the bottom of the first hopper 102 is squeezed in a funnel shape for projection. It is formed in a material take-out part 104, and the opening of the blast material take-out part 104 is closed by a flow rate limiting plate 105. The flow rate limiting plate 105 is provided with a blast material drop port 105a, and is configured to be slidable left and right along a blast material take-out portion 104 by a cylinder 106. An opening at the top of the first hopper 1 is located below the flow rate limiting plate 105.
Second hopper 1 facing the opening of the blast material take-out unit 104 of No. 02
07, and the bottom of the second hopper 107 is squeezed into a funnel and connected to a first pipe 108 made of a hard material such as a stainless steel pipe, and the first pipe 108 is connected to a nozzle 110 serving as an injection means. The pipe is inserted into a second pipe 109 made of a hard material such as a stainless steel pipe so that a part of the pipe is doubled. Thus, the flexible material conventionally used for the blast material flow path from the hopper to the nozzle is used. Since the hose is abolished and connected by a double pipe made of hard material, the height of the nozzle can be adjusted freely and the blast material is supplied straight from the hopper to the nozzle, so the supply amount of the blast material is further It is stable.

Further, since the negative pressure generated in the nozzle 110 is easily applied to the second hopper 107 disposed on a straight line connecting the nozzle 110 and the first hopper 102, the inner diameter of the outer pipe 109 is changed to the inner pipe. If the outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the nozzle 108 by about 0.5 mm to 1 mm, the negative pressure can be applied to the second hopper 107 satisfactorily, and the second pipe 109 can be freely moved up and down to adjust the position of the nozzle 110. There is no hindrance. The nozzle 110 is fixed to a stand 114 erected in the projection chamber 101 by a nozzle fixing jig 113 so as to be able to move up and down. An air hose 111 is connected to the nozzle 110 so that the air hose 111 High-pressure air pipe 1 guided outside the chamber 101
12.

Further, an intake port 115 for introducing outside air into the projection chamber is provided on an upper wall surface of the projection chamber 101, and a bottom portion of the projection chamber 101 is narrowed down in a funnel shape to form a projection material collection port 116. In addition, a table 1 in which a work W is located at a position facing the nozzle 110
17, a door 118 for taking in and out the work and a rubber glove 119 for working in the projection room are provided. The above-mentioned blast material collecting port 116 is connected to a blast material collecting pipe 120, and the blast material collecting pipe 120 is exposed to a cyclone formed at an upper portion of the hopper 102. A dust collecting pipe 121 is connected to the cyclone to collect dust. Pipe 121 is exhaust port 1
The dust collector 122 is connected to a dust collector 122 equipped with a blower 123 provided with 23a. The dust collector 122 is provided with a cleaning door 124 for opening and closing a dust outlet.

In the apparatus constructed as described above, the door 118 is opened, the work W is placed at a predetermined position on the table 117, the door 118 is closed, and the electric and fluid circuits (not shown) are operated to operate the blower 123. To operate the vibration motor 1
03 to activate the high pressure air of a predetermined pressure to the air hose 11.
1 and normally moved to the right to remove the blast material
If the flow rate limiting plate 105 closing the opening of No. 4 is moved to the left so that the blast material drop opening 105a faces the opening, the blast material S starts free falling from the blast material drop port 105a. The projectiles that fall freely in the process are not affected by the pressure, so that there is little occurrence of bridging as in the case where the projectiles are forcibly sucked from one hopper, the type and amount of the projectiles, The projectile S is stably dropped and supplied at a speed defined by the cross-sectional area and the degree of vibration.
The amount of the shot material does not significantly increase or decrease if it is circulated as described later. However, the first hopper 102 is provided with a shot material amount measuring means to control the vibration intensity and the like according to the shot material amount. It is also possible to ensure long-term stability.

The projectile S that has fallen freely in this way is
The nozzle 110 invades the upper opening of the second hopper 107 due to the negative pressure generated by the injection of the high-pressure air, and the nozzle 1
10, enters the first pipe 108 from the bottom of the second hopper through the bottom of the second hopper, reaches the nozzle via the second pipe 109, is accelerated by high-pressure air and is jetted toward the workpiece W, and is subjected to predetermined processing. Here, if the amount of the blast material S is supplied to the second hopper 107 in accordance with the consumption, the blast material S does not stay in the second hopper 107, There is no factor that makes the supply of the blasting material S unstable, and a predetermined amount of the blasting material S can be stably injected. It is also possible to freely move the nozzle 110 and the work W during the processing by putting a hand in the rubber glove 119.

The blasted material S scattered on the workpiece and dust generated as a result of the processing are collected in the blast material recovery port 116 by the external air flow entering from the air inlet 115, guided to the blast material recovery pipe 120, and The heavy projectile S is separated from the airflow, collected by the first hopper 102 and reused, and the light dust and the like together with the airflow pass through the dust collection pipe 121 to the dust collector 122, where the dust is collected in the dust collector. The airflow is captured by the exhaust port 1
Discarded from 23a. By circulating and using the projectile in this way, it is convenient for continuous use. New projectile material corresponding to the projectile material that is crushed and worn is appropriately supplied to the first hopper 102, and dust accumulated in the dust collector is cleaned by the cleaning door 124. If it is opened and taken out, use can be continued stably.

When predetermined processing is completed in this way,
If the vibration motor 103 is stopped and the cylinder 106 is operated to move the flow rate limiting plate 105 to the right, the opening of the blast material take-out unit 104 is closed again and the fall of the blast material S is stopped. Only the air continues to be sprayed, and by putting a hand in the rubber glove 119 to move the nozzle 110 and the work W to blow the air, the projection material or the like which still remains is projected before the projection chamber 101 is opened. It can be discharged from the inside. Conventional blasting machines often do not have a positive means for stopping the supply of the blast material as described above, and often provided with an air blow nozzle separately from the injection nozzle, but in the blasting apparatus of this embodiment Need not be.

Next, the supply of compressed air to the nozzle is stopped, and the operation of only the blower 123 is continued for a while, so that the
1 after removing the dust in the work W
Is taken out and sent to the next step, and the work to be processed next is charged into a predetermined position, and the processing is started again by the above-described procedure.

The stainless steel plate is subjected to shot peening using the above blasting machine,
Table 1 shows the stability of the peening effect in comparison with the results of a conventional blasting machine.

[0017]

[Table 1]

According to the results shown in Table 1, in the comparative example using the conventional blasting device, the deviation, which is the difference between the maximum and the minimum of the surface residual stress value after 10 times of processing, is 258 MP.
However, in this embodiment, the deviation is only 85, and the value of this surface residual stress is considered to be proportional to the projection speed and the total amount of blasted material within a certain processing time. Can be confirmed that the projection speed and the amount of the blast material are stable.

The results in Table 1 show that stainless steel beads of # 200 were used for the projectile, and the area of the projectile drop port was 25.
and mm ^2, was obtained by comparing the results of the stainless steel plate by supplying high-pressure air was 10 seconds peening 0.3 MPa.
The surface residual stress was obtained by measuring the central portion of the workpiece after the processing by the X-ray diffraction method.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 2 shows a projection material supply amount adjusting section 200 in a blast processing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. The other parts omitted in this figure have the same structure as in the first embodiment. The first hopper 201 has its bottom portion squeezed into a funnel shape to form a blast material take-out portion 202. The opening of the blast material take-out portion 202 is
3 is blocked. Here, the flow rate limiting plate 203 is a fan-shaped plate-like member, and has two types of blast material drop ports, namely, a small blast material drop port 203a and a large blast material drop port 203b.
And is configured to be rotatable while sliding on a projection material take-out portion 202 around a support column 204 erected on a first hopper 201. Also, one end of the flow restricting plate 203 is connected to a cylinder 205 having the other end pivotally fixed to the first hopper 201 with a degree of freedom in the rotational direction. A sensor 206a is provided at a position where only the shot material dropout 203a faces the shot material take-out unit 202,
A sensor 206b for detecting the position of any of the projection material dropping ports that does not face the projection material takeout unit 202 is provided.
02, a sensor 20 for detecting the position
6c, an electric circuit and a fluid pressure circuit are formed at each position so that the flow restricting plate 203 can be stopped arbitrarily.

Since the second embodiment is constructed as described above, when processing is started in the same manner as in the first embodiment, B
By selectively moving the flow restricting plate 203 located at the position A, it is possible to carry out the processing in which a small amount of the blasting material is supplied by moving it to the position A, and to move it to the position C. In this case, it is possible to perform the processing in which a large amount of the projection material is supplied. Further, if a necessary number of such projection material drop openings are further provided, for example, it can be automatically selected and processed based on, for example, the data on the work transport state and the respective processing commands stored therein. It is possible.

Using the blasting machine as described above, a projection material drop opening having a projection material drop opening area of 25 mm ^{2 and} a projection material drop opening having a projection material drop opening area of 50 mm ^{2 have} a size of 75 μm. When a change in the projection amount was measured by performing a stainless steel bead injection test, it was confirmed that the variation was 1.5% or less and the stability was excellent in each case.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 3 shows a projection material supply amount adjusting section 300 of a blast processing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. The other parts omitted in this figure have the same structure as in the first embodiment. The first hopper 301 in this embodiment has a projecting material take-out portion formed by squeezing the bottom of the first hopper 301 in a funnel shape, and the projecting material taking-out portion is formed by an auxiliary flow rate limiting plate 302 having a triangular auxiliary projecting material drop port 302a. It is covered, and its opening is also a triangular projectile fall port 303a.
Is closed by a flow rate limiting plate 303 which is formed by drilling in the opposite direction. The flow rate limiting plate 303 is fitted to a pair of rails 304 facing each other, and is configured to be movable left and right while being moved along the rail 304 to the auxiliary flow rate limiting plate 302. Has a trapezoidal female screw 305 fixed thereto, and a trapezoidal male screw 306 is hinged to the trapezoidal female screw 305. The trapezoidal male screw 306 is rotatable by a pair of bearings 307a and 307b fixed to the first hopper 301. One end of the trapezoidal male screw 306 is fixed to the coupler 308
Are connected to a pulse motor 308 which is also fixed to the first hopper 301.

Since the third embodiment is configured as described above, when the machining is started as in the first embodiment, the flow restricting plate 303 located at the right end is moved to the left by a predetermined amount during the stop. Accordingly, it becomes possible to supply a predetermined amount of the projection material according to the overlapping area from the opening formed by the overlapping of the auxiliary projection material dropping port 302a and the projection material dropping port 303a to perform the processing. In addition, by counting the number of rotation pulses of the pulse motor 308, measuring the position of the flow rate limiting plate 303, and the like, the opening area is grasped, and processing is performed by continuously or stepwise changing the supply amount of the blast material during processing. Can also. In addition, the amount of reduction of the blast material in the first hopper 301 is measured by a measuring means or the like, and a command is issued to the pulse motor 308 so that the measured value falls within a predetermined range, thereby more stably controlling the supply amount of the blast material. You can also.

Using a blasting machine as described above, a jet test of stainless steel beads of 75 μm was performed, and the relationship between the opening area and the projection amount is shown in FIG. According to the results of FIG. 4, the flow rate of the blast material is substantially proportional to the opening area. If such a calibration curve is separately prepared, the flow rate of the blast material can be easily set to a predetermined flow rate. is there. In addition, when the deviation of the blast material flow rate was checked by repeating the test 10 times for each opening area, the smaller the opening area, the larger the ratio of the deviation to the average value of the blast material flow rate. Even in the case of 3 mm ² , it was only 2%, and in the case of an opening area of 100 mmm ² , it was 0.8%, which was sufficiently stable in any opening area.

[0026]

As apparent from the above description, the present invention provides:
Since the flow rate of the blast material can be remarkably stabilized, the quality of the work can be improved and the occurrence of defective products can be prevented, and the structure is simple, inexpensive to manufacture and complicated. Since no special control is required, it can be easily introduced into a conventional process. In addition, it is now possible to easily set the shot material flow rate in a short time, which was conventionally done over a long time by intuition, trial and error, and automatically change the setting of the shot material flow rate as necessary. Is also possible. Accordingly, the present invention solves the problems of the conventional blasting apparatus of this type, and has a great effect on the industrial world.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of another example of the blast material supply amount adjusting unit according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of still another example of the blast material supply amount adjusting unit according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a flow rate of a blast material and an opening area obtained in an injection test performed using the blast processing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway front view showing a typical example of this type of conventional blasting device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 101 Projection chamber 102 First hopper 103 Vibration motor 104 Projection material take-out part 105 Flow rate limiting plate 105a Projection material falling port 106 Cylinder 107 Second hopper 108 First pipe 109 Second pipe 110 Nozzle 201 First hopper 202 Projectile take-out part 203 Flow rate limiting plate 203a Small projecting material drop port 203b Large projecting material drop port 205 Cylinder 301 First hopper 302 Auxiliary flow rate limiting plate 302a Auxiliary projecting material drop port 303 Flow control plate 303a Projecting material drop port

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-4-146080 (JP, A) JP-A-1-99565 (JP, U) JP-B1-58026 (JP, B2) 6136 (JP, Y2) Jikken Sho 3-12066 (JP, Y1) Jigyo 42-22901 (JP, Y1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B24C 7/00 B24C 9 / 00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A gravitational type in which a projectile flowing down from a projectile hopper provided at an upper portion of a projection chamber is jetted toward a workpiece by an ejection means connected to the bottom of the hopper to clean the workpiece. In the blasting machine, the blasting material hopper is composed of a first hopper and a second hopper having an upper opening facing a discharge port at the bottom thereof, and a flow rate limiting plate having a blasting material drop port is interposed between both hoppers. And a first pipe made of a hard material is provided at an outlet at the bottom of the second hopper.
And a lower portion of the first pipe is connected to the injection means.
Above a second pipe of hard material connected to the
Part is slidably inserted into this part, and this sliding part
Can be guided to the second hopper
A blast processing apparatus characterized by being configured as described above . 2. A flow restricting plate is provided so as to cover a discharge port at the bottom of the first hopper, and is moved to a plurality of predetermined positions by a driving mechanism connected to the flow restrictor so that the discharge port restricts the flow rate. The blasting device according to claim 1, wherein the blasting device is held in a state of being closed by a plate and a state of communicating with a second hopper facing the blast material dropping port. 3. The blast processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the flow rate limiting plate is provided with at least two or more projectile drop openings having different opening areas. 4. A projection material dropping opening smaller than the contact area between the bottom of the first hopper and the flow restricting plate which is in contact with the bottom of the first hopper. The blasting device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein an area of an overlapped portion of the two shot material drop openings is continuously adjustable. 5. The blast processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first hopper is provided with a vibrating means.