JP2924729B2 - Rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rotating electric machine in which a contact member such as a slip ring or a commutator is in sliding contact with a brush, and more particularly to a rotating electric machine such as an AC generator for a vehicle, a motor for a vehicle, and a generator motor for a vehicle. Related to electric machinery.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, a vehicle alternator 10
0 is a substantially bowl-shaped housing 10 as shown in FIG.
1, a stator 102 held on the inner surface of a housing 101, and a rotor 105 in which a rotor coil 104 is wound around a pole core 103 rotating in the stator 102.
And a shaft 10 penetrating the center of the rotor 105
6, a pair of slip rings 107 arranged on the outer periphery of the end of the shaft 106, and a pair of slip rings 1
07, and a brush device 108 provided on the outer periphery.

[0003] A brush device 108 is provided with a pair of brushes 11 which are in sliding contact with the outer periphery of a pair of slip rings 107.
1 and a brush holder 112 for accommodating these brushes 111. In addition, a slip ring 10 together with a brush holder 112 is provided at the rear end of the housing 101.
7 is formed integrally with the slip ring cover 113. Further, a rubber seal ring 117 having a substantially rectangular portion 115 and a substantially annular portion 116 is sandwiched between the brush holder 112 and the slip ring cover portion 113 and the rear cover 114.

The slip ring 107 and the brush 111 are covered with a brush holder 112, a slip ring cover 113 and a seal ring 117 to protect them from water and foreign substances, and at the same time, to protect the slip ring 1
Abrasion powder generated by the sliding of the brush 07 and the brush 111 is prevented from scattering into the vehicle alternator 100.

[0005]

However, in the conventional vehicle alternator 100, the slip ring 107 is provided.
In addition, since a component having a seal ring 117 having a complicated shape is required to cover the brush 111, an increase in the number of assembling steps causes a problem that the manufacturing cost is considerably increased.

An object of the first aspect of the present invention is to protect a contacted element and a brush and prevent scattering of abrasion powder while eliminating a seal ring. An object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electric machine capable of reducing the number of parts and thereby reducing the manufacturing cost.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electric machine capable of measuring a rotational position of a rotor by continuously generating a constant magnetic flux by a permanent magnet. It is in.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotor having a shaft rotatably supported by a housing, a rotor core fixed to an outer periphery of the shaft, and a rotor coil wound around the rotor core. And a brush provided on the outer periphery of the end of the shaft and electrically connected to the rotor coil, a brush contacting the outer periphery of the contactor, and a brush holder for holding the brush When,
A contacted part covering part that covers the outer periphery of the contacted part, and the brush holder and the contacted part covering part, which are fixed to the contacted part side of the shaft so as to cover the contacted part and generate a magnetic flux. An annular plate-shaped sensor magnetic pole, and the brush holder, the contacted element covering portion and the sensor magnetic pole are provided so as to cover the contacted element, and a magnetic flux from the sensor magnetic pole is detected to detect the rotational position of the rotor. And a position sensor having an arc-shaped position sensor for measuring the position.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the shaft and the rotor rotate, the sensor magnetic pole fixed to the contacted side of the shaft rotates. At this time, since the magnetic flux is generated by the sensor magnetic pole, the rotational position of the rotor is measured by detecting the magnetic flux by the position sensor. In addition, abrasion powder is generated when the brush slides on the outer periphery of the contacted element due to the rotation of the shaft, and the wear powder is generated by the substantially circular plate-shaped sensor magnetic pole and the arc-shaped position sensor. Since it is enclosed, it does not fly into the rotating electric machine.
Furthermore, since the contacted element is surrounded by the brush holder, the contacted element covering portion, the sensor magnetic pole, and the position sensor, no water or foreign matter enters between the contacted element and the brush from outside.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the number of parts can be reduced because the contact ring and the brush can be protected and the abrasion powder can be prevented from scattering while eliminating the seal ring. By reducing this, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the rotary electric machine of the first aspect, the housing has a bearing for positioning the shaft, and a bearing for holding the bearing. It has a holding part, and the contacted element covering part employs technical means integrally formed with the bearing holding part.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the contacted member covering portion is integrally formed on the bearing holding portion of the housing, protection of the contacted member and the brush can be achieved. Scattering of wear powder can be prevented.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the rotary electric machine according to the first or second aspect, the sensor magnetic pole is formed of a circular plate made of a magnetic material. A technical means having an annular permanent magnet fixed to the side surface of the to-be-contacted member of the annular plate and axially magnetized at equal pitch intervals in the circumferential direction is employed.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the permanent magnet continuously generates a constant magnetic flux, the position sensor can reliably detect the magnetic flux from the sensor magnetic pole. Therefore, the rotational position of the rotor can be measured.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

1 to 3 show an embodiment in which the rotating electric machine of the present invention is applied to a generator motor as an AC generator for a vehicle, and FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the generator motor. .

The generator motor 1 serves as a vehicle motor for starting the engine and assisting the driving of accessories, and as a vehicle alternator (so-called alternator) for charging a battery and supplying power to an electric load. is there. The generator motor 1 includes a housing 2 forming an outer shell, a stator 3 held on a body shaft on an inner surface of the housing 2, a rotor 4 rotating in the stator 3, and a central portion of the rotor 4. A shaft 5, a V-ribbed pulley 6 disposed at one end (front end) of the shaft 5, a pair of slip rings 7, 8 disposed at the other end (rear end) of the shaft 5, A brush device 9 is provided so as to slide on the outer circumference of the rings 7 and 8, and a rotor position detecting device 10 for detecting a relative position of the rotor 4 with respect to the stator 3.

Next, the housing 2 will be described with reference to FIG. The housing 2 includes a substantially bowl-shaped front housing 11, a substantially bowl-shaped rear housing 12 coupled to the rear side of the front housing 11, a rear cover 13 coupled to the rear side of the rear housing 12, and the like. ing. The front housing 11 is integrally formed by aluminum die casting, has a bearing holding portion 15 that rotatably supports one end of the shaft 5 via a bearing (bearing) 14, and has a cooling air ventilation hole (not shown). ) Have many openings. The bearing holder 15 is a side wall that holds the bearing 14.

The rear housing 12 is integrally formed by die-casting with aluminum, and has a bearing holder 17 for rotatably supporting one end of the shaft 5 via a bearing (bearing) 16, and a rear end side from the bearing holder 17. And a number of holes (not shown) for venting cooling air. The bearing holding portion 17 is a side wall that holds the bearing 16. Also,
The slip ring cover portion 18 is a contacted child covering portion of the present invention, and is formed in a substantially horseshoe shape so as to cover the pair of slip rings 7 and 8 together with the brush device 9. The rear housing 12 is fastened and fixed to the front housing 11 by a plurality of fasteners 19 such as stud bolts and nuts.

The rear cover 13 is integrally formed by press-forming a metal plate such as aluminum, and accommodates a pair of slip rings 7, 8, a brush device 9, and a rotor position detecting device 10 between the rear cover 12 and the rear housing 12. ing. The rear cover 13 has a large number of holes 20 for venting cooling air, and is fixed to the rear housing 12 by a plurality of fasteners 21 such as bolts and screws.

Next, the stator 3 will be described with reference to FIG. This stator 3 is press-fitted into the inner periphery of the front housing 11 and integrated into a stator core (stator core,
22), and the stator core 2
The stator includes a three-phase stator coil (also referred to as a stator winding or an armature winding) 23 wound around the stator coil 23.
The stator core 22 is a laminated core formed by stacking sheet-like iron plates, and is arranged to face the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 4, and has a number of slots (not shown) formed at equal intervals on the inner peripheral side.

The three-phase stator coil 23 is wound around a number of slots of the stator core 22 and connected by Y-connection or Δ-connection, and a three-phase AC output is induced as the rotor 4 rotates. The terminal wire of the three-phase stator coil 23 is
It is mechanically connected to an external connection terminal 25 of the connector 24 via a fastening bolt 26. The connector 24 is held in an opening formed in the rear cover 13 and is fixed to the rear housing 12 by a fastener (not shown). The external connection terminal 25 includes a three-phase rectifier circuit (not shown) that rectifies the three-phase AC current generated in the three-phase stator coil 23 and converts the rectified DC current into a DC current. To a three-phase drive circuit (not shown) that supplies

Next, the rotor 4 will be described with reference to FIG. The rotor 4 is a part that works as a field, and rotates integrally with the shaft 5. The rotor 4 has two Landel-type pole cores (hereinafter abbreviated as pole cores) for the purpose of achieving high output, miniaturizing, enhancing vibration resistance, and improving durability. The rotor core, the rotor core, and the field core ) 31 and 32 and two rotor coils (also referred to as rotor windings and field windings) 33 and 34 wound around these pole cores 31 and 32.

The two pole cores 31 and 32 have integrally formed claw-shaped magnetic pole portions, and cooling fans 35 and 36 for sucking cooling air into the housing 2 are attached to both side walls by means such as welding. ing. Two rotor coils 3
Reference numerals 3 and 34 are wound around the center portions of the two pole cores 31 and 32 via coil bobbins, each terminal wire is covered with an insulating tube 37, and two shaft connection bars (slip ring terminals) 38 It is electrically connected. The connection between the terminal wires of the two rotor coils 33 and 34 and the shaft connection bar 38 is covered with an electrically insulating resin 39 such as an epoxy resin.

Next, the shaft 5 will be described with reference to FIG. The shaft 5 is rotatably supported by bearing holding portions 15 and 17 via bearings 14 and 16. The two pole cores 31 and 32 are fixed to the outer periphery of the central portion of the shaft 5 in a state of being fitted by press fitting.

Next, the V-ribbed pulley 6 will be described with reference to FIG. The V-ribbed pulley 6 is a pulley for a poly-V belt (for example, a crankshaft pulley) mounted on an output shaft of an engine via a power transmission means such as a poly-V belt.
It is connected to. The V-ribbed pulley 6 is fixed to the outer periphery of the distal end of the shaft 5 in a state where the V-ribbed pulley 6 is pressed against the bearing 14 by the nut 40 with a seat. Note that V
The ribbed pulley 6 is provided with a key 41 that is fitted into a key groove of the shaft 5 to prevent relative rotation with the shaft 5.

Next, a pair of slip rings 7 and 8 are shown in FIG.
It will be described based on. The pair of slip rings 7 and 8
The contacted element of the present invention, which is made of a metal annular material such as copper or stainless steel, one of which is connected to the positive electrode side of the battery and the other is connected to the negative electrode side. The pair of slip rings 7 and 8 are connected to two shaft connection bars 38 via two conductive wires (not shown). These conductive wires are molded in an electrically insulating resin (not shown) provided integrally with the shaft 5.

Next, the brush device 9 will be described with reference to FIG. The brush device 9 includes a pair of brushes 51, 52,
And a brush holder 53 for accommodating these brushes 51 and 52. A pair of brushes 51, 52
Is made of electric graphite or metal graphite, and is provided so as to be in sliding contact with the outer peripheral surfaces of the pair of slip rings 7 and 8. These brushes 51, 52 are pressed against the outer peripheral surfaces of the pair of slip rings 7, 8 by brush springs 54, 55 housed in a brush holder 53, and the pair of slip rings 7, 8 are rotated by rotation of the pair of slip rings 7, 8. The surfaces of the slip rings 7 and 8 slide.

The brush holder 53 includes a pair of brushes 51,
52, and retains a pigtail 56 formed in the same manner as the
Also, they are arranged so as to cover the periphery of the pair of slip rings 7 and 8 in a cylindrical shape. The brush holder 53 includes a coupler 57 for holding an external connection terminal (not shown),
The bearing 19 of the rear housing 12 is fastened by the fastener 19.
And the rear cover 13.

Next, the rotor position detecting device 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a sensor magnetic pole, and FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a position sensor. The rotor position detecting device 10 includes a magnetic pole holding plate 61, a sensor magnetic pole 62, a position sensor 63, and the like.

The magnetic pole holding plate 61 is an annular plate according to the present invention, and is made of a ferromagnetic material.
Has four round holes 65 penetrating therethrough, and is fastened and fixed to the other end surface of the shaft 5 using the fastener 64, and rotates together with the shaft 5. The sensor magnetic pole 62 is made of a substantially annular permanent magnet, and is previously magnetized in the axial direction with the S pole and the N pole alternately arranged at equal pitches in the circumferential direction before being bonded to the annular magnetic pole holding plate 61. It is fixed with an agent. This sensor pole 6
2 is installed so that the rear end part of the shaft 5 may be annularly covered. Therefore, the sensor magnetic pole 62 covers the periphery of the pair of slip rings 7 and 8 together with the slip ring cover 18 and the brush holder 53.

The position sensor 63 includes three Hall elements 60
From a general fan-shaped printed board 66 on which an electronic circuit (not shown) including the above is printed by etching or the like, and an epoxy-based electrically insulating resin 67 for potting the electronic circuit to electrically insulate it from surrounding electric components. It is configured.

The three Hall elements 60 are magnetic flux detecting means for detecting the relative positions of the respective claw-shaped magnetic pole portions of the pole core of the rotor 4 with respect to the stator 3 by detecting the magnetic flux. (Not shown). The printed board 66 is disposed on the slip ring cover 18 of the rear housing 12 so as to face the sensor magnetic pole 62 via a small gap, and is fixed to the slip ring cover 18 with a fastener 69 such as a screw. ing. The printed board 66, together with the slip ring cover 18 and the brush holder 53, covers the periphery of the pair of slip rings 7, 8. 70 is a fastener 6
9 is an insertion hole to be inserted.

Next, the operation of the generator motor 1 will be briefly described with reference to FIGS.

1) When the generator motor 1 is used as a motor for a vehicle When the engine is started, an alternating current is sequentially supplied to the three-phase stator coils 23 by a three-phase drive circuit. Also, 2
A pair of brushes 51,
A direct current is supplied via the pair of slip rings 52 and 52. Then, each stator coil 23 and each of the rotor coils 33 and 34 become an electromagnet, and the rotor 4 rotates together with the shaft 5 in the stator 3. The rotational force of the shaft 5 is transmitted to the V-ribbed pulley 6, the poly-V belt and the poly-V belt pulley, and transmitted to the output shaft (crankshaft) of the engine, thereby starting the engine.

At this time, the rotation of the shaft 5 also rotates the sensor magnetic pole 62, and the change in the magnetic flux is detected by the position sensor 63.
And outputs a rotor position signal to an external control device. The rotor position signal detects the relative position of each claw-shaped magnetic pole portion of the pole cores 31 and 32 of the rotor 4 with respect to the stator 3. The control device that has received the rotor position signal controls the alternating current that is sequentially supplied to the three-phase stator coils 23 so that the rotation direction of the rotor 4 is constant and a predetermined rotation speed is obtained.

2) When the generator motor 1 is used as a vehicular generator When the engine is started, the rotational power of the engine becomes poly-V
Belt pulley, poly V-belt and V-ribbed pulley 6
And the shaft 5 rotates. On the other hand, rotor 4
When a DC current is supplied through a pair of brushes 51 and 52 and a pair of slip rings 7 and 8, the two rotor coils 33 and 34 are excited to become electromagnets.

When the rotor 4 rotates in the stator 3 in this state, alternating current is sequentially induced in the wound three-phase stator coils 23 of the stator core 22, and the generated voltage rises rapidly. This three-phase AC current is input to a three-phase rectifier circuit via the connector 24, rectified and changed to a DC current. Also, the DC voltage rectified by the three-phase rectifier circuit charges the battery or supplies power to the electric load.

As described above, when the rotor 4 rotates inside the stator 3, wear powder due to sliding of the pair of brushes 51, 52 and the pair of slip rings 7, 8 is discharged from the housing 2, and May adhere to electrical components such as connection terminals, diodes, windings, etc., and cause problems such as insulation deterioration and grounding. On the other hand, the generator motor 1
When water is wet, water or the like that has entered the housing 2 from outside touches the pair of brushes 51 and 52 and the pair of slip rings 7 and 8 to cause abnormal wear thereof, thereby shortening the life of the generator motor 1. There is.

[Effects of the Embodiment] However, in the generator motor 1 of this embodiment, the slip ring cover portion 18 of the rear housing 12 for protecting the pair of brushes 51 and 52 and the pair of slip rings 7 and 8, and In addition to the brush holder 53, the sensor magnetic pole 62 and the position sensor 6
3 is arranged so as to surround the pair of slip rings 7 and 8.

As a result, abrasion powder generated by sliding between the pair of brushes 51 and 52 and the pair of slip rings 7 and 8 is not discharged to the outside from the space surrounded by the slip ring cover 18 and the brush holder 53. In addition, it can be attached to an electric component in the housing 2, for example, a connection terminal, a diode, a winding, or the like, thereby avoiding problems such as insulation deterioration and grounding. Also, from the outside of the housing 2, the rear cover 1
Since the pair of brushes 51 and 52 and the pair of slip rings 7 and 8 can be reliably protected against water that enters the interior of the device 3,
The life of the generator motor 1 can be extended.

Accordingly, by surrounding the pair of brushes 51 and 52 and the pair of slip rings 7 and 8 with the rotor position detecting device 10 necessary for using the generator motor 1 as a motor for a vehicle, as shown in FIG. A simple seal ring 117 is not required, and the number of parts can be reduced. As a result, the product cost of the generator motor 1 can be reduced, so that the price of a vehicle equipped with such an inexpensive generator motor 1 can be reduced.

[Modification] In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to the generator motor 1, but it may be applied to a motor which performs only driving. In this embodiment, the sensor magnetic pole 62 is
Although the position sensor 63 is provided on the fixed side, the sensor magnetic pole 62 may be provided on the fixed side, and the position sensor 63 may be provided on the rotating side.

In this embodiment, a pair of brushes 51, 52
A pair of slip rings 7 and 8
However, a commutator may be used as the contacted element. Although the position sensor is fixed to the rear housing 12 in this embodiment, the position sensor may be fixed to another fixing member located near the slip ring, such as a brush holder.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an entire structure of a generator motor (Example).

FIG. 2A is a front view showing a sensor magnetic pole, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view showing a sensor magnetic pole (Example).

FIG. 3 is a front view showing a position sensor (Example).

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a vehicle alternator (prior art).

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Generator motor (rotating electric machine) 2 Housing 3 Stator 4 Rotor 5 Shaft 7 Slip ring (Contact object) 8 Slip ring (Contact object) 9 Brush device 10 Rotor position detection device 16 Bearing (bearing) 17 Bearing holding part 18 Slip Ring cover part (contacted part covering part) 51 Brush 52 Brush 53 Brush holder 61 Magnetic pole holding plate (annular plate) 62 Sensor magnetic pole (permanent magnet) 63 Position sensor 66 Printed board

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-1-99451 (JP, A) JP-A-2-174542 (JP, A) JP-A 61-92179 (JP, U) JP-A 60-7677 (JP , U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) H02K 13/00 H02K 5/16 H02K 11/00 H02K 19/22

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] (A) a shaft rotatably supported by a housing; (b) a rotor having a rotor core fixed to the outer periphery of the shaft; and a rotor coil wound around the rotor core; (c) (D) a brush which is provided on the outer periphery of the end of the shaft and is electrically connected to the rotor coil ;
Device having a brush holder for holding a brush
If, (e) the and the contact covering portion that covers the outer periphery of the contact, (f) the brush holder and the contacted terminal cover part co
Secured to said the contacted terminal side of the said shaft so as to cover the object contact, the sensor magnetic poles of substantially ring-shaped plate making flux, (g) the brush holder, wherein the contact coating portion and before
Serial wherein with the sensor magnetic pole is provided so as to cover the object contacts the rotating electric machine and a position sensor arcuate measuring the rotational position of the rotor by detecting the magnetic flux from said sensor pole. 2. A rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the housing is a bearing for positioning the shaft, and has a bearing holder for holding the bearing, the object contact covering portion, the bearing Molded integrally with the holding part
A rotating electric machine characterized by the following. 3. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the sensor magnetic pole is fixed to an annular plate made of a magnetic material, and to a side surface of the to-be-contacted member of the annular plate, and is arranged in a circumferential direction. A rotating electric machine having annular permanent magnets magnetized in the axial direction at equal pitch intervals.