JP2915801B2 - Exterior wall panels and structures for buildings - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a panel for an outer wall of a building and an outer wall structure which can be suitably used, for example, for construction of a large wall of a wooden building.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art On an outer wall such as a large wall of a wooden building, a plurality of outer wall panels formed by laminating a refractory material made of, for example, styrofoam and cement on a plywood substrate, a so-called rascut panel, is constructed. 2. Description of the Related Art A structure in which a mortar is applied to a panel by nailing or bonding to a frame and a mortar is applied to the panel is often used.

[0003] The outer wall of such a wooden building needs to be approved for fire prevention performance as specified in the Building Standards Law. More specifically, when the surface of the outer wall is heated to 1000 ° C. at the second grade of JIS A1304 “Test method for fire prevention performance of building structure”, the surface temperature of the outer wall is 26.
It is necessary to satisfy the condition that the temperature must not exceed 0 ° C.

[0004]

By the way, in the conventional outer wall structure, a material made of styrofoam and cement is used as a refractory material of the panel for the outer wall, but this refractory material has a good refractory performance. Was not what it was. For this reason, although the refractory material layer is formed to be as thick as about 12 mm, sufficient fire resistance cannot be obtained, and a plywood substrate having a thickness of about 9 mm is used. By applying a thick coating, the above-mentioned condition regarding fire resistance was satisfied. Therefore, the outer wall having a large wall thickness and a high weight is formed, and the construction work cannot be performed smoothly.
As well as prolonging the construction period and increasing costs,
There is a problem that space cannot be saved.

[0005] Further, since a high level of skill is required and a complicated plastering operation is required, such as a mortar coating operation, the construction operation becomes difficult, which further increases the cost and prolongs the construction period. there were.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and not only can form an outer wall satisfying predetermined conditions for fire prevention performance, but also shorten the construction period, save space, and reduce costs. It is an object of the present invention to provide an external wall panel and an external wall structure of a building.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the first invention of the present application is a panel for an outer wall of a building attached to a building skeleton, wherein the panel is provided with ettringey on a substrate.
And 100 parts by weight of the ettringite, 10 parts by weight
Inorganic compound powder that releases nonflammable gas at 0 ° C to 1000 ° C
Granules 5 to 500 parts by weight, or titanium oxide powders 0.0
1 to 50 parts by weight, or inorganic compound powder and oxidation
Refractory material containing both titanium powder and granules is laminated
The point is to become.

In the first invention, it is preferable that the refractory material is laminated except for a peripheral portion on the substrate, and the peripheral portion can be fixed to the building frame by nailing.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the outer wall structure of a building of the present second invention, the resistance to fire material is a plurality of exterior wall panel formed by being laminated with the exception of the peripheral portion on the substrate The caulking material is filled in empty grooves formed between the peripheral end surfaces of the refractory materials which are attached to the building frame in a state where the peripheral end surfaces of the respective substrates are adjacent to each other, and between adjacent outer wall panels. The gist of this is.

In the second aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the caulking material has a composition substantially the same as that of the refractory material.

Here, the fire resistance of the refractory material of the present invention will be described. Generally, one side of the refractory material is 10
The relationship between the surface temperature on the other side and the elapsed time when heated to a high temperature of 00 ° C. is as shown in the graph of FIG. That is, as shown in the area (a), when the heating is started, the temperature first rises to 100 ° C., and then, as shown in the area (b), all the moisture contained in the refractory material is released as steam gas. During the period, the boiling point of water is 1
The temperature stagnates at 00 ° C., and then the temperature rises with the passage of time as shown in a region (c). As can be understood from this situation, the refractory material has a longer rising area (a) and a stagnant area at 100 ° C. (b).
Further, it can be said that the smaller the gradient of the temperature rise region (c), the longer the fire resistance time and the better the fire prevention performance.

On the other hand, the ettringite used in the present invention is a hydrated sulfate of calcium and aluminum having a large space between crystal skeletons, and about 45 to 45 pores are formed in the space.
It contains as much as 55% by weight of water of crystallization. Therefore, when this ettringite is heated, water of crystallization becomes 60%.
At around ° C., it begins to be released from the crystal skeleton, and the water of crystallization is released as nonflammable steam gas. At this time, as described above, ettringite has a property of extending the stagnation region (b) at 100 ° C. due to the extremely large content of water of crystallization, and can be said to be excellent in fire resistance performance.

[0013] Ettringite, when kneaded with water, becomes enamel and hardens, and also functions as a binder.

The ettringite used in the present invention is:
It may be produced naturally or artificially synthesized.

Next, in the refractory material of the present invention, a temperature of 100 ° C.
One containing an inorganic compound powder that releases a nonflammable gas at ~ 1000 ° C will be described.

First, as the inorganic compound powder, 100 ° C.
Hydrate of inorganic compounds or inorganic carbonates that release incombustible gas such as water vapor gas or carbon dioxide gas by release or decomposition reaction of water of crystallization in the temperature range of up to 1000 ° C. Although powders and granules are used, it is preferable to use powders and granules that emit 10% or more of their weight as incombustible gas. Specifically, 200 ° C. to 250 ° C.
Aluminum hydroxide producing steam gas at about 800
Calcium carbonate that produces carbon dioxide at about 900C, bentonite and sepiolite that produce steam at about 900C, baking soda that produces steam and carbon at about 150C, magnesium hydroxide that produces steam at about 400C, etc. And one of these may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.

By adding the inorganic compound particles to the refractory material, a non-combustible gas is generated from the inorganic compound particles in a temperature range of 100 ° C. to 1000 ° C., and heat is absorbed by the generation. The temperature rise is suppressed, and the temperature gradient shown in the temperature rise region (c) of FIG. 3 is reduced, and the fire prevention performance is further improved.

The content of the inorganic compound powder in the refractory material is preferably in the range of 5 parts by weight to 500 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of ettringite which is a main component of the refractory material. It is preferable to set the lower limit to 50 parts by weight or more and the upper limit to 400 parts by weight or less. If the content is less than 5 parts by weight, the effect of reducing the temperature gradient in the temperature rising region (c) cannot be sufficiently obtained, which is not preferable. If the amount exceeds 500 parts by weight, the amount of ettringite in the refractory material is relatively small, and the effect of extending the above-mentioned stagnation region (b) at 100 ° C. is reduced, and hardening is difficult, which is not preferable.

The particle size of the inorganic compound powder is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a powder having an average particle size of about 1.0 mm or less in order to achieve uniform mixing in the refractory material.

Next, the refractory material of the present invention containing titanium oxide powder will be described. Titanium oxide is very stable and does not decompose even in a high temperature range, and has an effect of blocking radiant heat and suppressing heat transfer of the refractory material. Therefore, by adding the titanium oxide powder, all regions (a) and (b) after the rising region (a) in FIG.
In (c), the fire resistance time is extended, and the fire prevention performance is further improved.

The particle size of the titanium oxide powder is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use one having an average particle size of about 1 mm or less in order to uniformly mix the refractory material.

The content of the titanium oxide powder in the refractory material is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 50 parts by weight, particularly preferably 100 to 100 parts by weight of ettringite which is a main component of the refractory material. It is preferable to set the lower limit of the amount to 5 parts by weight or more and the upper limit to 20 parts by weight or less. If the content is less than 0.01 part by weight, the effect of suppressing heat transfer cannot be sufficiently obtained, which is not preferable. Further, if the amount is more than 50 parts by weight, the effect of suppressing heat transfer is saturated, so that there is no need to mix a large amount, which is not preferable.

In the present invention, by incorporating the inorganic compound powder and the titanium oxide powder into the refractory material containing ettringite as a main component, the fire protection performance is synergistically improved.

In order to improve the function, the refractory material of the present invention may appropriately contain various materials other than the above-mentioned components to such an extent that the fireproof performance is not impaired. For example, hydraulic cement for strength improvement and cost reduction, lightweight aggregates such as obsidian perlite, perlite perlite, fired vermiculite, shirasu balloon, etc. to promote weight reduction,
Water glass can be added to improve strength, fibers such as alkali-resistant glass fiber and ceramic fiber to prevent cracking, and a water retention agent to improve workability. Of course, two or more of these can be used in combination.

[0025]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a panel for an outer wall of a building according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that ettringite is made of inorganic compound powder or titanium oxide.
Since the refractory material containing the powder or the particles or both of them is laminated on the substrate, good fire protection performance can be obtained. For this reason, even if the substrate is formed thin, not only the refractory material, but also a predetermined fire prevention performance can be obtained, and there is no need to apply mortar or the like at all to improve the fire prevention performance at the time of outer wall construction, so it is thin and lightweight. The outer wall can be formed smoothly, and the construction can be carried out smoothly, and the construction work can be easily performed without any wet work requiring a high level of skill such as mortar coating work.

Further, in the first invention, when adopting a configuration in which the refractory material does not exist on the peripheral portion on the substrate, the peripheral portion can be fixed to the building frame by nailing.

Since the outer wall structure of the building according to the second aspect of the present invention comprises the outer wall panel of the first aspect as a main part, the main part performs the same function as described above.

In the second aspect of the present invention, when the caulking material having the same composition as the above-mentioned refractory material is filled in the empty groove between the adjacent outer wall panels, good fire protection performance is secured also between the outer wall panels. As a matter of course, the inner layer portion of the outer wall is homogenized, so that when a surface finishing material is applied, it is possible to effectively prevent color unevenness from occurring.

[0029]

1 is a perspective view showing an outer wall panel (P) of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the outer wall panel (P) has a predetermined size (3 × 6).
A refractory material (2) is laminated on a substrate (1) of a length scale.

As the substrate (1), any substrate can be used as long as it has a rigidity enough to allow the refractory material (2) to be laminated without any trouble. (MDF), particle board (P
Various wood fiber boards such as B) and various resin boards can be suitably used. Among these, it is particularly preferable to use plywood in consideration of rigidity, nail holding properties when fixed to a building frame, and the like.

As the thickness of the substrate (1), those having a thickness of 3 mm to 9 mm can be suitably used, and preferably those having a thickness of about 3 mm are used. If the thickness is less than 3 mm, sufficient rigidity cannot be secured, which is not preferable. If the thickness exceeds 9 mm, the weight increases, which is not preferable.

As the refractory material (2), as described above,
A material containing ettringite as a main component and appropriately containing other compounding materials in addition to the inorganic compound powder and titanium oxide is used.

The refractory material (2) is laminated on the substrate (1) except for the peripheral portion (11). In this case, the protrusion size of the refractory material (2) at the peripheral edge (11) of the substrate (1) from the peripheral end face is preferably set to about 5 mm around the outer wall panel (P). In the drawings, in order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the peripheral portion (1
The projection amount of 1) is shown to be larger than the actual amount.

The refractory material (2) has a thickness of 5 mm to 10 mm.
mm can be preferably used, and those having the lower limit of the thickness set to 6 mm or more and the upper limit of 9 mm or less can be used more preferably.
It is recommended to use thicker ones. This thickness is 5m
If it is less than m, sufficient fire protection performance cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. If the thickness exceeds 10 mm, the weight becomes high, which is not preferable.

On the other hand, the outer wall panel (P) is waterproofed. Specifically, a waterproof material such as an acrylic emulsion, a silicon-based emulsion, or an asphalt emulsion is applied to at least one of the substrate (1) and the refractory material (2) to impart waterproofness. Attach to at least one of (1) and the refractory material (2) to impart waterproofness, or mix the refractory material (2) with a waterproof material such as synthetic rubber latex, asphalt emulsion, or vinyl acetate emulsion in advance. There is a method of imparting waterproofness to the refractory material itself.

Next, a case where an outer wall such as a large wall of a wooden building is formed using the outer wall panel (P) having the above structure will be described.

That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the outer wall panel (P) is arranged along the wood cladding (31) of the building frame (3), and is disposed on the peripheral edge (11) of the substrate (1). At appropriate intervals, a plurality of nails (4) are driven in and fixed to the wooden cladding (31). In addition, the second and subsequent outer wall panels (P) are installed on one side end surface of the already fixed outer wall panel (P) substrate, and the next outer wall panel (P) substrate to be installed. (1) This is performed by arranging the end faces on one side so as to be along the woodwork (31), and fixing them to the woodwork (31) by nailing in the same manner as described above. Note that the means for fixing the outer wall panel (P) to the wood cladding (31) is not limited to the nailing method, and any means may be used. For example, a screwing method or the like may be used. .

After fixing the outer wall panel (P) on the entire outer wall construction surface of the building frame (3) in this manner, the outer wall panel (P) is formed between the peripheral end faces of the refractory material (2) opposed to each other between the adjacent outer wall panels (P). The empty groove (5) to be waterproofed is applied. Specifically, a waterproof material similar to the above is applied to the butted portion of the substrate (1), or a waterproof sheet, a waterproof film, or a waterproof tape is attached to impart waterproofness. Note that a re-emulsifying synthetic resin powder or the like may be mixed in advance into a coking material (7) described later to impart waterproofness to the caulking material itself.

Next, the empty groove (5) is filled with the caulking material (7). As the caulking material (7), a material containing ettringite as a main component can be suitably used, and a material having the same composition as the refractory material (2) is preferably used.

Finally, a surface finishing material (8) is applied to the entire outer surface of the outer wall panel (P), thereby completing the outer wall construction. In addition, instead of the surface finishing material (8),
It is of course possible to construct tiles and the like.

According to the outer wall structure, since the refractory material (2) is made of ettringite containing an inorganic compound powder and a titanium oxide powder if necessary, it is preferable. Fireproof performance is obtained. For this reason,
Even if the substrate (1) is made thinner as well as the refractory material (2), it is possible to obtain a predetermined fire protection performance, and it is necessary to apply mortar on the surface of the outer wall panel (1) at all to improve the fire protection performance. Since there is no outer wall, a thin and lightweight outer wall can be formed, the construction can be performed smoothly, the construction period can be reduced, the cost can be reduced, and the space can be saved. Further, by reducing the weight of the outer wall panel (P), the work of carrying the panel (P) to the construction site can be easily performed.

Further, since there is no need for a wet work requiring a high level of skill such as a mortar coating work, the work can be performed easily, and from this point of view, it is possible to shorten the work period and reduce costs. it can. In other words, conventionally, when forming the outer wall, in addition to the work of forming the skeleton (carpentry work), three types of work are required, namely, a lathing work and a mortar coating work (plastering work). On the other hand, according to the present embodiment, of the above three types of work, the lathing work and the plastering work are not required, and the formation of the outer wall and the formation of the building can be performed rationally with only one kind of work. .

Further, a refractory material (2) having a good fire protection performance is provided in an empty groove (5) between adjacent outer wall panels (P).
Since the caulking material (7) having the same composition as that described above is filled, good fire protection performance can be ensured even between the panels for the outer wall, and the inner layer of the outer wall can be homogenized to obtain the surface finishing material (8). Can be effectively prevented from generating color unevenness when applied, and a good appearance can be obtained.

When a material different from the refractory material (2) is used as the caulking material (7), it is possible to prevent the occurrence of color unevenness although it takes a little time. For example, after performing a sufficient waterproof treatment, spraying the finishing material, or spraying the finishing material thickly under spraying, then spraying the top spray, etc., can prevent the occurrence of color unevenness and improve the appearance. Obtainable.

Further, since the outer wall panel (P) and the empty groove (5) are waterproofed, it is possible to surely prevent the impregnation with water from having an adverse effect.

In the above embodiment, the outer wall panel (P) is fixed to the building frame (3) by nailing, but in the present invention, the outer wall panel (P) is fixed.
May be fixed with an adhesive, or may be fixed with an adhesive nail using both an adhesive and a nail.

<Experimental Example Regarding Fire Prevention Performance> Next, an experiment example regarding the fire prevention performance of the outer wall panel according to the present invention will be described.

First, a number of plywood (rigid substrates) having a width of 300 mm, a length of 300 mm, and a thickness of 5.5 mm were prepared.

On the other hand, ettringite having a water content of 46% by weight, aluminum hydroxide having an average particle size of 0.1 mm, calcium carbonate having an average particle size of 0.1 mm, bentonite having an average particle size of 0.2 mm, and an average particle size 1 mm sepiolite, titanium oxide with an average particle size of 1 μm, average particle size 0.1 m
m sodium bicarbonate and magnesium hydroxide having an average particle size of 0.1 mm were prepared. White cement, pearlite having an average particle size of 2.5 mm, and alkali-resistant glass fiber were further prepared as optional ingredients.

[0050]

[Table 1] Each of the above materials was mixed at the ratio shown in Table 1 above,
20 kinds of refractory material compositions corresponding to Experimental Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were formed.
13 liters of water were added and kneaded to obtain refractory materials. Furthermore, these 20 types of refractory materials were applied to one side of the plywood at a thickness of 8 mm, 12 mm, and 16 mm for each type, and cured and cured at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 70% for 28 days. A total of 60 test pieces (outer wall panels) were prepared.

Then, a thermocouple was attached to the boundary between the plywood and the refractory material for each test piece, and the surface on the refractory material side was
Heating was performed for 30 minutes in accordance with the temperature conditions of SA1304 “Fireproof Structure Test”, and the maximum temperature at the boundary between the plywood and the refractory material was measured at that time.

The measurement results are shown in Tables 2A, 2B and 2C below together with the results of the pass / fail of the “Fireproof structural test (second class)” of JIS A1304. In the table below,
Table 2A shows the refractory material of 8 mm thickness, Table 2B shows the refractory material of 12 mm thickness, and Table 2C shows the refractory material of 16 mm thickness.

[0053]

[Table 2] As is clear from the results in the above table, those of Experimental Examples 1 to 16 related to the present invention were 8 mm thick, 12 mm thick, 16 mm thick.
The maximum temperature is 260 ° C or less in any of the thicknesses,
It satisfies the criterion of JIS A1304 “Fireproof structural test (second class)” and was confirmed to have excellent fireproof performance. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the maximum temperature was reduced and the fire prevention performance was further improved by using an inorganic compound powder or a titanium oxide powder in combination, rather than using ettringite alone.

On the other hand, all of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 containing white cement as a main component of the refractory material had a maximum temperature of 26.
The temperature exceeded 0 ° C., and did not satisfy the criteria of the above fire prevention structural test and was inferior in fire prevention performance.

[0055]

According to the panel for an exterior wall of a building of the first invention of the present application, ettringite is used for adding inorganic compound powder or particles.
Is obtained by laminating a refractory material containing a titanium oxide powder or a mixture thereof on a substrate, so that good refractory performance can be obtained. For this reason, not only the refractory material but also a predetermined fire prevention performance can be obtained even if the substrate is made thinner,
In addition, there is no need to apply mortar or the like at all to improve the fire protection performance when constructing the outer wall, so it is possible to form a thin and lightweight outer wall, making the construction work smoother, shortening the construction period and reducing costs. And space can be saved. In addition, since there is no need for any wet work requiring a high level of skill, such as mortar coating work, the construction work can be performed easily, and from this point, the construction period can be shortened and the cost can be reduced. Is obtained.

In the first aspect of the present invention, when a configuration in which the refractory material does not exist on the peripheral portion on the substrate is adopted, the peripheral portion can be fixed to the building frame by nailing, so that the nailing work can be performed. Is advantageously performed.

According to the outer wall structure of a building according to the second aspect of the present invention, since the outer wall panel according to the first aspect of the present invention is configured as a main part, the same effect as described above can be obtained in the main part.

In the second aspect of the present invention, when the caulking material having the same composition as that of the above-mentioned refractory material is filled in the empty groove between the adjacent outer wall panels, good fire protection performance is secured also between the outer wall panels. In addition to this, there is an advantage that the inner layer portion of the outer wall is homogenized, and when a surface finishing material is applied, it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of color unevenness and obtain a good aesthetic appearance.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an outer wall panel of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view showing an outer wall structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2B is an enlarged cross-sectional view around an empty groove in FIG. 2A.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between a surface temperature of a refractory material on a side opposite to a heating surface and an elapsed time.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Substrate 2 ... Refractory material 3 ... Building frame 5 ... Empty groove 7 ... Caulking material 11 ... Peripheral part P ... Panel for outer wall

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E04F 13/08 B32B 9/00 E04C 2/46

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A panel for an outer wall of a building attached to a building frame , comprising: ettringite;
Non-combustible gas at 100-1000 ° C for 00 parts by weight
5 to 500 parts by weight of the inorganic compound particles to be released
Building characterized by laminated refractory materials
Panel for exterior walls. 2. An outer wall of a building attached to a building frame.
A panel for ettringite and ettringite 1 on a substrate.
0.01 to 50 parts by weight of titanium oxide powder based on 00 parts by weight
It is characterized in that the refractory material containing
Panels for exterior walls of buildings to be featured. 3. An outer wall of a building attached to a building frame.
A panel for ettringite and ettringite 1 on a substrate.
Non-combustible gas at 100-1000 ° C for 00 parts by weight
5 to 500 parts by weight of inorganic compound particles to be released and oxidation
Resistance to titanium powder containing 0.01 to 50 parts by weight
For exterior walls of buildings, characterized by laminated fire material
panel. 4. The refractory material according to claim 1, wherein the refractory material is not present on a peripheral portion on the substrate, and the peripheral portion can be fixed to the building frame by nailing. Exterior panels for buildings. 5. A plurality of outer wall panels according to claim 4 are respectively attached to a building frame with the peripheral end surfaces of the respective substrates being adjacent to each other, and the peripheral walls of the refractory material facing each other between the adjacent outer wall panels. An outer wall structure of a building, wherein a caulking material is filled in an empty groove formed between end faces. 6. The outer wall structure of a building according to claim 5, wherein the caulking material has substantially the same composition as the refractory material.