JP2911978B2 - Electric vehicle - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to an electric vehicle, and in particular, enables a part of various control devices for controlling traveling by a battery to be used as a charger. Thus, the present invention relates to an electric vehicle that can charge a battery without mounting a dedicated charger.

(Prior Art) In an electric vehicle driven by a motor, it is necessary to periodically charge a battery. As the power source for charging, a household AC 100 V power source is used because it can be easily used, and the home power source is rectified and stepped down using a dedicated charger and supplied to the battery, whereby charging will be performed. It has become.

By the way, when a battery is mounted on a vehicle, especially a two-wheeled vehicle, a large-capacity battery cannot be mounted because of its weight limitation. 30 hours of continuous running
The maximum traveling distance was 15-20km for ~ 40 minutes.

However, such a continuous running distance is not sufficient even when used for shopping or the like, and the use of the electric vehicle is limited. Therefore, in the conventional electric vehicle, a dedicated charger is always mounted, and when the amount of charge is reduced, it is considered that the vehicle can be charged on the go.

Against this background, attempts have been made to install outlets to supply AC100V to parking lots and bicycle parking lots such as supermarkets, so that customers can freely charge using their own chargers. .

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) The above-described conventional technology has the following problems.

In other words, until now, a dedicated charger was always mounted on the vehicle, but since the charger is quite heavy, mounting the charger increases the weight of the vehicle, and the continuous charging with one full charge There is a problem that the traveling distance is further reduced.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle having a long continuous running distance by solving the above-mentioned problems and reducing the size and weight of the charger to reduce the vehicle weight.

(Means and Actions for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, in an electric vehicle running on a battery, when the battery is charged with AC power supplied from the outside, A part of various control devices for controlling traveling can be used also as a step-down unit and a rectification unit of AC power.

According to such a configuration, the battery can be charged without mounting a dedicated charger, so that the vehicle can be reduced in weight as compared with a case where the dedicated charger is mounted, and the cruising range can be reduced. Can be lengthened.

(Example) FIG. 2 is a side view of an electric vehicle to which the present invention is applied.

In the figure, a stand 26 is arranged at the center of the frame 11, and a swing unit 20
Are connected to be swingable. Swing unit
The rear wheel 14R is supported at the rear of the 20 and the swing unit 20
The bellows-shaped air hose 21
Is connected.

Below the front panel 23, a battery box 27 is fixed to the frame 11 via a support plate (not shown). The battery box 27 has an upper opening, and a lid 29 is attached to the upper opening so as to be openable and closable, and a battery 52 is accommodated therein. This battery 52 is connected to the control device 16.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the swing unit 20. A DC motor 32 is fixed to the front of the case 31, the axle 18 is supported at the rear, and the output shaft 32a of the DC motor 32 is connected to the case 31. It is connected to the axle 18 via a belt-type continuously variable transmission 33, a clutch 34, and a reduction mechanism 35 disposed therein.

The DC motor 32 has windings on the stator 50 and the rotor 51, respectively, and these windings are connected to the control device 16. The DC motor 32 is supplied with power from the battery 52 via the control device 16, and the current supplied to the winding is controlled by the control device according to the running state.

A disk-shaped magnet rotor 4 for detecting the rotational position of the DC motor is provided on the output shaft 32a of the DC motor 32.
8, and a fan 46 for cooling the motor are mounted on the shaft. The magnetic pole of the magnet rotor 48 is detected by the Hall element 80, whereby the rotational position of the DC motor 32 is detected.

When the fan 46 rotates according to the rotation of the DC motor 32,
Cooling air 49 is introduced from the air outlet 44, and the cooling air 49
49 is discharged from the exhaust port 45 after cooling the radiation fins 47, the stator 50, and the like.

According to such a cooling procedure, the installation portion of the hole block 80 is kept clean.

On the radiating fin 47, an FET 46 constituting rectifying means for controlling power supply from the battery 52 to the DC motor 32 is mounted.

The continuously variable transmission 33 is configured by mounting a belt 38 between a drive pulley 36 and a driven pulley 37.
36 is provided on the output shaft 32a of the DC motor 32, and the driven pulley 37 is provided on the input shaft 39 of the reduction mechanism 35.

The continuously variable transmission 33 includes a drive pulley 36 and a driven pulley 37 each having a fixed face and a movable face movable in the axial direction with respect to the fixed face.
The gear ratio changes as the movable faces 6 and 37 move in the axial direction. The clutch 34 includes a centrifugal clutch that connects the clutch inner 41 and the clutch outer 42 in response to the rotation speed of the weight roller 40.

The clutch 34 is provided coaxially with the input shaft 39 described above. The clutch inner 41 is connected to the driven pulley 37 and the clutch outer 42 is integrally movably connected to the input shaft 39.
The input shaft 39 has a needle bearing 98 and a ball bearing
It is rotatably supported by 99.

The reduction mechanism 35 has a gear 39a fixed to the input shaft 39, gears 43a and 43b fixed to the intermediate shaft 43, and a gear 44 fixed to the axle 16, and the gears 39a, 43a, and 43b are Mesh with axle 1
Reduce the power transmitted to 6.

FIG. 1A shows a DC motor 32 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2A is a diagram showing a partial cross section of the DC motor 32 and a peripheral circuit, and FIG. 2B is a diagram showing the principle of the present embodiment. Although the DC motor is a multi-phase motor having a plurality of drive coils, only a part of the DC motor will be described here to make the drawings easy to see.

In the figure, a rotor 51 is supported at the center of a stator 50 so as to be rotatable about a rotation shaft 55. Stator
Drive coils 61a and 61b are wound around the cores 50a and 50b of the 50, respectively, and the drive coils 61a and 61b are connected in series with the battery 52 via the switching means 25.

On the other hand, outside the driving coils 61a and 61b, charging coils 53a and 53b are arranged so as to be inductively coupled to the driving coils, and the charging coils 53a and 53b are connected to external power terminals 60a and 60b via the switching means 18. Is done. When charging, the external power terminal
An external power supply of AC100V is connected to 60a and 60b, and a charging coil
53a, 53b and an external power supply 56 are connected in series.

In such a configuration, in a normal running state, the external power supply 56 is not connected to the external power supply terminals 60a and 60b, and the rotor 51 is driven by a magnetic field generated by the drive coils 61a and 61b being supplied with power from the battery 52. Rotate with.

On the other hand, when the storage capacity of the battery 52 is reduced and charging is performed, the switching means 25 is controlled to connect one end of the drive coil 61a to the rectifying element 67, and connect the external power supply 56 to the external power supply terminals 60a and 60b. Connected to supply AC power to charging coils 53a and 53b.

As a result, the stator 50 acts as a transformer having the charging coils 53a and 53b as primary windings and the driving coils 61a and 61b as secondary windings. Mutually induced voltages are generated in 61a and 61b which are reduced to a value suitable for the battery voltage by the action of a transformer. The induced voltage is rectified by the rectifying element 67 and the battery 52 is charged.

Further, when a large power is required during traveling, such as on an uphill or sudden acceleration, the contacts of the switching means 18 are switched to connect the charging coils 53a and 53b in parallel with the driving coils 61a and 61b, and Power is supplied from the battery to the coil and the drive coil. With this configuration, the charging coil can be used as a driving coil, and large power can be generated.

According to the present embodiment, the charging coils 53a and 53b are arranged so as to be inductively coupled to the driving coils 61a and 61b, and the external AC voltage is reduced by the transformer action to charge the battery. The battery can be charged without mounting a device.

Therefore, the weight of the vehicle can be reduced as compared with the case where a dedicated charger is mounted, and the continuous traveling distance that can be traveled with one full charge can be extended.

Furthermore, since the switching means 18 is provided so that the charging coils 53a and 53b are connected in parallel to the driving coils 61a and 61b, the charging coil can be used as a driving coil.
The power of the vehicle can easily be increased as needed.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of the second embodiment of the present invention, and the same reference numerals as those described above denote the same or equivalent parts.

A drive coil 61 constituting the stator 50 of the DC motor 32,
62, 63 are connected to the rectifying means 70. A charging coil 53 is arranged outside the driving coil 61, and both ends of the charging coil 53 are connected to external power terminals 60a and 60b.

The rectifier 70 includes a driver circuit 71 and a switching element 70.
a to 70f, and each of the drive coils 61, 62,
The power supply to the battery 63 from the battery 52 is switched according to a switching signal described later.

A Hall element 80 for detecting the rotational position of the rotor 51 in a non-contact manner is arranged around the magnet rotor 48, and a detection signal of the Hall element 80 is input to the position detecting means 76.
The position detection means 76 determines the rotational position of the rotor 51 based on the detection signal, and outputs a position signal to the rectification control means 75.

The commutation control means 75 includes a traveling commutation control means 75a which operates in a normal traveling state, a charging commutation control means 75b which operates when charging the battery, and a switching means 7 for switching between the two.
5c, and outputs a switching signal for controlling on / off of the switching elements 70a to 70f. A signal for switching the operation mode of the rectification control unit 75 is output from the selection unit 74.

In such a configuration, in a normal traveling state, the traveling rectification control unit 7 is switched by the switching unit 75c of the rectification control unit 75.
5a is selected, and the commutation control means 75 operates in the traveling mode.

The running rectification control unit 75a is configured to drive the drive coils 61, 62, and 62 at a predetermined timing in accordance with the detection signal of the position detection unit 76.
On / off of the switching elements 70a to 70f of the rectifier 70 is controlled so that power is supplied to the 63 from the battery 52.

As a result, the motor is rotated by the power supply from the battery 52, and traveling by the battery is enabled. The rotor
Since the control method by the rectifying means 70 according to the rotational position of 51 is known, its description is omitted.

Here, when charging is performed with the storage capacity of the battery 52 reduced, the external AC power supply 56 is connected to the external power supply elements 60a and 60b. Furthermore, the rectification control means 75 is operated by operating the selection means 74.
The switching means 75c is controlled to select the charging rectification control means 75b.

The AC power from the external AC power supply 56 is stepped down to a value suitable for the battery voltage by the transformer action of the drive coil 61 and the charging coil 53, and the stepped-down AC power is
Supplied to

The charging rectification control means 75b includes a switching element 70 according to the phase of the AC power so that the stepped-down AC power is rectified by the rectification means 70 and supplied to the battery 52.
Controls on / off of a to 70f.

According to this embodiment, the driving coils 61, 62, 63
The rectifier 70 that switches the timing of power supply from the battery to the battery is also used as a rectifier for AC power input from the outside during charging, so that the number of parts of the charger can be reduced and the vehicle can be reduced in weight. Will be able to

Further, in the present embodiment, the charging coil 53 is arranged outside the driving coil 61, and the external AC power is reduced to the battery voltage by the action of both transformers, so that the number of parts of the charger can be further reduced. .

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of a third embodiment of the present invention, and the same reference numerals as those described above denote the same or equivalent parts.

In the figure, one end of drive coils 61, 62, 63 constituting the stator of the DC motor 32 is connected to the rectifying means 70 via the switching means 64, and the other end is connected to the battery via the switching means 65.
Connected to 52.

Further, by switching the contacts of the switching means 64 and 65, both ends of the driving coils 62 and 63 are connected to the external power supply terminal 60a and the external power supply terminal 60b via the step-down means 72, respectively. Is connected to the battery 52 via the rectifying element 68.

In such a configuration, in a normal running state, the external power supply 56 is disconnected, and the motor 32, the battery 52, and the rectifier 70 are connected in series to form a closed circuit. The motor rotates by
Traveling with the battery 52 becomes possible.

Here, when charging is performed with the storage capacity of the battery 52 reduced, a stand or the like is set up to hold the drive wheels in a state in which the drive wheels can idle. Further, the external power supply 56 is connected to the external power supply terminals 60a and 6a.
0b, and switches the contacts of the switching means 64 and 65. As a result, a magnetic field is generated in the drive coils 62 and 63 by the external power supply 56 stepped down to a value suitable for the battery voltage, and the motor rotates in two phases.

At this time, an induced electromotive voltage is generated in the drive coil 61 by the rotation of the motor, and the electromotive voltage is supplied to the battery 52 to perform charging.

In the above embodiment, the description has been made assuming that the external power supply 56 is supplied to the two drive coils and the induced electromotive voltage for charging is generated in the other drive coil. 56 may be supplied to generate electric power for charging the other two drive coils.

If the voltage of the external AC power supply 56 is a value suitable for the battery voltage, it is not necessary to provide the step-down means 72.

According to this embodiment, at the time of charging, external power is supplied to two phases of the three-phase drive coils to rotate the motor, whereby the induced electromotive voltage generated in another phase is applied to the battery 52. Thus, charging can be performed by converting AC power to DC power without providing a new rectifier.

Therefore, the number of parts of the charger can be reduced, and the vehicle can be reduced in weight.

In each of the above-described embodiments, the present invention has been described by applying the present invention to a three-phase DC motor. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be applied to various types of polyphase motors such as a four-phase or five-phase motor. It is also possible to apply.

(Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, a part of various control devices for controlling traveling by a battery is also used as a charger. The battery can be charged without mounting a device.

Therefore, the vehicle can be reduced in weight as compared with a case where a dedicated charger is mounted, and the cruising distance can be increased.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of an electric vehicle to which the present invention is applied, FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a swing unit shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention. 20: Swing unit, 32: DC motor, 50: Stator, 51: Rotor, 52: Battery, 56: External power supply, 61, 62, 63 ... Driving coil, 70: Rectifying means, 75 …
... Rectification control means, 76 ... Position detection means, 80 ... Hall element

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electric vehicle, comprising: a multi-phase DC motor having a plurality of drive coils around a rotor and running by being supplied with power from a battery, wherein at least one of the drive coils is inductively coupled to the drive coil. And a means for selectively connecting an external AC power supply to the charging coil, and rectifying a mutual induction voltage generated in the driving coil by mutual induction with the charging coil supplied with the external AC power. An electric vehicle further comprising a rectifier, wherein the battery is charged with an output voltage of the rectifier. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising connection switching means for connecting the charging coil to the driving coil in parallel, wherein power is supplied from the battery to the driving coil and the charging coil. Electric vehicles. 3. A multi-phase DC motor having a plurality of driving coils around a rotor, position detecting means for detecting the rotational position of the rotor in a non-contact manner, and rectifying means connected in series between a battery and the driving coils. And rectification control means for controlling the rectification means in accordance with the output of the position detection means so that the battery voltage is applied to each drive coil at a predetermined timing. The traveling electric vehicle further comprises switching means for connecting at least one of the drive coils to a battery via a rectifier, and connecting another drive coil to an external AC power supply. And rotating the motor to charge the battery with a voltage induced in the at least one drive coil by the rotation of the motor. Motorized vehicle that. 4. The electric vehicle according to claim 3, further comprising means for stepping down an external AC power supply voltage, wherein the stepped-down voltage is applied to said another drive coil. 5. A multi-phase DC motor having a plurality of driving coils around a rotor, position detecting means for detecting a rotational position of the rotor in a non-contact manner, and rectifying means connected in series between a battery and the driving coils. And a running rectification control unit that controls the rectification unit in accordance with the output of the position detection unit so that the battery voltage is applied to each drive coil at a predetermined timing. In an electric vehicle driven by a motor, at least one of a drive coil and a charging coil arranged to be inductively coupled to the driving coil; a means for selectively connecting an external AC power supply to the charging coil; Rectification during charging that controls rectification means according to the phase of external AC power so that the voltage induced in the drive coil by the mutual induction is rectified and supplied to the battery An electric vehicle further comprising: control means; and switching means for switching control of the rectification means during charging from control by the rectification control means during running to control by the rectification control means during charging.