JP2908711B2 - Composite plating and sliding member using the same - Google Patents
Composite plating and sliding member using the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP2908711B2 JP2908711B2 JP28116294A JP28116294A JP2908711B2 JP 2908711 B2 JP2908711 B2 JP 2908711B2 JP 28116294 A JP28116294 A JP 28116294A JP 28116294 A JP28116294 A JP 28116294A JP 2908711 B2 JP2908711 B2 JP 2908711B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- composite plating
- mica
- sliding member
- plating
- fluoromica
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- WSNJABVSHLCCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-J trilithium;trimagnesium;trisodium;dioxido(oxo)silane;tetrafluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WSNJABVSHLCCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910015243 LiMg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJDOZRNNYVAULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[F-].[F-].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[F-].[F-].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] RJDOZRNNYVAULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、潤滑性を材料表面にも
たせる表面処理方法に使用される複合めっき及びこれを
用いた摺動部材の改良に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composite plating used in a surface treatment method for imparting lubricity to a material surface and an improvement of a sliding member using the same.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図８に示すように、ＣＤピックアップ装
置では、光ディスクの動きに追従させるため、軸部材１
に摺動自在に支持されていて、対物レンズ２を支持する
レンズホルダー３には常にサーボがかかり、フォーカス
あるいはトラック方向に位置補正が加えられる。この動
きは高速かつ正確さが要求されるが、そのためには、前
記レンズホルダー３を支持する軸部材１の摺動抵抗（摩
擦係数、寸法精度）が極めて小さくなくてはならない。2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG. 8, in a CD pickup device, a shaft member 1 is required to follow the movement of an optical disk.
The servo is always applied to the lens holder 3 which is slidably supported and supports the objective lens 2, and the position is corrected in the focus or track direction. This movement requires high speed and accuracy, but for that purpose, the sliding resistance (coefficient of friction, dimensional accuracy) of the shaft member 1 supporting the lens holder 3 must be extremely small.
【０００３】そこで、従来、前記軸部材１に潤滑性をも
たせる表面処理方法として、例えば、ステンレス製の軸
部材にＢＮ（窒化ホウ素）複合めっきやＰＴＦＥ（ポリ
テトラフルオロエチレン）複合めっきを施す処理方法が
適用されている。しかし、前記表面処理方法に用いられ
るＢＮ複合めっきは、摩擦係数が高い。これに対しＰＴ
ＦＥ複合めっきでは、摩擦係数が低く抑えられるもの
の、薬液コストが高い等の問題がある。また、材料表面
に潤滑性をもたせる湿式の表面改質方法として、ニッケ
ル等の母材に窒化ホウ素、フッ化カルシウム、ＰＴＦＥ
等を分散させた複合めっきを用いる方法がある。しか
し、上記方法による複合めっきは、無電解または電解Ｎ
ｉ−Ｐをベースとしているため、前記分散材の均一分散
が非常に難しく、そのため、前記分散材を分散させるた
めの各種分散促進薬液が使用されている。[0003] Conventionally, as a surface treatment method for imparting lubricity to the shaft member 1, for example, a treatment method of subjecting a stainless steel shaft member to BN (boron nitride) composite plating or PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) composite plating. Has been applied. However, the BN composite plating used in the surface treatment method has a high coefficient of friction. On the other hand, PT
In the FE composite plating, although the coefficient of friction can be suppressed low, there are problems such as high chemical solution cost. In addition, as a wet surface modification method for imparting lubricity to the material surface, boron nitride, calcium fluoride, PTFE
There is a method of using a composite plating in which the above is dispersed. However, the composite plating by the above-mentioned method is either electroless or electrolytic N
Since it is based on i-P, it is very difficult to uniformly disperse the dispersant, and therefore, various dispersion accelerators for dispersing the dispersant are used.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】そこで、本願発明者
は、先の出願（特願平５−２３７３８２号）において、
材料表面に潤滑性をもたせる分散材のための分散促進薬
液を不要とし、しかもＮｉ−Ｐ−ＰＴＦＥとほぼ同等の
摩擦係数が得られる複合めっきに係る発明を提案した。Therefore, the inventor of the present application disclosed in the prior application (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-237382)
The present invention has proposed an invention relating to a composite plating that eliminates the need for a dispersion promoting chemical solution for a dispersant that imparts lubricity to a material surface and that can obtain a friction coefficient substantially equal to that of Ni-P-PTFE.
【０００５】上記先願発明に係る複合めっきは、ニッケ
ル等の母材に膨潤性フッ素雲母を分散材として添加して
成ることを要旨としている。膨潤性雲母とは、合成雲母
のなかで、水中に浸漬すると水を吸って膨潤し、それが
劈開してついには微細な超微粒体となるものである。そ
してフッ素を含む膨潤性雲母とは、雲母中の結合水とし
て、その結晶格子の一部を構成しているＯＨ-をＦ-に置
換したフッ素系雲母である。その代表的なものとして、
ＮａＭｇ2Ｌｉ（Ｓｉ4Ｏ10）Ｆ2、ＮａＭｇ25（Ｓｉ4Ｏ
10）Ｆ2、ＬｉＭｇ2Ｌｉ（Ｓｉ4Ｏ10）Ｆ2、Ｎａ0.3Ｍ
ｇ27Ｌｉ0.3（Ｓｉ4Ｏ10）Ｆ2が挙げられる。The gist of the composite plating according to the invention of the prior application is that swellable fluorine mica is added as a dispersant to a base material such as nickel. The swelling mica is a synthetic mica that swells by absorbing water when immersed in water, and is cleaved to eventually become fine ultrafine particles. The swellable mica containing fluorine is a fluorinated mica in which OH − constituting a part of the crystal lattice is replaced with F − as bound water in the mica. As a typical example,
NaMg 2 Li (Si 4 O 10 ) F 2 , NaMg 25 (Si 4 O
10 ) F 2 , LiMg 2 Li (Si 4 O 10 ) F 2 , Na 0.3 M
g 27 Li 0.3 (Si 4 O 10 ) F 2 .
【０００６】上記膨潤性フッ素雲母を分散材とした雲母
複合めっきの使用によれば、ＰＴＦＥ複合めっきとほぼ
同じレベルの摩擦係数を有する摺動部材が得られる。ま
た、膨潤性フッ素雲母を分散材とした複合めっきは、雲
母自体に水溶液等への分散性を有することから、特別な
分散促進剤は不要となる。しかし、前記膨潤性フッ素雲
母は、前述したように自己膨潤性を有するので、水また
はめっき液に直接溶解させて使用するが、雲母粒子が膨
潤して大きくなり、かつ、鍍金が雲母に析出し、鍍金母
材に球状の析出物等が発生するという問題がある。According to the use of the mica composite plating using the swellable fluorine mica as a dispersant, a sliding member having a friction coefficient substantially equal to that of the PTFE composite plating can be obtained. Further, in the case of composite plating using swellable fluorine mica as a dispersant, mica itself has dispersibility in an aqueous solution or the like, so that a special dispersion accelerator is not required. However, since the swellable fluorine mica has a self-swelling property as described above, it is used by directly dissolving it in water or a plating solution.However, mica particles swell and become large, and plating deposits on the mica. In addition, there is a problem that a spherical precipitate or the like is generated in the plating base material.
【０００７】上述したように、膨潤性フッ素雲母は、そ
の特性から非常に水に可溶で分散性に優れているが、そ
の膨潤効果により、粒径が１μｍ以下の粒子でも液中に
入ると何倍にも体積膨張してしまう。これは、例えば、
Ｎａ系雲母の場合、結晶間のＮａ部分に水を吸収して膨
張し、この結晶構造が実際には連続していることから、
かなりの体積膨張となる。As described above, swellable fluorine mica is very soluble in water and excellent in dispersibility due to its properties. However, due to its swelling effect, particles having a particle size of 1 μm or less enter the liquid. The volume expands many times. This is, for example,
In the case of Na-based mica, the Na portion between the crystals absorbs water and expands, and since this crystal structure is actually continuous,
There is considerable volume expansion.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の目的】本発明は、ニッケル等の母材に膨潤性フ
ッ素雲母を分散材として添加しても、めっき母材に異常
球状析出が発生することのない複合めっき及びこれを用
いた摺動部材を提供することを主たる目的としている。An object of the present invention is to provide a composite plating which does not cause abnormal spherical precipitation in a plating base material even when swellable fluorine mica is added as a dispersing material to a base material such as nickel, and a sliding plate using the same. The main purpose is to provide members.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するた
め、本発明による複合めっきは、ニッケル等の母材に、
フッ素を含む膨潤性雲母を膨潤状態で２μｍ以下に微細
化した雲母粒子を分散材として添加して成ることを要旨
としている。In order to achieve the above object, the composite plating according to the present invention is applied to a base material such as nickel.
The gist of the present invention is that swellable mica containing fluorine is added as a dispersant to mica particles which are finely divided to 2 μm or less in a swollen state.
【００１０】さらに本発明による摺動部材は、ニッケル
等の母材に、フッ素を含む膨潤性雲母を膨潤状態で２μ
ｍ以下に微細化した雲母粒子を分散材として添加して成
る複合めっきが表面に施されていることを要旨としてい
る。Further, the sliding member according to the present invention is characterized in that a swelling mica containing fluorine is added to a base material such as nickel by 2 μm in a swollen state.
The gist of the present invention is that a composite plating made by adding mica particles finer than m as a dispersant is applied to the surface.
【００１１】上記構成の雲母複合めっきは、例えば、フ
ッ素を含む膨潤性雲母を一度粉砕したものを水に溶解
し、ゾル化した雲母の上澄液を複合めっき中に分散させ
るか、もしくは、ゲル状にした雲母水分散液を再び乳鉢
等で粉砕したものを複合めっき中に分散させることによ
って得られる。In the mica composite plating having the above structure, for example, swellable mica containing fluorine is once ground and dissolved in water, and the supernatant of sol-ized mica is dispersed in the composite plating. It is obtained by dispersing the mica water dispersion in the form of a mixture in a mortar or the like again in the composite plating.
【００１２】[0012]
【作用】上記構成の複合めっきにあっては、分散材とし
て添加された膨潤性フッ素雲母は、微細な雲母粒子とし
て含まれているので、めっきの異常球状析出は防止され
る。また、前記複合めっきの使用によれば、ＰＴＦＥ複
合めっきとほぼ同じレベルの摩擦係数を有する摺動部材
が得られる。In the composite plating having the above structure, the swellable fluorine mica added as a dispersant is contained as fine mica particles, so that abnormal spherical precipitation of the plating is prevented. Further, according to the use of the composite plating, a sliding member having a friction coefficient substantially equal to that of the PTFE composite plating can be obtained.
【００１３】[0013]
【実施例】以下本発明の実施例を説明する。本発明によ
る複合めっきは、膨潤性フッ素雲母を一度粉砕したもの
を水に溶解させてゾル化し、そのフッ素雲母の上澄液、
もしくはゲル状にしたフッ素雲母水分散液を再び乳鉢等
で粉砕し、膨潤状態で微細（２μｍ以下程度）にしたフ
ッ素雲母微粒子を分散材とし、これを、例えば次亜燐酸
ニッケル液（Ｎｉ−Ｐ）に添加することにより容易に得
られる。この複合めっきには、従来発生していた異常球
状析出（５μｍ以上）を発生してない。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The composite plating according to the present invention is obtained by dissolving swellable fluoromica once crushed into water to form a sol, and the supernatant of the fluoromica,
Alternatively, the aqueous dispersion of gelled fluorine mica is pulverized again in a mortar or the like, and fine particles of swollen fine mica (about 2 μm or less) are used as a dispersing agent. ) Can be easily obtained. This composite plating does not have the abnormal spherical precipitation (5 μm or more) which has conventionally occurred.
【００１４】図１に、本発明の一実施例として、図８に
示した軸部材１に前記フッ素雲母複合めっきを施す表面
処理工程図を示す。まず、摺動部材（軸部材）を水洗い
−酸洗い−水洗いの工程により表面を洗浄したあと、無
電解Ｎｉ−Ｐめっきを施す。これは次の雲母複合めっき
の密着性を向上させるためである。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a surface treatment process for applying the above-mentioned fluoromica composite plating to the shaft member 1 shown in FIG. 8 as one embodiment of the present invention. First, the surface of the sliding member (shaft member) is washed by a process of washing with water, pickling, and washing with water, and then electroless Ni-P plating is performed. This is to improve the adhesion of the next mica composite plating.
【００１５】次に、上記無電解Ｎｉ−Ｐめっき処理した
摺動部材を前述したフッ素雲母複合めっき材料（約９０
℃、ｐＨ５〜５．５）中に浸漬し、無電解フッ素雲母複
合めっきを施す。この無電解めっき工程で潤滑性を有す
るフッ素雲母複合めっき被覆（２〜３μｍ）が得られ
る。Next, the sliding member subjected to the electroless Ni-P plating was treated with the above-described fluoromica composite plating material (about 90%).
C., pH 5 to 5.5) to perform electroless fluorine mica composite plating. In this electroless plating step, a fluoromica composite plating coating (2 to 3 μm) having lubricity is obtained.
【００１６】図２は、粉砕処理前のフッ素雲母粒子を顕
微鏡で拡大した結晶構造写真である。 図３は、粉砕処
理後のフッ素雲母粒子を顕微鏡で拡大した結晶構造写真
である。図４及び図５は、さらにそれを拡大した結晶構
造写真である。図６は、前記フッ素雲母複合めっきを施
した摺動部材表面のフッ素雲母皮膜の結晶構造写真であ
る。図７は、粉砕処理しない従来のフッ素雲母複合めっ
きが施した摺動部材表面のフッ素雲母皮膜の結晶構造写
真である。なお、前記各写真中、「１０００μｍ」等の
数値表示は、写真右下の点線の左端から右端までの寸法
を示している。FIG. 2 is a microscopic photograph of the crystal structure of the fluoromica particles before the pulverization treatment. FIG. 3 is a crystal structure photograph in which the fluorine mica particles after the pulverization treatment are enlarged by a microscope. 4 and 5 are further enlarged photographs of the crystal structure. FIG. 6 is a photograph of the crystal structure of the fluoromica film on the surface of the sliding member on which the fluoromica composite plating has been applied. FIG. 7 is a photograph of the crystal structure of a fluoromica film on the surface of a sliding member that has been subjected to conventional fluoromica composite plating without pulverization. In addition, in each of the photographs, a numerical display such as “1000 μm” indicates a dimension from the left end to the right end of a dotted line at the lower right of the photograph.
【００１７】上記に示した写真から判るように、本発明
によるフッ素雲母複合めっきは、従来のフッ素雲母複合
めっきと比べ、異常球状析出がない。したがって、その
使用によれば、微小な粒子のフッ素雲母皮膜が得られ
る。As can be seen from the photographs shown above, the fluoromica composite plating according to the present invention has no abnormal spherical precipitation as compared with the conventional fluoromica composite plating. Therefore, according to the use thereof, a fluorine mica film of fine particles can be obtained.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】以上詳述したように、本発明によれば、
膨潤性フッ素雲母を一度粉砕して雲母粒子を分散材とし
て添加するものであるから、微小な粒子のみを含む複合
めっきが得られ、めっきの異常析出を防ぐことができ
る。また、前記フッ素雲母を分散材とした複合めっきの
使用によれば、微小な粒子のフッ素雲母皮膜を有する摺
動部材が得られる。As described in detail above, according to the present invention,
Since the swellable fluorine mica is pulverized once and mica particles are added as a dispersant, composite plating containing only fine particles can be obtained, and abnormal deposition of plating can be prevented. Further, according to the use of the composite plating using the fluoromica as a dispersing material, a sliding member having a fluoromica coating of fine particles can be obtained.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]
【図１】本発明の複合めっきを用いて摺動部材を得る表
面処理工程図である。FIG. 1 is a surface treatment process diagram for obtaining a sliding member using the composite plating of the present invention.
【図２】粉砕処理前のフッ素雲母粒子の顕微鏡拡大結晶
構造の写真である。FIG. 2 is a photograph of a microscopically enlarged crystal structure of fluorine mica particles before a pulverization treatment.
【図３】粉砕処理後のフッ素雲母粒子の顕微鏡拡大結晶
構造の写真である。FIG. 3 is a photograph of a microscopically enlarged crystal structure of fluorine mica particles after a pulverization treatment.
【図４】図３の部分拡大写真である。FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG. 3;
【図５】図３の部分拡大写真である。FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged photograph of FIG. 3;
【図６】フッ素雲母複合めっきを施した摺動部材表面の
フッ素雲母皮膜の結晶構造写真である。FIG. 6 is a photograph of the crystal structure of a fluoromica film on the surface of a sliding member that has been subjected to fluoromica composite plating.
【図７】粉砕処理しない従来のフッ素雲母複合めっきを
施した摺動部材表面のフッ素雲母皮膜の結晶構造写真で
ある。FIG. 7 is a photograph of the crystal structure of a fluoromica film on the surface of a sliding member which has been subjected to conventional fluoromica composite plating without pulverization.
【図８】光ピックアップ装置要部の断面図である。FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a main part of the optical pickup device.
１ 軸部材 ２ 対物レンズ ３ レンズホルダー 1 Shaft member 2 Objective lens 3 Lens holder
Claims (2)
性雲母を膨潤状態で２μｍ以下に微細化した雲母粒子を
分散材として添加して成ることを特徴とする複合めっ
き。1. A composite plating comprising a swellable mica containing fluorine and a mica particle finely reduced to 2 μm or less in a swollen state as a dispersing material to a base material such as nickel.
性雲母を膨潤状態で２μｍ以下に微細化した雲母粒子を
分散材として添加して成る複合めっきが表面に施されて
いることを特徴とする摺動部材。2. A composite plating is provided on a surface of a base material such as nickel by adding swelling mica containing fluorine as a dispersing agent to mica particles finely reduced to 2 μm or less in a swollen state. Sliding member.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28116294A JP2908711B2 (en) | 1994-10-20 | 1994-10-20 | Composite plating and sliding member using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28116294A JP2908711B2 (en) | 1994-10-20 | 1994-10-20 | Composite plating and sliding member using the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08120457A JPH08120457A (en) | 1996-05-14 |
| JP2908711B2 true JP2908711B2 (en) | 1999-06-21 |
Family
ID=17635223
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28116294A Expired - Fee Related JP2908711B2 (en) | 1994-10-20 | 1994-10-20 | Composite plating and sliding member using the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2908711B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK2449154T3 (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2022-01-10 | Cirrus Mat Science Limited | Method of plating or coating for the production of metal-ceramic coating on a substrate |
-
1994
- 1994-10-20 JP JP28116294A patent/JP2908711B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH08120457A (en) | 1996-05-14 |
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