JP2889181B2 - Ventilation system in tunnel - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic tunnel ventilation control device for the purpose of environmental preservation such as air-conditioning, temperature, humidity and the like in a tunnel construction and underground construction.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, at a site such as a tunnel construction,
Ventilation fans are used to maintain the working environment. However, since the conventional ventilation fan cannot control the air volume and the like, the air volume of the maximum required ventilation air volume is set and the constant air volume operation is always performed. Only when the construction work is stopped for a long time, the ventilation fan is manually stopped.

In recent years, ventilation air volume control fans such as a variable blade angle fan and a variable rotation speed fan which can control the air volume significantly and subtly have appeared, and a ventilation air volume control system has been proposed. That is, in the sequence operation, the number of rotations of the ventilation fan is controlled based on the work progress and the required airflow for each work, which are predicted and set in advance.

In the feedback control operation, the number of rotations of the ventilation fan is controlled based on the result of measuring the working environment at one or several points in the tunnel at a fixed point.

[0005]

However, the required amount of ventilation air varies greatly depending on the type, scale, position, etc. of the construction work. Therefore, in the case of a ventilation fan whose air volume cannot be controlled, if the annual constant air volume operation is performed at the maximum value of the required ventilation air volume, ventilation often becomes more than necessary as a result. In particular, when the ventilation air volume is large, such as in a large-scale underground power plant or a long tunnel, the extra ventilation volume may increase, which is uneconomical.

[0006] Even when a ventilation air volume control fan is used, the work content at the site is diversified and the work environment changes drastically. Therefore, an automatic control method based on comprehensive measurement of the work environment has not been established. That is, since the sequence operation is an operation method determined in advance based on the operation schedule, it cannot cope with an unexpected operation or a change in the amount of gas or dust in the tunnel. Therefore, the ventilation may be insufficient and the working environment may not achieve the target value.

In the feedback control operation based on the result of the fixed point measurement, it is difficult to accurately grasp the working environment. In other words, while the position of the tunnel face, which has a large effect on the work environment, changes with the progress of construction, it is not easy to change the fixed-point measurement position.
When the position of the tunnel face and the fixed point measurement position are separated,
In some cases, the ventilation air volume was too low and the working environment deteriorated.

In addition, it is practical to install various kinds of measuring sensors such as a C0 concentration, a C02 concentration, a NOx concentration, a CH4 concentration, a dust concentration, a wet temperature, and a visibility at various places in a site having a small cross-sectional area such as a tunnel. It was difficult to perform the control based on comprehensive measurement of the working environment.

The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method based on comprehensive measurement of on-site working environments such as tunnel construction and underground construction.
An object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation system in a tunnel, which can automatically control the air volume of a ventilation fan so as to maintain a good working environment.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a first measuring means for measuring environmental data and a second measuring means for measuring position data in a tunnel. A moving body moving in the tunnel, and control means for comprehensively analyzing and processing the measured environmental data and position data over the entire area of the tunnel and controlling the ventilation volume in the tunnel. A ventilation system in a tunnel, comprising:

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the ventilation system 1. The ventilation system 1 is provided at a construction site of a relatively short tunnel 3 of, for example, 1,000 m or less. As a ventilator, a fan 7 near the wellhead 5
And a wind tube 11 is provided between the fan 7 and the vicinity of the face 9. Reference numeral 13 denotes a motor (variable rotation speed) for controlling the ventilation air volume of the fan 7.

Next, a description will be given of a method of acquiring environmental measurement data by a moving body for controlling the ventilation air volume. Heavy equipment such as a bulldozer 17 working in the tunnel 3
A measuring device such as an environment measuring sensor 19 and a wireless transmitter 21 are mounted on the roof of the vehicle. Also, measuring instruments such as an environment measuring sensor 25 and a wireless transmitter 27 are mounted on the roof of a vehicle 23 such as a dump truck or a truck mixer truck. It should be noted that one or a plurality of moving bodies equipped with measuring instruments and a wireless transmitter may be provided.

A radio receiver 29 is provided at an appropriate position in the tunnel 3 to receive underground radio (telemeter) from the radio transmitters 21 and 27. The computer 31 is connected to the wireless receiver 29 via a signal cable, and the motor 13 is connected to the computer 31 via a signal cable. The computer 31 may be a dedicated control device or a personal computer.

Next, an example of a device mounted on each mobile unit will be described in detail. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing devices loaded on the vehicle 23. In the moving vehicle 23,
An environment measurement sensor 25, a travel sensor 35, a three-dimensional gyro 37, an AD converter 39, and a wireless transmitter 27 are provided.

The devices loaded on the vehicle 23 will be briefly described. The environment measurement sensor 25 measures part or all of the dust concentration, various gas concentrations, temperature, humidity, light transmittance, wind speed, and the like. As the gas concentration, for example, C0 concentration,
C02 concentration, NOx concentration, CH4 concentration and the like are measured.

The environment measuring sensors 19 and 25 are connected to the tunnel 3
Is mounted on the heavy equipment 17 near the center of the section of the vehicle or on the roof of the vehicle 23. Therefore, data measured by the environment measurement sensors 19 and 25 can be regarded as representative values of the tunnel cross section.

The traveling sensor 35 is an axle rotation sensor or the like.
The running distance of the vehicle 23 is constantly measured. 3D gyro 3
At 7, the direction of the vehicle 23 is constantly measured.

Next, the processing of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
This will be briefly described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. First, the heavy equipment 17 and the vehicle 23 travel or stop in the tunnel 3 as required for each work, and the environment measuring sensors 19 and 25
Measures data such as gas concentration at, for example, two-second intervals (step 501).

The environment measuring sensor 25, the running sensors 35, 3
The data measured by the dimensional gyro 37 is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal by an AD converter 39 as necessary. The digital signal is transmitted by the wireless transmitters 21 and 27 and received by the wireless receiver 29 (Step 502).

The data received by the radio receiver 29 is transmitted to the computer 31. The computer 31 performs a comprehensive analysis process on the air environment in the tunnel 3 based on the measurement time data, the environment measurement data, and the measurement position data, and calculates an appropriate ventilation air volume based on the analysis process result. Based on the calculation result of the computer 31,
The number of revolutions of the motor 13 is controlled (step 503), whereby the airflow of the fan 7 is controlled (step 50).
4).

For example, when it is determined that the dust concentration in the vicinity of the face 9 has exceeded the allowable upper limit, the computer 31 increases the rotation speed of the motor 13 to increase the ventilation air volume of the fan 7. . The computer 31
When it is determined that the dust concentration in the vicinity of the face 9 has become lower than the allowable lower limit, the number of rotations of the motor 13 is reduced, and the ventilation air volume of the fan 7 is reduced.

Next, at step 505, it is determined whether or not the control of the number of revolutions of the fan is to be terminated. Normally, a series of operations from step 501 to step 504 are continuously performed during the construction period unless the control is stopped due to the completion of the construction.

Here, a method of processing and analyzing the acquired data will be described. Each measurement value is received by the wireless receiver 29 and automatically input to the computer 31 for analysis. The computer 31 first grasps measurement time data, environment measurement data, and measurement position data. Measurement time data is
By measuring on the computer 31 side, the amount of data transmitted wirelessly can be reduced.

The computer 31 grasps the measurement position at each time when each environmental measurement data is obtained. Travel sensor 35
Measures the traveling distance of the vehicle 23 from the reference position. 3
The dimensional gyro 37 measures the moving direction of the vehicle 23.
Therefore, although the position of the environment measurement sensor 25 is grasped on three-dimensional coordinates, measurement errors are accumulated. To make corrections.

The measurement time data, the environment measurement data, and the measurement position data are comprehensively analyzed by the computer 31, and the environment in the tunnel 3 is comprehensively grasped with time. For example, when measuring the environment at two-second intervals, the vehicle 23
Travels at a speed limit of 20 km / h in the working pit,
Environment measurement data is obtained at intervals of about 10 m for the entire inside of the tunnel 3.

If the tunnel 3 is about 1,000 m, the vehicle 23 passes in about 3 minutes. Therefore, if the vehicle 23 is a dump truck that discharges excavation by reciprocating operation,
The environmental measurement data of each part in the tunnel 3 is monitored at intervals of several minutes. Therefore, the rotation speed of the motor 9 is always appropriately controlled, and the air volume of the fan 7 is controlled.

Since the environmental measurement interval is short, it is possible to control the ventilation air volume of the fan 7 so as to sufficiently cope with a sudden change in the working environment or sudden ejection of toxic gas.

When the number of heavy machines and vehicles equipped with the environment measuring sensor is increased, the working environment in the tunnel 3 can be grasped at smaller intervals.

As described above in detail, according to the present embodiment, the work environment is comprehensively measured with multiple items and a fine sense of time over the entire range of the tunnel 3 so that the work environment is maintained in a good condition. The air volume of the ventilation fan 7 can be automatically controlled.

(A) By mounting the environment measuring sensors 19 and 25 on the heavy equipment 17 near the face 9 and the vehicle 23 in the tunnel 3, there is no need to install or relocate the sensors. Environment measurement data around the face 9 can always be obtained.

(B) Since the underground radio (telemeter) is used, there is no need to install or move a signal cable.

(C) Since the environment is always measured while the heavy equipment 17 and the vehicle 23 are moving or stopped for their original work, a wide range of environment measurement data can be obtained inside the tunnel 3. .

(D) Since the environment measuring sensors 19 and 25 are mounted on the heavy equipment 17 and the vehicle 23, it is possible to simultaneously measure various types of items.

(E) Since the ventilation efficiency differs depending on the tunnel, the relationship between the environmental measurement data, the ventilation air volume, and the environmental improvement status data is analyzed at each site and stored in the computer 31 so that the ventilation air volume can be more efficiently reduced. Can be adjusted.

(F) The vehicle 23 including the environment measuring sensor 25, the traveling sensor 35, the three-dimensional gyro 37, the AD converter 39, the wireless transmitter 27, and the like has the same system as the ventilation system 1. It can be used at tunnel construction sites.

(G) Even for a tunnel whose construction has already started, the original ventilation tube is used, only a fan, a motor, a computer and a radio receiver are attached, and a vehicle 23 is prepared. A system similar to the ventilation system 1 can be realized.

In the present embodiment, the moving body has been described as a heavy machine 17 such as a bulldozer or a vehicle 23 such as a dump truck. However, the moving body may be a shield machine, a carrier, or any other. . Further, the sensors may be mounted on a helmet worn by the worker, or stored in a form such as a backpack or a bag, and transported by the worker.

Next, another embodiment will be described.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of the ventilation system 51 in the long tunnel 53. The ventilation system 51 is, for example, 1, 0
It is provided at the construction site of the long tunnel 53 of 00 m or more. 55 is a wellhead, and 57 is a face. Since the interval is long, the air supply fan 5 is located near the middle of the long tunnel 53.
9 and an air supply pipe 61 from the air supply fan 59 to the vicinity of the face 57. 63 indicates air supply.

Further, for example, the face 57
Exhaust fan 65 is provided on the
An exhaust air pipe 67 is provided up to around 5. 69 indicates exhaust.

Heavy equipment 7 working in the long tunnel 53
1 is equipped with measuring instruments such as an environment measuring sensor 73 and a wireless transmitter 75. The vehicle 79 is also equipped with measuring instruments such as an environment measuring sensor 81 and a wireless transmitter 83.

The air supply fan 59 and the exhaust fan 6
A radio receiver 77 is provided at an appropriate position, such as near 5,
The computer 87 is connected to the wireless receiver 77. In order to reliably receive radio waves in the long tunnel 53, one or more wireless relay bases 8 may be provided at appropriate positions in the long tunnel 53.
5 is installed.

The computer 87 supplies an air supply motor 89 for controlling the rotation of the air supply fan 59 based on the result of the environmental analysis.
And the operation of the exhaust motor 91 that controls the rotation of the exhaust fan 65 is controlled.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, the ventilation system 51 using the wireless system can be installed even in the long tunnel 53.

In the example of FIG. 4, one air supply fan 59 and one exhaust fan 65 are provided, but a plurality of air supply fans 59 and a plurality of exhaust fans 65 may be provided depending on conditions such as the shape and length of the tunnel.

[0045]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the ventilation fan is designed to maintain a good working environment based on a comprehensive measurement of the working environment on site such as underground work and tunnel work. It is possible to provide a ventilation system in a tunnel that can automatically control an air volume.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a ventilation system 1.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing devices loaded on a vehicle 23;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a process according to the embodiment;

FIG. 4 shows a ventilation system 51 in a long tunnel 53.
Schematic configuration diagram of

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ventilation system 3 tunnel 5 wellhead 7 fan 9 face 11 wind tube 13 motor (variable rotation speed) 15 air supply 17 … Heavy equipment 19… environmental measurement sensor 21… wireless transmitter 23… vehicle 25… environmental measurement sensor 27… wireless transmitter 29… wireless receiver 31… computer 33… Wheels 35 Running sensor 37 Three-dimensional gyro 39 AD converter 51 Ventilation system 53 Large tunnel 59 Air supply fan 61 Air supply air tube 65 Exhaust fan 67 Exhaust air tube 85 Wireless relay base 89 Air supply motor 91 Exhaust motor

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Masanori Karikome 2-9-1-1, Tobita-Sen, Chofu-shi, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. Technical Research Institute (56) References JP-A-8-42299 (JP, A) ( 58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E21F 1/00

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. First measuring means for measuring environmental data
And second measuring means for measuring position data in the tunnel
And the moving object moving in the tunnel, and the measured environmental data and position data throughout the tunnel.
-Comprehensive analysis of data and control of ventilation volume in tunnel
A ventilation system in a tunnel, comprising:
M 2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising third measuring means for measuring time.
Wherein the control means comprises the environmental data and the position data.
Data and the above time are analyzed comprehensively and exchanged in the tunnel.
2. The tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the volume is controlled.
Ventilation system in the le. 3. The moving body moves in the entire area of the tunnel.
The tunnel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
Ventilation system in the le.