JP2879177B2 - Method for promoting growth of mushroom mycelium and promoting body formation - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for accelerating the growth of mushroom mycelium and a method for forming mushroom fruit bodies. More specifically, in culturing mushroom mycelium, the growth of mushroom mycelium is added by adding cyclodextrin to a medium. The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms, wherein the fruit body primordium is formed uniformly at an early stage.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional mushroom culture media include:
For example, in the case of Bunashimeji (common name: Honmeji) , 53
A typical medium composition for 0 g bottle cultivation is rice bran 75
g, 30 g of bran and 100 g of beech scum are mixed to adjust the water content to 63%.

[0003] In order to increase the yield of mushroom fruit bodies (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as mushrooms), a medium having the following composition ratio to which an inorganic nutrient is added is also used. Sawdust 75-72% by weight Inorganic nutritional supplement ^* 1-2% by weight Rice bran 14% by weight Husuma 5-6% by weight Maize (gravest) 5-6% by weight ^* A mixture of aluminum silicate and magnesium silicate

[0004] In addition, a mixture of various inorganic compounds such as aluminum oxide, silicic acid, and magnesium oxide is commercially available as a mushroom nutrient, and is used to increase the yield of mushrooms. Further, it is said that the addition of wood waste such as lignin and hemicellulose is effective for promoting the growth of mushroom mycelium.

However, the use of mushroom nutrients has the disadvantage of raising production costs and increasing product prices. Furthermore, the whole process of mushroom cultivation is, for example, in the case of Bunashimeji , the inoculum culture 40-45 from the production medium until harvest.
It takes a total of 170 to 185 days per day, 35 to 40 days for main culture, 70 days for ripening of the medium, and 25 to 30 days after harvesting the fungus. In order to improve the yield per fixed area, it is better to increase the yield than to increase the yield. It is urgent to shorten the culture time.

[0006]

In view of the above situation, the present inventors search for a food material that promotes the growth of mushroom mycelium and is also effective in forming mushroom primordia. to study the results, we found that cyclodextrin exhibits a remarkable effect, further the cyclo dextrinase
The present inventors have found that the whole process of cultivating mushrooms can be remarkably shortened by mixing and culturing the inoculum cultivated in the medium to which the medium has been added, with the main culture medium, thereby completing the present invention.

[0007]

That is, the present invention provides a method for promoting the growth of mushroom hyphae, which comprises adding cyclodextrin to a culture medium when culturing the mushroom hyphae.
When cultivating mushroom hyphae,
By adding dextrin, the growth of mushroom mycelium
It is characterized by early formation of fruiting body primordia
The present invention relates to a method for culturing mushrooms .

[0008] The type of mushroom to which the present invention is applied is not limited. For example, oyster mushroom, enokitake mushroom, tamogi mushroom, matsutake mushroom, hatstake mushroom, konaratake mushroom, halshimeji, bunashime
Di , shimeji mushroom, purple mushroom, hatake mushroom, nameko, koganate mushroom, shiitake mushroom, yamabushi mushroom and the like. Note that Matsutake is a child
No substance primordium is formed .

The cyclodextrin used in the present invention includes products such as α, β, γ-cyclodextrin and branched cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof. Cheap cycling
Rodextrin products, eg trade name: Cyclo TC-P
The use of G is appropriate. In order to obtain an inexpensive cyclodextrin product, starch can be gelatinized and cyclodextrin water syrup obtained by adding cyclodextrin synthase at the same time can be used alone or in combination with the above product.

Here, an example of a method for producing cyclodextrin water candy is shown below.
After boiling and dissolving with amylase, commercially available cyclodextrin synthase is added to 5-20 THU / g of starch.
(Tilden-Hudson unit) In addition, there is a method in which the mixture is left at 40 to 50 ° C. overnight for production. This water turtle may be added to sawdust and the like as a part of water in preparing the medium. In addition, normal starch hydrolyzate or powdered candy may give good results, so dextrin is inoculated with a bacterium such as Bacillus macerans that produces cyclodextrin synthase, and dextrin is converted to cyclodextrin in the course of culture. A method is also conceivable.

The generation of mushroom primordia is proportional to the content of cyclodextrin and occurs uniformly and favorably up to about 5%, but when it exceeds 15%, the occurrence is more suppressed than in the case of a normal medium. is there. Further, the appropriate content of cyclodextrin varies depending on the type of mushroom. For example, in the case of Matsutake, when cyclodextrin is added in a range of 1 to 5%, elongation of mycelium was promoted . Therefore, an appropriate amount of cyclodextrin should be determined in consideration of the type of mushroom. In addition, in the case of oyster mushroom, enokitake mushroom, tamogi mushroom, hatstake mushroom, konaratake mushroom, harushimeji, bunashimeji mushroom, mushroom mushroom, purple mushroom, and kanetake mushroom, the addition amount of cyclodextrin is 1 to 1.
In the range of 15%, elongation of mycelium and generation of primordia are promoted.

In the practice of the present invention, its effect can be further enhanced by appropriately mixing it with a known mushroom mycelium growth promoting agent, a material for forming fruiting bodies, etc. together with cyclodextrin. Lignin preparations are known to accelerate the growth of mushroom hyphae and affect fruiting body formation. However, the combined use with cyclodextrin can increase the yield of mushrooms. For example, 1% of lignin preparation (trade name: Sunpearl CP) and cyclodex
When 2% of the string is used in combination, the yield can be increased by 5 to 10% as compared with the case where the lignin preparation is used alone. Similarly, good results are obtained when used in combination with inorganic nutrients such as aluminum silicate and magnesium silicate. As inorganic nutrients, those obtained by appropriately pulverizing and mixing sand, volcanic ash, clay, bittern and the like can also be used.

[0013] The method of the present invention can be applied to the effective use of post-harvest waste materials. That is, mushroom fruiting bodies can be formed again by mixing and using the harvested waste material with the cyclodextrin-containing medium. The yield at this time is about 70% for the first time and about 40% for the third time when 50% of the waste material is mixed. Although the growth of mycelium and the formation of fruiting bodies are inferior, it is also possible to mix the above-mentioned waste material with a normal medium and use it. Such an effect due to the addition of cyclodextrin is considered to be due to the fact that cyclodextrin is inhibited by inclusion of a growth inhibitor which is produced and accumulated in the medium together with the growth of hyphae, and / or is used as a nutrient source of a substance related to cyclodextrin. . In the former case, the method of the present invention may be similarly applied to powder, granular charcoal, and the like as long as they have an inhibitory effect on the inhibitor.

[0014]

Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. Test Example 1 In cultivating Hon-shimeji mushrooms, cyclodextrin powdered candy (trade name: Cyclo TC) was used as cyclodextrin.
-PG), a medium having the following composition was prepared, and Hon-shimeji was cultured therein. Pine sawdust 70.7% rice bran 15% bran 6% corn meal ^* 6% cyclodextrin 2.3% water content adjusted to 63% ^* Trade name: Gravest After adding 25% to the culture medium and culturing the medium for 20 days,
There were a total of 110 days with 15 days of harvest. Since the period from the main culture to the harvest is 65 days, it can be shortened to a half or less of the period of 130 days or more of the conventional method.

Test Example 2 In the special culture (Shansun culture) of Yamabushitake, the period from the main culture to the germ removal on the 22nd day, the germination on the 3rd day and the period from harvest to 12 to 13 days was determined. When the temperature was set at 16 ° C., the primordia was uniformly and extremely good, the germination was faster than in the case of normal nutrition, the yield was all grade A, and the texture during tasting was fibrous.

Test Example 3 In Test Example 1, the amount of cyclodextrin added was 5
%, The number of days of inoculum culture can be reduced to about 35 days, but the inoculum is preferably cultured for 40 to 45 days. Usually, the inoculum is added to the main culture medium in an amount of 5 per bottle.
Sprinkle with 10 to 10 g and take a long time to grow the mycelium. When the inoculum is added to the following medium in a range of 10 to 50% and mixed and main-cultured, the main culture days are 4 to 25 days as described below. The medium ripening could be shortened to 25 to 30 days and the harvest to 15 days, for a total of 44 to 60 days. Pine sawdust 71% rice bran 15% bran 6% corn meal ^* 6% cyclodextrin 2% water content adjusted to 63% ^* Trade name: Gravest 50% mixed: Completely cultured in about 4-5 days after mixing 30% mixed: Completely culture 10 to 15 days after mixing 10% mixing: Completely culture 20 to 25 days after mixing

Example 1 Bunashimeji was used for pine sawdust 76.5%, rice bran 15%, bran 6%, cyclodextrin (trade name: Cyclo TC)
-PG) A medium having a composition of 2.5% and a water content adjusted to 62% was inoculated and cultured for 45 days. Pine sawdust 79
%, Rice bran 15%, and bran 6%, the water content was adjusted to 65% by adding 10% to the main culture medium, and the mixture was cultured. As a result, it took 100 days from the main culture to harvest. When the mixed medium was pressed and a seed layer having a thickness of 1 cm was further pressed and placed, the formation of fruiting bodies was further promoted, and the time from main culture to harvest was reduced to 80 days.

The amount of cyclodextrin added is 5
% And then, where except that the inoculum inoculum was 20% was carried out as could be shortened to 70 days from the culture to harvest. In addition, Dexie Pearl SD-20 (total cyclodextrin content: 20%) as cyclodextrin,
Dexie Pearl K-50 (total cyclodextrin content 50%), Dexie Pearl K-100 (total cyclodextrin content 98%), Dexie Pearl S-50
Cyclodextrins such as (total cyclodextrin content 50%): Branched cyclodextrins (trade name:
Isoelite P, total cyclodextrin content 80%
Above, maltosyl-cyclodextrin 50% or more)
However, similar results were obtained, but the addition of powdered candy to cyclodextrin could give the mushrooms a good quality taste.

Example 2 Yamabushitake was inoculated into a medium having a composition of 74% pine sawdust, 15% rice bran, 6% sorghum powder and 5% cyclodextrin (trade name: Cyclo TC-PG) adjusted to have a water content of 62%. The culture was performed for 45 days. 30% of this inoculum in a main culture medium prepared by adjusting the water content to 65% with pine sawdust 92%, rice bran 6%, sorghum powder (trade name: Sakuramir) 2%
After addition, mixing and culturing, 1
00 days.

Example 3 Commercially available lignin preparation (trade name: Sunpearl CP) 1%, pine sawdust 81.5%, rice bran 12%, sorghum powder (trade name: Sakuramir) 3%, cyclodextrin (trade name: cyclo) TC-PG) 2.5% water content and 62%
% Of the medium was inoculated with Bunashimeji and cultured for 45 days. This inoculum was cultivated by adding 30% of this inoculum to a main culture medium adjusted to a water content of 65% with pine sawdust 85%, rice bran 12%, and sorghum powder (trade name: Sakuramir) 3%. This was 65 days, which was shorter than in Example 1. In addition, the yield of Bunashimeji is also 10
Increased by 15%. The same effect was obtained when 2% of a commercially available inorganic nutrient (trade name: TAKARACLIN A) was used instead of the lignin preparation. When matsutake mushrooms and mushrooms were similarly cultured, no fruiting body formation was observed, but the growth rate of mycelia was 1.
It was 2-1.5 times.

Example 4 Cyclodextrin water was added to 72% of beech sawdust, 10% of rice bran, 6% of sorghum meal (trade name: germcas), 6% of sorghum powder (trade name: Sakuramir), and 4% of Kouriang (trade name: milo). Add 2% candy and 63% water
After inoculation of the bacterium of Muraximezi with the medium adjusted to 1), fruiting bodies were formed in 200 days, and large mushrooms (bulk size: 10 cm) were obtained.

Similarly, cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, Oyster mushroom, Enokitake mushroom, Tamogi mushroom, Konaratake mushroom, Harushimiji, Hatake mushroom, Nameko, Kogantake mushroom, and Shiitake mushroom were performed. Was promoted.

[0023]

According to the mushroom production according to the conventional method, for example, in the case of Bunashimeji , from the production medium to the time of harvest from 130 to 130
Although 150 days were required and the production efficiency per unit area was low, the period can be shortened to 65 to 75 days by the method of the present invention. Therefore, the production efficiency of mushrooms can be doubled.

Further, the reuse of waste materials after harvesting mushrooms is as follows.
Although there was a stronger demand than before in terms of environmental protection, according to the present invention, in order to maintain and increase the vitality of the mushroom mycelium by adding cyclodextrin, the fruiting body was formed again even when the waste material was added to the medium, Can be harvested. In addition, by using the nutrient in combination with a known nutrient for increasing production, the culture period can be shortened at the same time as increasing the production of mushrooms, so that the production efficiency can be further increased.

Moreover, according to the present invention, since the mushroom primordia is formed uniformly, it is possible to omit the operation of scraping bacteria. The method of the present invention can also be applied to the production of mushroom-infected seedlings. That is, by peeling the skin of the conduit portion in advance at the time of cutting, leaving it for 1 to 6 months to form callus on the tip of the branch, and then cutting the branch with the callus on the nursery, a mushroom-infected seedling can be obtained. In this case, if cyclodextrin is added according to the present invention, infection becomes easier. Similarly, good results can be obtained by using a mixture of a dextrin and a cyclodextrin synthase-producing bacterium such as Bacillus macerans.

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Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] Upon 1. A cultivating mushrooms mycelium, mushrooms, characterized in that the addition of cyclodextrin to the medium
A method for promoting the growth of hyphae . 2. A culture medium for culturing mushroom mycelium.
By adding cyclodextrin, mushroom mycelium
Is especially important to accelerate the growth of
Mushroom culture method to be characterized . 3. The mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mushroom is an oyster mushroom, an enokitake mushroom, a mushroom mushroom, a matsutake mushroom, a mushroom mushroom, a corn mushroom, a halshimeji mushroom, a bunashimeji mushroom, a mushroom mushroom, a purple mushroom mushroom, a hatake mushroom mushroom, a nameko, a komanetake mushroom, a shiitake mushroom or a yamabushi mushroom. Method. 4. A method according to claim 1 or 2 adding lignin preparation together with cyclodextrin in the medium.