JP2873007B2 - Forward / backward switching device for electric vehicles - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a forward / reverse changeover switch device for an electric vehicle, comprising a changeover switch, a microswitch, and a solenoid switch.

(Prior Art) In a forward / reverse changeover switch used in an electric vehicle, two movable terminals are rotated by approximately 90 ° on four fixed terminals by rotating a switch lever, whereby the movable terminal is fixed to the movable terminal. The combination of contact with the terminal changes, and the flow of current is switched to switch between forward and backward.

However, since a large current continues to flow even during the switching operation, an arc is generated between the terminals, which causes a problem that the life of the terminals is shortened.

Therefore, a micro switch and a solenoid switch are added to the changeover switch, and the micro switch is linked with the rotation of the switch lever by using a cam mechanism or the like.
Attempts have been made to turn on and turn off the solenoid switch by turning on the micro switch to cut off the flow of current, and to turn the switch lever to switch operation with the current cut off.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, even in the above-described technology, the lever switch must be rotated somewhat while a large current is flowing to turn on the solenoid switch.
In the ON state (that is, when a large current is flowing), the movable terminal rotates while sliding on the fixed terminal for a short time, and the above problem has not been completely solved.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle changeover switch device capable of reliably preventing occurrence of an arc between terminals and improving the durability of the terminals. To be.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is to change the combination of the two contacts by rotating the movable terminal while contacting the fixed terminal by a shift operation. It is configured by adding a micro switch and a solenoid switch to a changeover switch that switches the direction of current flow,
In the forward / backward changeover switch device for an electric vehicle, in which the solenoid switch is turned off by the ON operation of the microswitch to cut off the current flow to the changeover switch, the movable terminal of the changeover switch is turned by the turning operation. The micro switch is turned on before the movable terminal of the changeover switch is rotated by the axial movement of the shift lever to be rotated before the rotation operation.

Further, the present invention provides a micro switch and a solenoid switch for a changeover switch for switching a current flow direction by rotating a movable terminal while making contact with a fixed terminal by a shift operation to change a combination of the two contacts. In the forward / backward changeover switch device for an electric vehicle, wherein the solenoid switch is turned off by turning on the microswitch to cut off the flow of current to the changeover switch, a cam plate is integrally formed. A torsion spring is wound around a shaft to be rotated, and the movable terminal of the changeover switch is kept in an immobile state until the biasing force of the torsion spring is reduced to 0, and thereafter the movable terminal With the shaft, and until the biasing force of the torsion spring becomes zero. Before the movable terminal is rotated with the shaft, ON the microswitch by said cam plate
It is characterized in that it is configured to be confused.

(Operation) According to the present invention, before the switching operation is performed by rotating the movable terminal, the micro switch is turned on and the solenoid switch is turned off, and the flow of current to the changeover switch is completely interrupted. Therefore, an arc cannot be generated between the terminals during the switching operation, and the durability of the terminals is improved.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, the circuit configuration of the forward / reverse switching mechanism of the electric vehicle will be schematically described with reference to FIG. 6. In FIG. 6, B is a battery, which includes a solenoid switch SOL, a changeover switch S, a speed regulator V, The motor M is connected in series. The battery B has the solenoid switch SO
The micro switch MS to turn on and off L is connected. When the micro switch MS is turned on, the solenoid switch SOL is turned off, and the flow of large current to the changeover switch S, the speed regulator V and the motor M is cut off. When the microswitch MS is turned off, the solenoid switch SOL is turned on, and a large current flows through the motor M, so that the motor M is driven to rotate.

Incidentally, the changeover switch S has four fixed terminals 1.
, And two movable terminals 2, 2. The movable terminals 2, 2 are turned by 90 ° from the solid line position in the figure to be switched to the broken line position in the figure, and the motor M is reversed. The power of the motor M is transmitted to wheels via a speed reduction mechanism (not shown), and the wheels are driven to rotate so that the electric vehicle moves forward or backward.

Here, the details of the changeover switch device according to the present invention will be described in the first.
A description will be given with reference to FIGS. 1 is a configuration of a changeover switch device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.
The drawing is a view in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is a view in arrow C in FIG.
FIG.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 3 denotes a shift lever. The lower half of the shift lever 3 is slidably fitted in a cylindrical guide member 5 rotatable about a shaft 4. This is always urged upward by a spring 6. A pin 7 is provided at the lower end of the shift lever 3 at a right angle to the axis as shown in the figure, and both ends of the pin 7 pass through long holes 5a, 5a formed in the guide member 5. The guide member 5 protrudes outward, and one end thereof is engaged with a guide groove 9 formed in a guide plate 8,
Thus, the upward movement of the shift lever 3 is restricted.
As shown in FIG. 1, recesses 9a and 9b with which the pins 7 are engaged are formed in the guide groove 9, and these recesses 9a and 9b correspond to the backward and forward positions, respectively.

The other end of the pin 7 is connected to an upper end of a rod 10 which is bent in a substantially U-shape on the side, and the lower end of the rod 10 is It is slidably inserted into a guide piece 11a standing on an arm 11 that rotates together with the shift lever 3. An engaging piece 10a is integrally formed at the lower end of the rod 10 to protrude therefrom.
The micro switch MS (see FIG. 6) is connected to the arm 11 and disposed in the vicinity of. When the shift lever 3 is engaged with one of the recesses 9a and 9b of the guide groove 9 as shown in FIG. 1, the engagement piece 10a of the rod 10 acts on the microswitch MS as shown. At this time, the microswitch MS is in the OFF state, and the solenoid switch SOL is in the ON state.

On the other hand, the arm 11 is connected to the arm 13 of the changeover switch S via a push-pull wire 12. In this changeover switch S, the arm 13 is connected to a vertically standing shaft 14.
The shaft 14 passes through the base 15 and extends below the base 15. On the base 15, the four fixed terminals 1 are fixedly mounted. On the fixed terminals 1, the two movable terminals 2, 2
It is pressed in at.

By the way, members 17 and 18 are inserted through the shaft 14, and the member 1
7 is fitted to rotate integrally with the shaft 14, a member 18 is fitted to the member 17 to rotate integrally, and the movable terminals 2, 2 are held in the member 18. ing. A channel-shaped stopper member 19 is attached to the lower surface of the base 15, and a rotating member 20 attached to the lower end of the shaft 14 is pressed against the stopper member 19. That is, the shaft 14 is constantly urged upward by a spring 21 contracted between the arm 13 and the member 17, and the rotating member 20 integrally connected to the shaft 14 is
Is pressed against the stopper member 19 by the urging force of the spring 21. The stopper member 19 is provided with steps 19a, 19b, 19c and 19d with which the rotating member 20 is to be engaged, as shown in FIG.

 Next, the operation of the present switch device will be described.

For example, when the shift lever 3 is in the reverse position as shown by a solid line in FIG. 1 and the electric vehicle is moving backward when the electric vehicle is moving backward, first, the shift lever 3 is pressed against the elastic force of the spring 6. Then, the shift lever 3 is pushed in the direction of arrow a to release the engagement of the pin 7 penetrating the shift lever 3 with the concave portion 9a. Then, the rod 10 also moves together with the shift lever 3 in the direction of the arrow a shown in the figure, the engaging piece 10a protruding from the rod 10 moves away from the microswitch MS, and the microswitch MS is turned on.
Acts on L and turns it off. Solenoid switch SOL is O
In the FF state, a large current does not flow from the battery B shown in FIG. 6 to the changeover switch S. If the shift lever 3 is rotated in the direction of the arrow b (clockwise) in FIG. The arm 11 rotates in the same direction integrally with the arm,
Arm via push-pull wire 12 connected to 11
13, the shaft 14, the members 17, 18 and the movable terminals 2, 2 are integrally rotated by about 90 ° to change the combination of the contacts between the movable terminals 2, 2 and the fixed terminals 1. After the switching operation, if the hand is released from the shift lever 3, the shift lever 3 is moved upward by the resilience of the spring 6, and at the same time when the pin 7 is engaged with the concave portion 9b, the rod 10 is also moved upward. Engagement piece 10a
Acts on the microswitch MS to turn it off,
The solenoid switch SOL turns ON and the battery B
Then, a large current flows again to the changeover switch S, the speed regulator V, and the motor M, the motor M is reversed, and the electric vehicle is made to move forward.

Next, a modified embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 is a plan view of the changeover switch device according to the modified embodiment, FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. 7, FIG. 9 is a view in the direction of arrow D in FIG. The figure is a view in the direction of arrow E in FIG. 9, and in these figures, the same elements as those described in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In this embodiment, a spring seat is provided above and below the shaft 14.
The cam plate 23 and the cam plate 23 are fitted so as to rotate together, and a torsion spring 24 is interposed between them. One end of the torsion spring 24 is engaged with the spring seat 22, and the other end is engaged with the member 17, respectively. The member 17, the member 18 engaged with the member 17, and the movable terminal 2 held by the member 18. , 2 is torsion spring 2
4 is urged in the direction of arrow c (counterclockwise) in FIG.

Also, a pin protruding downward from the base 15 of the shaft 14
The pin 25 is pressed against a stopper member 19 bonded to the lower surface of the base 15. Note that the stopper member 19 has step portions 19a, 19 for regulating the rotation of the pin 25 and the shaft 14.
b, 19c and 19d are formed.

On the other hand, a micro switch MS is fixed on the base 15, and an actuator 26 of the micro switch MS is engaged with the outer peripheral surface of the cam plate 23.

Thus, in the state shown in the figure, the movable terminals 2, 2 are in the reverse position. To switch to the forward state in this state, first, the shaft 14 is moved in the direction of arrow d in FIG. 7 (the direction of arrow d in FIG. 10). When the micro switch MS is rotated by a very small angle (about 6 °), the spring seat 22 and the cam plate 23 rotate together with the shaft 14 by the same angle, and the actuator 26 is engaged with the cam plate 23 by the micro switch MS. ON, thereby interrupting the flow of a large current from the battery B to the changeover switch S in which the solenoid switch SOL shown in FIG. 6 is turned off. At this time, the torsion spring 24 is unwound and its urging force is gradually reduced, but the members 17, 18 and the movable terminals 2, 2 are still stopped by the urging force of the torsion spring 24.

Thereafter, when the shaft 14 is further rotated in the direction of arrow d in FIG. 7, the urging force of the torsion spring 24 eventually becomes zero, and the members 17, 18 and the movable terminals 2, 2 rotate integrally with the shaft 14. The movable terminals 2, 2 are rotated by about 90 degrees on the fixed terminals 1,..., So that the combination of contact between the movable terminals 2, 2 and the fixed terminals 1,.

During this switching operation, as described above, the micro switch MS is turned on and the solenoid switch SOL is turned off, so that a large current does not flow from the battery B to the changeover switch S side. Similarly, no arc is generated between the movable terminals 2, 2 and the fixed terminals 1,..., And the durability of these terminals 2, 2, 1,.

When the movable terminals 2 and 2 are rotated by about 90 °, the movable terminals 2 and 2 and the members 17 and 18 are rotated by the boss 18a of the member 18.
The notch (not shown) formed on the base 15 is prevented by abutting against a not-shown locking member protruding from the base 15 side, but thereafter, the shaft 14 is brought into contact with the step portions 19b and 19d of the stopper member 19. If it is rotated until it touches, the cam plate
The micro switch MS in which the actuator 26 is engaged with the cam plate 23 is turned off, whereby the solenoid switch SOL is turned on, and a large current flows from the battery B to the motor M ( Then, the motor M is driven to move the electric vehicle forward (see FIG. 6).

(Effects of the Invention) As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the micro switch is turned on and the solenoid switch is turned off before the forward / backward switching operation is performed by rotating the movable terminal of the changeover switch. Since the current flow to the changeover switch is completely interrupted, an arc cannot be generated between the terminals at the time of the forward / reverse switching operation, and the effect of improving the durability of the terminals can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a changeover switch device according to the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a view in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a view taken along III-I in FIG.
Fig. 4 is a view in the direction of arrow B in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 is a view in the direction of arrow C in Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 is a circuit configuration diagram of a forward / reverse switching mechanism of the electric vehicle. FIG. 7 is a plan view of a changeover switch device according to a modified embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-XIII, FIG.
FIG. 10 is a view in the direction of arrow E in FIG. 1 ... fixed terminal, 2 ... movable terminal, 3 ... battery, MS ...
… Micro switch, S… Changeover switch, SOL …… Solenoid switch.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B60L 15/00-15/42 H01H 3/00-7/16 H01H 9/30-9/52 H02J 1 / 00-1/16

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A micro switch and a solenoid switch are added to a changeover switch for switching a current flow direction by rotating a movable terminal while making contact with a fixed terminal by a shift operation to change a combination of the two contacts. The forward / backward changeover switch for an electric vehicle, wherein the solenoid switch is turned off by turning on the microswitch to cut off the flow of current to the changeover switch. A forward / backward changeover switch device for an electric vehicle, wherein the microswitch is turned on before the movable terminal of the changeover switch is rotated by an axial movement of the shift lever for rotating the terminal before the rotation operation. . 2. A micro switch and a solenoid switch are added to a changeover switch for switching a current flow direction by rotating a movable terminal while making contact with a fixed terminal by a shift operation to change a combination of the two contacts, and A forward / backward changeover device for an electric vehicle, wherein the solenoid switch is turned off by turning on the microswitch to cut off a current flow to the changeover switch; The torsion spring is wound around the shaft, and the shaft is rotated until the biasing force of the torsion spring becomes zero so that the movable terminal of the changeover switch is kept in an immobile state. Thereafter, the movable terminal is rotated together with the shaft. At the same time, until the biasing force of the torsion spring becomes zero, Both prior to rotation, reverse changeover switch device before an electric vehicle, characterized by being configured so that allowed to turn ON the micro-switch by the cam plate.