JP2838347B2 - Detergent composition - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a detergent composition used for degreasing and cleaning various metals. For more information,
Excellent degreasing ability for machine oil, grease, wax, and other oils adhering to processed parts such as automobiles, electric machines, electronics, machinery, precision equipment, etc., low toxicity, and washing under heating and repeated distillation at high temperatures. The present invention relates to a non-aqueous detergent composition which is stable even under recovered use conditions.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Degreasing detergents used in various industrial fields are roughly classified into non-aqueous detergents and aqueous detergents. Conventionally used non-aqueous detergents include 1,1,1- Trichloroethane, freon 113, trichloroethylene,
Examples thereof include halogen solvents such as tetrachloroethylene and methylene chloride, petroleum solvents such as gasoline and kerosene, and alcohol solvents such as methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. On the other hand, aqueous cleaning agents include various solvents. acid,
Examples thereof include those containing an alkali, a surfactant and the like.

[0003] These cleaning agents are properly used in various fields, but in particular in a wide variety of cleaning fields, for example, processed parts, precision parts, and stains and rust that are liable to generate a large amount of mineral oils and fats. For degreasing cleaning of metal parts and small parts handled by putting many parts in a washing basket, mainly 1,1,1-trichloroethane, which is non-aqueous and has excellent properties such as high degreasing power and nonflammability Halogen solvents are mainly used.

[0004] Other petroleum solvents and alcohol solvents, etc.
Because it is flammable, it is limited to room temperature immersion cleaning and hand wiping cleaning in a small number of small fields of use.Water-based cleaning agents remove water-soluble stains, and It is used for parts that do not have a high quality, fields where the degree of degreasing and drying properties are not regarded as important.

[0005]

However, in recent years, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and Freon 113, which have been used in large quantities as excellent degreasing detergents due to the close-up of global environmental problems, are in the stratospheric ozone layer. It must be completely eliminated by the end of 1995, and the conversion to other solvents is urgent.

Further, other halogen-based solvents such as trichloroethylene and perchlorethylene also have serious environmental problems such as toxicity and groundwater pollution, and their future is feared.

[0007] Therefore, in addition to petroleum-based solvents, alcohol-based solvents, water-based detergents and the like which have been used in some fields, HCFC- as an alternative detergent candidate such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane is proposed. Various solvents such as hydrochlorofluorocarbons, esters, ketones, terpenes, glycol ethers, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like such as 123 and HCFC-225 have been studied.

[0008] However, these alternative cleaning agent candidates all have major drawbacks, and none of them satisfy all the required items such as detergency, safety, and economy. That is, hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as HCFC-225
Bones can be treated as a non-aqueous nonflammable solvent, but their toxicity has not yet been clarified, and they are additionally specified as ozone-depleting substances, so they cannot be used as alternative cleaning agents in the future. In addition, other non-aqueous solvents such as petroleum solvents and alcohol solvents have a danger of ignition, and in addition, include any problem factors such as degreasing power, stability, toxicity, and odor. I have. Furthermore, although water-based cleaning agents are not flammable, they have low degreasing power and are liable to cause stains and corrosion problems on metal parts. There are many problems, such as the need.

Among the above solvents, there are many proposals to improve the degreasing power and safety by using a surfactant, water and the like in combination, but in this case, rinsing with water is necessary. It is generally treated as a semi-aqueous detergent and contains the same problems as an aqueous detergent.

As described above, although each of the alternative cleaning agent candidates has various problems, there is no prospect that a desirable alternative product will be developed in the near future, and it is difficult to immediately switch to any of the alternative cleaning agent candidates. Is in a situation where you cannot get it.

The cleaning step is extremely important because it affects the quality and life of the final product to be cleaned.
Since 1,1,1-trichloroethane is widely used for cleaning metal parts and the like in small and medium-sized enterprises, water-based cleaning agents that involve a large investment in equipment, including expansion of the cleaning process and wastewater treatment equipment, are often avoided. It is.

[0012] Therefore, attention has been paid to non-aqueous cleaning agents that are not corrosive in nature, and cleaning devices for various flammable solvents have been proposed.

Among these washing machines, there are special systems such as a steam washing system using a low boiling point alcohol in water, but most of them are second petroleum having a flash point of 21.degree.
It is intended for high-boiling solvents such as third petroleum oils having a temperature of not less than ° C. Washing is mainly immersion washing, and natural drying is difficult. For this reason, hot air drying or vacuum drying is used.

Therefore, it is desired that the solvent used has excellent degreasing power, low toxicity, high flash point, high safety, and good drying property.

Further, metal parts to which a large amount of oil adheres,
Under the condition where precision parts and many parts are put in a washing basket and washed, conventional immersion washing at room temperature, such as the field where flammable solvents such as petroleum solvents have been used, cannot be degreased. Cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning, shower cleaning, and the like are required.

Further, the combustible solvent is required to minimize the liquid volume of the washing tank as much as possible due to restrictions on the designated quantity of dangerous substances and safety issues. As a result, sufficient liquid volume cannot be obtained for the amount of oil brought in, and frequent liquid exchange is required.In consideration of work efficiency and economics, distillation for forcibly removing oil mixed in the washing liquid is performed. Recovery is essential.

Attempts have been made to recover these solvents by distillation under reduced pressure because of the problems of flammability and high boiling point.
It is necessary to heat to about 100 to 150 ° C., and if used continuously under such conditions, the solvent which was originally considered to be stable will deteriorate and the acid content will rise, and the cleaning equipment and the cleaning object It has been found to cause corrosion problems.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and provides a machine oil, a grease and the like which adhere to metal processing parts and the like.
Provide a non-aqueous detergent composition that has excellent degreasing ability against oils such as oils and waxes, has low toxicity and high safety, and is stable under use conditions in which it is heated and washed and repeatedly distilled and recovered at high temperatures. The purpose is to do so.

[0019]

Under these circumstances, the present inventors have conducted various studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found a desired detergent composition to complete the present invention. It has been reached. That is, the present invention is a detergent composition comprising a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 10 to 13 carbon atoms containing phenols.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

The hydrocarbon used in the present invention needs to be a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon. Other hydrocarbons such as unsaturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons have problems such as stability, toxicity, and odor.On the other hand, petroleum-based solvents such as kerosene, which are conventionally known, also have weak degreasing power. In addition, there is a problem in liquid drainage and drying properties, and stains are easily generated, which is not preferable.

The saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon used is:
It is necessary that the number of carbon atoms is 10 to 13. Carbon number 9
In the following cases, the flash point is 40 ° C or less and there is a high risk of ignition during use. In the case of carbon number 14 or more, the boiling point is 250 ° C.
As a result, the separability from oils and fats and the drying property deteriorate, and a good cleaning effect cannot be obtained.

The saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 10 to 13 carbon atoms is not particularly limited.
n-decane, isodecane, n-undecane, isoundecane, n-dodecane, isododecane, n-tridecane,
Isotridecane and the like.

The phenol used in the present invention is a component necessary for preventing the deterioration of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon during heating, contamination, distillation and recovery at the time of high temperature use, and does not adversely affect the solvent. Those that do not affect the surface of the object to be cleaned such as stains after drying are selected.

Such phenols are not particularly restricted but include, for example, 2,6-di-t-butyl-
Examples include p-cresol, thymol, pyrocatechin, 4-methoxyphenol, n-propyl gallate, 2-t-butylhydroquinone, and the like.

The addition amount of these phenols varies depending on the use conditions and the like, and can be varied over a wide range. However, in consideration of stability, detergency, economy and the like, the detergent composition of the present invention is used. On the other hand, the content is preferably about 0.0005 to 5% by weight.

The cleaning composition of the present invention may contain other hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, ethers, surfactants, rust inhibitors and the like. In order to ensure high detergency, safety and stability, etc., the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 10 to 13 carbon atoms used in the present invention is 5
The content is preferably 0% or more, and more preferably 80% or more.

These saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons have a degreasing and cleaning effect even with a single component, and can be used under conditions in which they are disposable at a temperature of 50 ° C. or less for a short period of time. Under the conditions of use at higher temperatures and in the use conditions of repeated distillation and recovery for use as an alternative cleaning agent such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane, etc., the purpose of the present invention is to accumulate the generated acid components due to deterioration of the liquid. However, it is not preferable because it causes a problem of corrosion of the object to be cleaned and the cleaning device.

That is, the use of a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 10 to 13 carbon atoms in combination with phenols provides a cleaning composition having high degreasing power and excellent stability for the first time.

The method of performing degreasing cleaning of metal parts and the like using the cleaning composition of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, immersion cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning, warming cleaning, shower cleaning, etc. An effective cleaning method includes, for example, a method in which hot air or vacuum drying is performed, and the cleaning solution is used intermittently or continuously while being distilled and recovered, and the like.

[0031]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, but it should not be construed that the invention is limited thereto.

Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 SUS pipes (1 mm
φ × 60 mmL) was horizontally immersed in a beaker which was charged with 500 ml of each of the cleaning compositions (Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8) shown in Table 1 and kept at 25 ° C. . After 40 minutes, the SUS pipe was pulled up, the removal rate of machine oil in the SUS pipe was measured, and the degreasing power was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 1. As a result, it can be seen that a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon alone or a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon containing phenols has excellent degreasing power.

(Evaluation Criteria) The evaluation of the removal rate of machine oil is shown as follows.

◎: 90% or more ；: 70 to 89% Δ; 50 to 69% Δ; 30 to 49% ×; 29% or less

[0035]

[Table 1]

Examples 11 to 25, Comparative Examples 9 to 13 30 ml of each of the detergent compositions (Examples 11 to 25 and Comparative Examples 9 to 13) shown in Table 2 were placed in 100 ml test tubes equipped with a reflux condenser. And mild steel specimen (3 × 13 × 65m
m) One was put and heated in an oil bath at 150 ° C. in an air atmosphere. After a lapse of 50 hours, the test piece was taken out, the corrosion state was observed according to the following evaluation criteria, and the generated acid content in the cleaning agent was measured at the same time. The results are shown in Table 2.
As a result, it can be seen that a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon alone causes a corrosion problem, whereas a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon containing phenols is less corrosive.

(Evaluation Criteria) The evaluation of the corrosion state of the test piece is shown as follows.

A: No change B: Slight discoloration B: Corrosion

[0039]

[Table 2]

[0040]

As described in detail above, the detergent composition of the present invention has excellent dissolving power of fats and oils, high safety,
Since it has no effect on environmental pollution, and has the effect of being stable and capable of repeated distillation and recovery, it is advantageously used as a degreasing detergent for various metal processing parts in fields where halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, etc. have been mainly used. You can do it.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-3-146597 (JP, A) JP-A-4-122479 (JP, A) JP-A-3-62896 (JP, A) JP-A-4- 68096 (JP, A) JP-A-56-30500 (JP, A) JP-A-3-173835 (JP, A) Saruwatari, Nishino, Tabata "Antioxidant Handbook" Taiseisha (51.10.25, 1977, first edition) ) p. 8-17 (especially p. 15), p. 37-39 (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) C11D 1/00-19/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A detergent composition comprising a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 10 to 13 carbon atoms and a phenol.