JP2828368B2 - Skylight structure - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a skylight structure which is installed on a rooftop of a building, illuminates a room by receiving sunlight.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Since ancient times, skylights have been widely installed on roofs and roofs of various buildings, and have been used as effective lighting devices.
This is because of its simple structure, low cost, few failures, and much higher lighting efficiency than the side window. However, since the skylight itself does not have a light refraction function, the lighting condition changes significantly with the change in the sun's irradiation angle depending on the season and time, but it cannot be kept in a good condition throughout the year. However, in winter, the sun tends to fall southward, which significantly reduces the daylighting function.

[0003] For this reason, various devices for improving the lighting efficiency have been proposed. Looking at these contents, it is a sun tracking type. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-248003
No.) A type that focuses light on a small area using various types of Fresnel lenses. (No. 57-54101) A type that captures light from a wide range of angles of incidence.
(Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-5671) A type in which a large number of condenser lenses are arranged and one of them is made to function to take in sunlight. (JP-A-3-58601
Number).

[0004]

In the above-mentioned conventional apparatus, the light-collecting efficiency is good, but a sun-tracking mechanism is required, and there is a problem that the apparatus is complicated and expensive. Alternatively, it is considered that the light-collecting efficiency is low, and the light-collecting efficiency is also considered to be low because any one of the many light-collecting lenses is used. Furthermore, there is a problem that sunlight is condensed by a lens, which causes a fire.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and aims to realize a skylight structure which can maintain high daylighting performance at all times of the year and throughout the year, is simple, inexpensive, has few failures, and is free from fire.

[0006]

In the skylight structure of the present invention, a prism sheet formed by arranging a large number of prisms extending in one direction is arranged on the skylight such that the longitudinal directions of the prisms are oriented substantially in the east-west direction. arranged to, and rotatably mounted to the prism sheet east-west direction axis, characterized in that the adjustable angle of incidence and exit angle of the north-south direction to the sun of the sheet.

[0007] In addition, a plurality of the prism sheets are arranged so that they can be used alone or in combination. Further, in addition to this, it has a rectangular light well that is long in the east-west direction. In addition, at least one of the prism sheet, the cover plate that covers the skylight, and the support plate that supports the prism sheet has a slight light scattering or mixing function. In addition,
Pris consisting of many parallel prisms extending in one direction
And the prism is oriented almost east-west.
In the skylight structure arranged on the skylight so as to face, the prism sheet is shaped so as to protrude outward. By adopting this configuration, it is possible to obtain a skylight structure in which the daylighting performance can be kept high at all times of the year and throughout the year, and which is simple, inexpensive, has few failures, and is free from fire.

[0008]

According to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a prism sheet 1 is used for a skylight, and the prism 2 is disposed with the longitudinal direction of the prism oriented in the east-west direction and the sheet surface is tilted to the south, so that the sun 2 Sunlight 3 can be bent directly downward, and a large amount of sunlight can be sent into the room.

The prism sheet used here is a linear Fresnel lens whose one surface has the same cross section, that is, a sheet-like material in which a large number of triangular prisms extending in one direction are arranged in parallel. Also, since the trajectory of the sun as viewed from the ground can be considered to be roughly on a plane, the bending angle θ (θ = 90 ° -sun altitude in the south) corresponding to the inclination angle of that plane is one to several. It can be generated with a single prism sheet.

Generally, the bending angle of a light beam on a prism sheet changes depending on the angle of incidence on the sheet.
For example, in the case of an MMA (methyl methacrylate) single-sided flat, single-sided 45 degree prism as shown in FIG. 4, when the incident angle is 5, 10, 20, 30 degrees as shown in FIG. The corners are 43, 33, 2 respectively
It changes to 7,25 degrees. By utilizing this phenomenon, even a single prism sheet can realize various bending angles depending on the incident angle.

However, if an attempt is made to obtain an excessively large bending angle with a single prism sheet, the interface transmittance is extremely low as in the case of the exit surface (second surface) with an incident angle of 5 degrees shown in FIG. The setting range of the incident angle and the outgoing angle must be carefully selected, since it becomes inconvenient because the reflectivity becomes large.

[0012]

FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a skylight portion 6 having a transparent dome 5 is provided on the roof of a three-story building 4, a light well 7 is provided downward from the skylight portion 6, and a skylight portion is provided. 6, two prism sheets 1a and 1b are rotatably provided via bearings 8 and 8 '. Reference numeral 9 denotes a commonly used light diffusion plate.

The dome 5 is a connected large-sized daylighting dome (trade name: Acrydome, FL130 type, handled by Ryoko Co., Ltd.) and has a total length of about 30 m. The size of the light well 7 was a rectangle having a length of 1 m from north to south and a length of 30 m from east to west. Also, the prism sheets 1a,
1b is a medium having a thickness of 1.2 mm and a width of 1 m, both of which are 3 mm thick.
A single-sided flat, single-sided prism type formed by press-forming an MA (methyl methacrylate) plate (appropriate means such as pressing, casting, and 2P method can be used in addition to pressing). One prism sheet 1a is shown in FIG. 30 as shown
Having a prism surface inclined at an angle, the other prism 1b
4 has a prism surface inclined at 45 degrees as shown in FIG. 4, both of the prisms have a pitch of 0.2 mm, and the inclination angle of the non-lens surface is 5 degrees. Each of these was arranged such that the lengthwise direction of the prism was oriented in the east-west direction in 30 pieces each.

The present embodiment configured as described above is used as follows. The position of the sun throughout the year in the Tokyo region can be known because it is published every year in the science chronology of the Tokyo Observatory, but it is similar every year. The trajectory of the sun in Tokyo (35 ° 45 ′ north) was obtained from the table, and is shown in FIGS. Figure 5 shows the winter solstice,
6 shows the case of the spring equinox or the autumn equinox, and FIG. 7 shows the case of the summer solstice. FIG. 6A shows the trajectory of the sun, and FIG.

FIGS. 8 to 12 show the results obtained by dividing the usage of the two prism sheets into five patterns on the premise of the sun altitude and performing a case work corresponding to each season. The date corresponding to each figure is shown in the figure. If this position is set on this date, the sunlight will be sent directly below. That is, if the operation is performed about once a month, sunlight is sent directly below the day and gradually shifts until the next resetting, but the inclination is about 10 degrees at the maximum.

It should be noted here that the second prism B receives light as a substantially vertical surface even when the solar altitude is low (that is, when light is most desired), as on January 20 or November 20 in FIG. Therefore, a substantial daylighting area becomes large, and a large amount of daylighting becomes possible.

In this embodiment, the prism sheet is 2
Although the number of sheets was used, the number of types can be further increased, and by finely controlling the operation, the sunlight can be sent more directly downward. The prism sheet is of a single-sided flat type, but a prism sheet having prisms on both sides can also be used.

Further, in this embodiment, the prism sheet is used in the north-south direction and good light-collecting performance is obtained by using the light well extending in the east-west direction. Of course, the prism sheet is used in the east-west direction. Can also. In the case of a skylight with a large area, a huge prism sheet is expensive, so it is preferable to use several lens sheets connected in parallel or in series, or a combination of parallel and series.

The rotation control of the lens sheet is not limited to a manual method, but may be a power method using a motor such as a solar cell or a battery.

When a conventional condenser lens, mirror or the like is used, there is a danger of fire due to overheating or high-temperature light hitting a flammable object. In this embodiment, the light is not condensed at all, and the optical path is simply bent using the prism sheet.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. This embodiment uses the same building as the first embodiment shown in FIG.
The prism sheets 1a and 1b use the same prism sheet inclined at 30 degrees, and the rest is the same as the first embodiment. In the present embodiment configured as described above, sunlight can be sent substantially directly below year-round by selecting between passing two prism sheets or one prism sheet and adjusting the angle of incidence.

FIG. 13 shows the same 30-degree prism as that shown in FIG. FIGS. 14 to 18 show the results of studying the arrangement of the prisms according to the solar altitude based on the relationship between the incident angle and the bending angle of the prism. From these figures, it can be seen that the sunlight can be sent substantially directly downward by an operation about once a month throughout the year.

According to this embodiment, there are two points superior to the previous embodiment. First, both prism sheets have the same cross section with the inclination angle of the prism being 30 degrees, and it is only necessary to make one molding die, so that the initial investment can be reduced. Second, the increase in daylighting area is more remarkable than in the first embodiment, and it is possible to guide a larger amount of sunlight to the indoor space.
The specific effect is that the lighting efficiency is 79% vs. 100% in the comparison between FIGS. 8 and 14, 84% vs. 98% in the comparison between FIGS. 9 and 15, and 85% vs. 98% in the comparison between FIG. 10 and FIG. 82% Compared to FIG. 11 and FIG. 17, the ratio is 83% to 100%, which is a characteristic that is particularly advantageous in winter when sunlight is desired.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment is an example of a small, simple type for home use.
Only one prism sheet is used. In midsummer, straight light is taken in without passing through the prism sheet. As shown in the figure, a two-story house 10 has a skylight 6, a prism sheet 1, and a light well. 7 are provided. The light well 7 has a square cross section of 1 m in both east and west and north and south. The inner wall of the light well 7 is all polished with a mirror-polished polished stainless steel plate. The skylight 6 is made of a transparent methacrylic resin, and the prism sheet 1 is provided directly below the skylight 6. The prism sheet 1 is a 65 degree prism made of methacrylic resin whose cross section and optical path diagram is shown in FIG.
A cm × 70 cm north-south × 3 mm thick, prism pitch of 0.2 mm is rotatably mounted so that the tilt angle can be set as shown in FIG. 21 to FIG. 28. It can be displayed and adjusted manually while checking the scale.

The present embodiment configured as described above has the first,
Compared to the second embodiment, there remains a season in which light exiting the prism sheet does not necessarily exit directly below. Because there is no length in the east-west direction, it is difficult to secure daylight efficiency when the sun is tilted east or west as in morning and evening. In each case, the inner wall of the light well is a mirror surface of stainless steel and has excellent reflectivity, so sunlight runs obliquely, and even if it is reflected many times, there is relatively little loss and light reaches the first floor I do. That is, the high reflectivity of the light well can cover the above-mentioned weak point to some extent. Further, the prism sheet is made slightly smaller than the size of the light well by the same mechanism so that scattered light and straight-ahead light enter the light well from the gap around the prism sheet and are guided to the first floor.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The present embodiment is an example of a prism sheet that can be used for any of the buildings of the first to third embodiments. The prism sheet is formed into a convex shape outward, and any part of the prism sheet is formed throughout the year. The structure is such that sunlight incident on the light is emitted almost directly below. The prism sheet 1 is a 65 degree prism made of methacrylic resin.
It is 105 cm north to south, 3 mm thick, and has a prism pitch of 0.2 mm. This prism sheet 1 is bent at a width of 15 cm in the longitudinal direction (east-west direction) of the prism and shaped so as to have an outward convex shape.
To form individual surfaces. Such a prism sheet 1 is provided with a transparent portion as shown in FIG. 29 to provide a skylight (not shown).
Is provided immediately below.

In the present embodiment configured as described above, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 9, for sunlight incident at various angles,
Any part of the prism sheet 1 can emit light almost directly downward, and the sunlight can be emitted almost directly downward throughout the year without adjusting the north-south incidence and emission angles of the sunlight on the sheet. Things. In the present embodiment, when forming the prism sheet 1 in a convex shape outward, one prism sheet that is divided in the longitudinal direction may be joined, or a sheet having a different prism shape may be used. You may combine and join.

Further, in each of the above embodiments, a slight light scattering or mixing function is imparted to either the prism sheet 1 or the cover plate (dome 5) or the support plate made of an acrylic plate or a glass plate for supporting the prism sheet. (Mixing light diffusing agent or forming uneven pattern on the surface)
As a result, spectral and rainbow phenomena can be suppressed. Also, the prism sheet used in the example may condense when curved in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the prism,
Light collection can be prevented by making the prism surface slightly curved.

[0029]

According to the present invention, by setting the prism angle of the prism sheet and variously selecting the incident angle, a beam bending angle corresponding to the solar altitude is given, and high lighting performance can be secured throughout the year. A simple, inexpensive device structure with few failures can be obtained. Since there is no light collection system, there is no worry about fire. And the like, and greatly contributes to the improvement of the lighting performance of the skylight.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a prism sheet used in a first embodiment of the present invention and an optical path thereof.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a prism sheet used in the first embodiment of the present invention and an optical path thereof.

5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating the trajectory of the sun at the winter solstice at a latitude of 35 ° 45 ′ north, where FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating the trajectory of the sun and FIG. .

6A and 6B are diagrams showing the trajectory of the sun at the time of the spring equinox or the autumn equinox at 35 ° 45 'north latitude, where FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state of sunlight incident on a building during the middle of the sun.

7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating the trajectory of the sun at the summer solstice at a latitude of 35 ° 45 ′ north, where FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating the trajectory of the sun and FIG. .

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a prism sheet used in a second embodiment of the present invention and an optical path thereof.

FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a view for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a view for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a view for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a prism sheet used in a third embodiment of the present invention and an optical path thereof.

FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a view for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a view for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a view for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a view for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a view for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a view for explaining the operation of the prism sheet according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Description of Signs] 1, 1a, 1b: Prism sheet 2: Sun 3: Nikko 4: Building 5, Dome 6: Skylight 7: Mitsui place 10: Residence

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-60-149005 (JP, U) JP-A-1-122117 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E04D 13 / 03

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] The method according to claim 1 prism sheet formed in parallel a large number of long extending prism in one direction, the longitudinal direction of the prism is disposed in the skylight so as to face substantially the east-west direction, and the prism
The seat around the east-west direction,
Adjustable north-south incidence and exit angles of light to the sheet
Skylight structure characterized by the ability to function . 2. The skylight structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said prism sheets are arranged so that they can be used alone or in combination. 3. The skylight structure according to claim 1, further comprising a rectangular light well extending substantially in the east-west direction. 4. The skylight structure according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the prism sheet, the cover plate covering the skylight, and the support plate supporting the prism sheet has a slight light scattering or mixing function. 5. A large number of prisms extending in one direction are arranged in parallel.
The prism sheet made of
Skylight structure that is arranged on the skylight so that it faces almost east and west
In the above, the prism sheet is shaped so as to protrude outward.
Skylight structures characterized in that is.