JP2819281B2 - burner - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a burner suitable for use in, for example, a melting furnace, an incinerator, a metal furnace, a chemical reaction furnace and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As this type of burner, there are a combustion burner, a plasma burner, and the like. Combustion burners pressurize air and mix it with fuel for combustion.
Such a combustion burner uses kerosene or heavy oil as a fuel, and its flame temperature is 1600 to 1 at the maximum.
700 ° C. When a higher temperature is required, the air is preheated or oxygen is added to the air to reduce the amount of exhaust gas to obtain a higher temperature.

[0003] On the other hand, a plasma burner known as a burner for obtaining a high temperature obtains a high temperature by injecting air, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, helium or the like as a working gas from a plasma generating means comprising a discharge electrode. .

[0004]

However, when air is preheated by a conventional combustion burner in order to increase the flame temperature, a heat exchanger is required for preheating the air. There is a problem that the condition for utilizing the exhaust heat and the cost of the heat exchanger are required, so that it cannot be easily performed.

On the other hand, when oxygen is added in order to increase the flame temperature, it is necessary to purchase an oxygen generator or oxygen, which also has a problem that it cannot be performed easily as in the case described above.

In the case of a plasma burner, the gas used is a valuable gas except for air, and there is a problem that a large amount of electric power is required.

An object of the present invention is to provide a burner which can easily raise the temperature of a combustion flame without preheating air or adding oxygen.

[0008]

According to the present invention, there is provided a burner comprising: a mixing cylinder forming a mixing chamber; and an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder connected to the mixing cylinder on the inlet side of the mixing chamber. An air supply unit having a structure, plasma generation means arranged in the inner cylinder to convert the air flow flowing in the inner cylinder into plasma to generate a plasma flow, and a spiral between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. Swirling vanes arranged in a shape and encircling and converging the plasma flow with an air flow flowing between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder as a swirling flow, and the plasma flow in the mixing chamber provided through the mixing cylinder. A fuel injection nozzle for injecting fuel around and mixing with the swirling flow, a combustion cylinder connected to the mixing cylinder at an outlet side of the mixing chamber to form a combustion chamber, and penetrating the combustion cylinder. And a spark plug provided by To.

In such a burner, air is supplied into the mixing chamber from an air supply section having a double structure. The air flow that has entered the inner cylinder is converted into plasma by the plasma generating means in the inner cylinder, becomes a plasma flow, and enters the mixing chamber. The air passing between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder is swirled by the swirling blades, enters the mixing chamber, and wraps and converges the plasma flow. Into the mixing chamber, fuel is injected from the fuel injection nozzle around the plasma flow and mixed with the swirling flow.

[0010] The obtained mixed flow of the swirling flow and the fuel is ignited by an ignition plug in the combustion cylinder and burns, and a combustion flame is obtained. This combustion flame is converged in a tornado shape without being diffused by the swirling flow. When the combustion flame is converged in this way, a combustion flame having a higher temperature than a normal combustion burner is obtained. Due to the high-temperature combustion flame, the internal plasma flow becomes flame plasma, so that a higher temperature is obtained and the ion density is increased. Therefore, according to the present invention, the temperature of the combustion flame can be easily increased without preheating the air or adding oxygen.

Further, in the present invention, it is preferable to arrange a plurality of magnets on the outer periphery of the combustion cylinder such that the same pole exists around the combustion chamber.

In this manner, the flame in the combustion cylinder, which has been turned into a plasma and is in an ion state, is subjected to magnetic operations such as a magnetic mirror and a drift effect, so that the flame is further converged and becomes higher in temperature. In this case, if a cooling passage is provided in each magnet arranged around the combustion cylinder that becomes hot,
Each magnet can be protected from high temperatures.

[0013]

1 to 3 show a first example of an embodiment of a burner according to the present invention.

The burner of this embodiment has a mixing cylinder 2 forming a mixing chamber 1 as shown in FIG. This mixing cylinder 2
A cylindrical portion 2b having a flange portion 2a at a base end;
A stepped portion 2c continuously provided at the tip of the
The tapered tubular portion 2d is provided on the outer periphery of the tapered cylindrical portion 2c and has an inner diameter gradually reduced from the inlet side to the outlet side, and a flange portion 2e provided on the outer periphery of the distal end of the tapered tubular portion 2d. .

At the inlet side of the mixing chamber 1, an outer cylinder 3
And an air supply unit 5 having a double structure including an inner cylinder 4. Pressurized air is supplied to the air supply unit 5 from the outside. The outer cylinder 3 has flange portions 3a and 3b at both ends, and the flange portion 3b is
Are overlapped and connected to the flange portion 2a.

In the inner cylinder 4, there is provided a plasma generating means 6 for converting an air flow flowing in the inner cylinder 4 into a plasma to generate a plasma flow. This plasma generating means 6
As shown in FIG. 2, an annular insulating support 7 is attached along the inner circumference of the inner cylinder 4, and a plurality of rod-shaped electrodes 8 are penetrated and supported on the insulating support 7. Is used as an anode, and the inner cylinder 4 is used as a cathode.
By applying a high voltage of 00 to 20000 V, the airflow flowing in the inner cylinder 4 is turned into plasma.

In the plasma generating means 6 of this embodiment, the electrode 8 is used as an anode and the inner tube 4 is used as a cathode. However, the inner tube 4 may be used as an anode and the electrode 8 may be used as a cathode.

As shown in FIG. 1, stainless steel swirling blades 9 are spirally arranged between the outer cylinder 3 and the inner cylinder 4, and air flowing between the outer cylinder 3 and the inner cylinder 4 is provided. The current is swirled to wrap and converge the plasma flow. The inner cylinder 4 is supported by the outer cylinder 3 by the turning blade 9.

A plurality of fuel injection nozzles 10 for injecting fuel around the plasma flow in the mixing chamber 1 and mixing it into a swirling flow are provided through the enlarged diameter step 2c of the mixing cylinder 2. As shown in FIG. 3, when the compressed air of 10 to ²⁰ kg / cm ² flows through the air passage 11 as primary air, the fuel injection nozzle 10 causes the junction 13 with the fuel passage 12 to have a negative pressure due to the dynamic pressure. Then, the fuel is sucked and atomized, and a mixed flow of fuel and air is injected from the throat 14 to the outside of the nozzle tube 15.

At the outlet side of the mixing chamber 1, a combustion cylinder 16 is connected to a flange 2e of the mixing cylinder 2 via a flange 16a, and a cylindrical combustion chamber 17 is formed inside. The other end of the combustion tube 16 is also provided with a flange portion 16b.
A plurality of ignition plugs 18 are connected to such a combustion cylinder 16 through the combustion cylinder 16.

A cooling jacket outer wall 24 is provided concentrically on the outer periphery of the combustion tube 16. Both ends of the cooling jacket outer wall 24 are connected to the flange portion 16 of the combustion tube 16.
a, 16b, and a cooling chamber 25 is formed between the combustion tube 16 and the outer wall 24 of the cooling jacket. Cooling water is supplied into the cooling chamber 25 from a water supply port 24b provided on the cooling jacket outer wall 24, and is drained from a drain port 24a provided on the cooling jacket outer wall 24. At the location of the spark plug 18, an isolation cylinder 26 is provided so as to isolate it from the cooling water.

In such a burner, pressurized air is supplied into the mixing chamber 1 from the air supply section 5 having a double structure.
The air flow that has entered the inner cylinder 4 is turned into plasma by the plasma generating means 6 in the inner cylinder 4 and enters the mixing chamber 1 as a plasma flow. The air passing between the outer cylinder 3 and the inner cylinder 4 enters the mixing chamber 1 as a swirling flow by the swirling blades 9 to wrap and converge the plasma flow.

In the mixing chamber 1, a plurality of fuel injection nozzles 1
From 0 fuel is injected around the plasma flow and mixed with the swirling flow. The obtained mixed flow of the swirling flow and the fuel is ignited by the ignition plug 18 in the combustion tube 16 and burns, so that a combustion flame is obtained. This combustion flame is converged in a tornado shape without being diffused by the swirling flow. When the combustion flame is converged in this way, a combustion flame having a higher temperature than a normal combustion burner is obtained. Due to the high-temperature combustion flame, the internal plasma flow becomes flame plasma, so that a higher temperature is obtained and the ion density is increased. Therefore, according to the present invention, the temperature of the combustion flame can be easily increased without preheating the air or adding oxygen.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of the burner according to the present invention. In addition,
Parts corresponding to those of the above-described first example are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In the burner of this embodiment, four electromagnets 19 arranged at 90 ° intervals on the outer periphery of the combustion cylinder 16 so that the same pole (N pole in this embodiment) is present around the combustion chamber 17. It has. These electromagnets 19 are provided in the cooling chamber 2.
5 is provided on the outer periphery of the combustion cylinder 16. Each electromagnet 19 provided on the outer periphery of the combustion tube 16 is
5, the coils 21 are wound in the same direction as shown in FIG. 5, and the respective coils 21 are connected in series so that an exciting current is supplied from a DC power supply 22.

A cooling passage 23 for flowing cooling water is formed in an iron core 20 of each electromagnet 19, and an opening 23 a of the cooling passage 23 provided in the iron core 20 opens into a cooling chamber 25, and the opening 23 a Cooling water is supplied into the cooling chamber 25 from 23a.

By arranging a plurality of electromagnets 19 around the combustion cylinder 16 in such a manner that the same polarity exists, the flame in the combustion cylinder 16 which is in the ionized state by the magnetic mirror, the drift The magnetic operation such as the effect is added, and the flame is further converged and becomes higher in temperature than the first example.

FIGS. 6 and 7 are explanatory views showing the action of the electromagnet 19 on the flame in the combustion tube 16. In the case where the N pole of each electromagnet 19 exists around the combustion tube 16 as shown in FIG. Assuming that the flame is flowing from the front side to the back side of the drawing, a vortex flow of the flame is generated as shown in FIG.
That is, vortices are generated counterclockwise around the inside of the combustion cylinder 16, and clockwise vortices are generated at the center by the action of these vortices. Also,
By reversing the polarity of the electromagnet 19, as shown in FIG.
When the S pole of each electromagnet 19 is provided around 6, the vortex is generated clockwise around the inside of the combustion cylinder 16, and the vortex acts counterclockwise at the center. The flame is converged by the action of the vortex generated in the combustion cylinder 16.

In this embodiment, since the electromagnet 19 is used as the magnet, the convergence of the flame plasma can be adjusted by adjusting the exciting current, and the temperature of the flame plasma can also be adjusted. Further, when a cooling passage 23 is provided in each electromagnet 19 disposed around the combustion cylinder 16 which becomes high in temperature, and a cooling jacket outer wall 24 is disposed around the combustion cylinder 16 and cooled by cooling water, each electromagnet 19 is cooled. Can be protected from high temperatures. In particular, when the cooling passage 23 is provided in the iron core 19, the iron core 19 can be efficiently cooled.

According to such a burner, according to experiments, one ton of ash could be melted with 100 liters of kerosene as fuel and an excitation power of 80 kWHr in this example. When this is converted to energy intensity, fuel becomes 84
000 kcal, electric power 68,800 kcal, total 90
It is 8,800 kcal. In the case of a conventional plasma burner, the energy consumption of ash melting is about 1000 kWHr per ton of ash, that is, 860,000 kcal.

Compared to this, the burner of the present invention is slightly more in terms of calorific value.
When the burner of the present invention is used under the condition that the liter is 40 yen and the electric power is 1 kWHr20 yen, the amount of kerosene is 4,000 per ton of ash
It costs 5,600 yen for 0 yen and 1,600 yen for electricity.
In the case of a conventional plasma burner, the cost is 20,000 yen per ton of ash, and it is more economical to use the burner of the present invention.

The burner of the present invention can be used as an auxiliary burner in an incinerator. According to the burner of the present invention, a high temperature plasma flame can be easily applied to the incineration of disposable diapers for medical waste and the incineration of sludge, which were difficult to incinerate or required a large amount of auxiliary fuel in conventional incinerators. Thus, the ash can be burnt off and incinerated, and the ash can be discharged in a molten state.

Also, for incineration of infectious waste such as infusion bottles and syringes, the burner of the present invention is used to completely sterilize and incinerate at high temperature, and to discharge glass and injection needles as high-temperature molten slag. Can be very sanitary. Further, the burner of the present invention emits a high temperature, but has a low NOx, and the NO at an air ratio of 1.6 to 1.5.
x is 10 to 20 ppm, which is much lower than NOx around 100 ppm found in general kerosene burners.

In the above-described example, the electromagnet is arranged around the combustion cylinder. Alternatively, a permanent magnet may be arranged with the same polarity.

Hereinafter, constituent elements of some of the plurality of inventions described in this specification will be described.

(I) an air supply unit having a double structure comprising a mixing cylinder forming a mixing chamber, an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder connected to the mixing cylinder on the inlet side of the mixing chamber; Plasma generating means for generating a plasma flow by converting an air flow flowing through the inner cylinder into a plasma to generate a plasma flow; and helically disposed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder and A swirling vane that wraps and converges the plasma flow as a swirling airflow that flows between the cylinders, and the swirling blade that is provided through the mixing cylinder and ejects fuel around the plasma flow in the mixing chamber. A plurality of fuel injection nozzles to be mixed with the flow, a combustion cylinder connected to the mixing cylinder at the outlet side of the mixing chamber to form a combustion chamber, and an ignition plug provided through the combustion cylinder. A burner, comprising:

(II) The burner according to (I), wherein the inside diameter of the mixing chamber gradually decreases from the inlet side to the outlet side.

(III) The plasma generating means includes an annular insulating support supported along the inner circumference of the inner cylinder, and a plurality of rod-shaped electrodes supported through the insulating support.
(I) or (II), wherein these electrodes are electrodes of one polarity and the inner cylinder is an electrode of the other polarity, and a high voltage is applied between these electrodes. Burner as described.

(IV) a double-structure air supply section comprising a mixing cylinder forming a mixing chamber, an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder connected to the mixing cylinder on the inlet side of the mixing chamber; Plasma generating means for generating a plasma flow by converting an air flow flowing through the inner cylinder into a plasma to generate a plasma flow; and helically disposed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder and A swirling vane that wraps and converges the plasma flow as a swirling airflow that flows between the cylinders, and the swirling blade that is provided through the mixing cylinder and ejects fuel around the plasma flow in the mixing chamber. A plurality of fuel injection nozzles to be mixed into the flow, a combustion cylinder connected to the mixing cylinder at the outlet side of the mixing chamber to form a combustion chamber, and a spark plug provided through the combustion cylinder, The same pole is present around the combustion chamber so that the fuel Burner, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of magnets arranged on the outer periphery of the cylindrical.

(V) The burner according to (IV), wherein the mixing chamber has a shape whose inner diameter gradually decreases from the inlet side to the outlet side.

(VI) The plasma generating means comprises an annular insulating support supported along the inner circumference of the inner cylinder, and a plurality of rod-shaped electrodes supported through the insulating support. The electrode according to (IV) or (V), wherein the electrodes are electrodes of one polarity, and the inner cylinder is an electrode of the other polarity, and a high voltage is applied between the electrodes. Burner.

(VII) The burner according to (IV), (V) or (VI), wherein a cooling passage is formed in each of the magnets.

(V III) A cooling passage is formed in each of the magnets, and a cooling jacket is provided concentrically around the outer periphery of the combustion cylinder, and a cooling chamber is provided between the combustion cylinder and the outer wall of the cooling jacket. Cooling water is supplied to the cooling chamber from the opening of the cooling passage,
The burner according to (IV), (V) or (VI), wherein a drain port is provided on an outer wall of the cooling jacket.

[0044]

In the burner according to the present invention, the air flow is passed through the inner cylinder of the air supply unit having a double structure having the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and the air flow is converted into plasma by the plasma generating means in the inner cylinder. Since the air passing between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder is swirled by the swirling blades and is then introduced into the mixing chamber as a plasma stream, the plasma stream can be wrapped and converged.

In the mixing chamber, fuel is ejected from the plurality of fuel injection nozzles around the plasma flow and mixed with the swirling flow, and the mixed flow of the swirling flow and the fuel is ignited by a spark plug in the combustion cylinder. The combustion flame is obtained by burning in a tornado shape without being diffused by the swirling flow. When the combustion flame is converged in this manner, a combustion flame having a higher temperature than that of a normal combustion burner can be obtained. By this high-temperature combustion flame, the internal plasma flow can be made into flame plasma, so that a higher temperature can be obtained and a higher ion density can be obtained. Therefore, according to the present invention, the temperature of the combustion flame can be easily increased without preheating the air or adding oxygen.

Further, by arranging a plurality of magnets on the outer periphery of the combustion cylinder so that the same poles are present around the combustion chamber, the flame in the combustion cylinder, which is in a plasma state and is in an ionized state, is magnetized. With the addition of magnetic operations such as a mirror and a drift effect, the flame is further converged and the temperature of the combustion flame can be further increased.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first example of an embodiment of a burner according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a fuel injection nozzle used in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second example of the embodiment of the burner according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a flow of a vortex of flame plasma when a magnetic pole of each magnet is an N pole in the burner of the second example.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a flow of a vortex of flame plasma when the magnetic pole of each magnet in the burner of the second example is an S pole.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mixing chamber 2 Mixing cylinder 2a, 2e Flange part 2b Cylindrical part 2c Enlarged diameter step part 2d Tapered cylindrical part 3 Outer cylinder 3a, 3b Flange part 4 Inner cylinder 5 Air supply part 6 Plasma generation means 7 Insulating support 8 Electrode 9 Turning Blade 10 Fuel injection nozzle 11 Air passage 12 Fuel passage 13 Merging portion 14 Throat 15 Nozzle tube 16 Combustion tube 16a, 16b Flange portion 17 Combustion chamber 18 Ignition plug 19 Electromagnet 20 Iron core 21 Coil 22 DC power supply 23 Cooling passage 23a Opening 24 Cooling Jacket outer wall 24a Drainage port 24b Water supply port 25 Cooling room 26 Isolation tube

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) F23C 11/00 F23D 11/10-11/22 H05H 1/42

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] An air supply unit having a double structure comprising a mixing cylinder forming a mixing chamber, an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder connected to the mixing cylinder on the inlet side of the mixing chamber; Plasma generation means for generating a plasma flow by converting an air flow flowing through the inner cylinder into a plasma, and a helical arrangement between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. A swirling vane that wraps and converges the plasma flow as a swirling flow with an air flow flowing therebetween, and the swirling flow that is provided through the mixing cylinder to eject fuel around the plasma flow in the mixing chamber. A fuel injection nozzle, a combustion cylinder connected to the mixing cylinder at the outlet side of the mixing chamber to form a combustion chamber, and a spark plug provided through the combustion cylinder. A burner characterized by that. 2. An air supply unit having a double structure comprising a mixing cylinder forming a mixing chamber, an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder connected to the mixing cylinder on the inlet side of the mixing chamber, Plasma generation means for generating a plasma flow by converting an air flow flowing through the inner cylinder into a plasma, and a helical arrangement between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. A swirling vane that wraps and converges the plasma flow as a swirling flow with an air flow flowing therebetween, and the swirling flow that is provided through the mixing cylinder to eject fuel around the plasma flow in the mixing chamber. A fuel injection nozzle, a combustion cylinder connected to the mixing cylinder at the outlet side of the mixing chamber to form a combustion chamber, a spark plug provided through the combustion cylinder, and the same pole. So that it exists around the combustion chamber and A burner comprising a plurality of magnets arranged. 3. The burner according to claim 2, wherein a cooling passage is formed in each of the magnets.