JP2797852B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and more particularly to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a laminated photosensitive layer in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are sequentially laminated on a conductive support.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Phthalocyanine pigments are useful materials as paints, printing inks, catalysts or electronic materials. In recent years, phthalocyanine pigments have been extensively studied in recent years as electrophotographic photoreceptor materials, optical recording materials and photoelectric conversion materials. Various electrophotographic photoreceptors containing a phthalocyanine pigment as a charge generation material have been proposed. In general, phthalocyanine pigments, due to differences in the production method, treatment method,
It is known that the phthalocyanine exhibits a large number of crystal forms, and it is known that the difference between the crystal forms greatly affects the photoelectric conversion characteristics of phthalocyanine. Various electrophotographic photosensitive members having a laminated photosensitive layer using a phthalocyanine pigment as a charge generating material have been proposed so far, and a binder resin used in such a case has also been proposed. For example, it is known to use a polyvinyl butyral resin, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, a polyester, a polycarbonate, a styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, or the like as a binder resin.

[0003]

However, when the phthalocyanine pigment is used by dispersing it in a binder resin, the phthalocyanine pigment generally has poor dispersibility, poor coatability of the dispersion, and poor photosensitivity. The layer had a problem in sensitivity characteristics or charge retention, and further caused defects such as fogging and black spots on the image, and the characteristics were not sufficiently satisfactory.
For example, chlorogallium phthalocyanine, titanium oxide phthalocyanine, hydroxygallium phthalocyanine, and the like have excellent charge generating ability, but dispersibility and coating properties are poor, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor manufactured using these,
There has been a problem that image defects such as fog and black spots frequently occur. The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems in the conventional technology. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having high sensitivity characteristics, good charge retention, and few image quality defects.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle.
This can be achieved by using a phthalocyanine pigment as the charge generation material in the load generation layer and using a vinyl copolymer containing maleic anhydride as a monomer component as the binder resin. That is, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is:
What has a laminated photosensitive layer provided with a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on a conductive support, the charge generation layer ,
It is characterized by containing a phthalocyanine pigment as a charge generation material and a vinyl copolymer containing maleic anhydride as a monomer component as a binder resin.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. 1 to 4 are schematic sectional views of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a charge generation layer 1 is provided on a conductive support 3, and a charge transport layer 2 is provided thereon. In FIG. 2, an undercoat layer 4 is further provided between the conductive support 3 and the charge generation layer 1, and in FIG. 3, a protective layer 5 is provided on the surface. In FIG. 4, both the undercoat layer 4 and the protective layer 5 are provided.

In the present invention, as the conductive support,
Metals such as aluminum, nickel, chromium, stainless steel, and plastic films provided with thin films of aluminum, titanium, nickel, chromium, stainless steel, gold, vanadium, tin oxide, indium oxide, ITO, etc., or conductivity imparting And paper and plastic films coated or impregnated with the agent. These conductive supports are drum-shaped, sheet-shaped, plate-shaped, etc.
It is used as an appropriate shape, but is not particularly limited. Further, if necessary, the surface of the conductive support can be subjected to various treatments within a range that does not affect the image quality. For example, surface oxidation treatment, chemical treatment, coloring treatment, or irregular reflection treatment such as graining can be performed.

[0007] An undercoat layer may be provided on the conductive support. The undercoat layer prevents charge injection from the conductive support into the photosensitive layer when the photosensitive layer having the laminated structure is charged, and also holds the photosensitive layer integrally adhered to the conductive support. It exhibits an action as an adhesive layer to be made, or an action to prevent reflected light from the conductive support in some cases. Materials used for the undercoat layer include polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyamide resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, phenol resin, polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin, polyimide resin, vinylidene chloride resin, and polyvinyl acetal. Resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol resin, water-soluble polyester resin, nitrocellulose, casein, gelatin, polyglutamic acid, starch,
Known materials such as starch acetate, amino starch, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, zirconium chelate compounds, zirconium alkoxide compounds, titanyl chelate compounds, titanyl alkoxide compounds, organic titanyl compounds, silane coupling agents and the like can be used. The thickness of the undercoat layer is in the range of 0.01 to 10 μm, preferably 0.05 to 2 μm.

A charge generation layer is provided on the conductive support or the undercoat layer thereon. The charge generation layer is formed by dispersing a charge generation material in a binder resin. In the present invention, a phthalocyanine pigment is used as a charge generation material. Specifically, phthalocyanine crystals such as metal-free phthalocyanine, vanadium phthalocyanine, titanium oxide phthalocyanine, chloroindium phthalocyanine, hydroxygallium phthalocyanine, and chlorotin phthalocyanine are used.

These phthalocyanine crystals can be produced by mechanically pulverizing a phthalocyanine compound produced by a known method using a ball mill, mortar, sand mill, kneader or the like. When crushing,
It is preferable to use a grinding aid such as sodium chloride or sodium sulfate so that the phthalocyanine compound can be transferred to the crystalline form having a uniform particle size very efficiently. The grinding aid is used in an amount of 0.5 to 20 with respect to the phthalocyanine compound.
Times, preferably 1 to 10 times. The phthalocyanine crystals obtained by the pulverization can be further treated with an organic solvent such as toluene, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-butanone, phenol, and benzyl alcohol to further adjust the crystallinity and particle size.
The treatment with these organic solvents may be carried out while milling using a grinding medium such as glass beads or steel beads as necessary. Further, a phthalocyanine compound produced by a known method can be subjected to a treatment such as hydrolysis or acid pasting in an aqueous acid or alkali solution to produce a phthalocyanine crystal. In addition, acid pasting means that pigment
This is a method in which a solution dissolved in 100% concentrated sulfuric acid is dropped into water, an organic solvent, or a mixture of water and an organic solvent to precipitate a pigment. The characteristics are different. Usually, depending on the characteristics of the pigment, a temperature of 30 to 50 ° C., 1/100 of the saturation solubility.
A concentration of about 9/10 is adopted, and in the present invention, it can be appropriately selected and carried out within these temperature and concentration ranges. The particle size of the phthalocyanine pigment is
When the thickness is 0.5 μm or less, it is preferable because dispersion in the binder resin is suitably performed. More preferably 0.3 μm or less,
More preferably, it is 0.15 μm or less.

In the present invention, as the binder resin in the charge generation layer, a vinyl copolymer containing maleic anhydride as a monomer component is used, and preferred is a copolymer represented by the following formula (I). be able to.

Embedded image (Wherein R ₁ and R ₂ are different from each other and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group or an aryl group;
k, m and n are molar ratios, and k = 0.05-0.
4, m = 0.6 to 0.95, n is 0 to 0.15. )

Specific examples of the vinyl copolymer represented by the above formula (I) include those in which R ₁ and R ₂ represent the groups shown in Table 1 below.

[Table 1] The vinyl copolymer represented by the above formula (I) can be appropriately selected from those having a weight-average molecular weight of 300 to 80000. It is also possible to use a mixture of two or more kinds of vinyl copolymers composed of the same kind of monomer but different in molecular weight. Among the vinyl copolymers represented by the above formula (I), particularly preferred are styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, vinyl chloride-maleic anhydride copolymer,
Examples thereof include a vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer, a vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, and the like, which can keep the dispersion of the charge generating material good.

The compounding ratio of the phthalocyanine pigment to the binder resin is preferably in the range of 10: 1 to 1:10 (weight ratio).
As a method of dispersing the phthalocyanine pigment in the binder resin, a method commonly used, such as a ball mill dispersion method, an attritor dispersion method, a sand mill dispersion method, a Dyno-mill dispersion method, a method using a paint shaker, or the like can be used. However, in this case, it is necessary to perform the reaction under such conditions that the crystal form of the phthalocyanine pigment does not change due to the dispersion.
Incidentally, it has been confirmed that the above-mentioned dispersion methods carried out in the present invention do not change the crystal form before and after dispersion. Also, as for the distributed processing time, 1
It is necessary to select an appropriate time in the range of 0 minute to 50 hours while taking into account the dispersion state, the degree of foreign matter contamination, and the like. In addition, depending on the dispersing method, foreign matter may be mixed. In such a case, it is necessary to remove the foreign matter by centrifugation, magnetic treatment, filtration, or the like. As the solvent used in the above dispersion treatment, methanol, ethanol,
n-propanol, n-butanol, benzyl alcohol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, acetone,
2-butanone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, acetic acid n
Organic solvents such as -butyl, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, xylene, toluene and monochlorobenzene; and these can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.

The thickness of the charge generation layer is generally 0.1 to 5
μm, preferably in the range of 0.2 to 2 μm.
As a coating method for providing the charge generation layer, a commonly used method such as a blade coating method, a wire bar coating method, a bead coating method, an air knife coating method, and a curtain coating method can be used.

The charge transport layer is formed by including a charge transport material in a suitable binder resin. As a charge transport material, 2,5-bis (p-diethylaminophenyl)-
Oxadiazole derivatives such as 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,5-triphenylpyrazoline, 1- [pyridyl- (2)]-3- (p-diethylaminostyryl) -5- (p Pyrazoline derivatives such as -diethylaminophenyl) pyrazolin, aromatic tertiary amino compounds such as triphenylamine and dibenzylaniline, N, N'-
Diphenyl-N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl)-
Aromatic tertiary diamino compounds such as [1,1'-biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine; 3- (4'-diethylaminophenyl) -5,6-di (4'-methoxyphenyl)
-1,2,4-triazine derivatives, hydrazone derivatives such as 4-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-1,1'-diphenylhydrazone, quinazoline derivatives such as 2-phenyl-4-styrylquinazoline, 6-hydroxy-2,3
Benzofuran derivatives such as di (p-methoxyphenyl) benzofuran, p- (2,2'-diphenylvinyl)-
Α-Stilbene derivatives such as N, N-diphenylaniline, “Journal of imaging Science” 29: 7-10 (1985)
, N-ethylcarbazole, poly-N-vinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, poly-γ-carbazoleethylglutamate and derivatives thereof, pyrene, polyvinylpyrene, polyvinylanthracene, polyvinylacridine, poly-9
Known charge transport materials such as -biphenylanthracene, pyrene-formaldehyde resin, and ethylcarbazole-formaldehyde resin can be used, but are not limited thereto. These charge transport materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the binder resin used for the charge transport layer include polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer, Known vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer, silicone resin, silicone-alkyd resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, styrene-alkyd resin, etc. Resin can be used. These binder resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The compounding ratio of the charge transport material and the binder resin is 1
The range of 0: 1 to 1: 5 (weight ratio) is preferable. Solvents used for forming the charge transport layer include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and chlorobenzene, ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone, and halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and chloroform. And cyclic or linear ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and ethyl ether. These can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. The thickness of the charge transport layer is generally 5 to 50 μm, preferably 10 to 30 μm.
It is set in the range of μm. In addition, as a coating method for providing the charge transport layer, a commonly used method such as a blade coating method, a wire bar coating method, a bead coating method, an air knife coating method, and a curtain coating method can be used.

In the charge generation layer or the charge transport layer,
Additives such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, and heat stabilizers can be included for the purpose of preventing the deterioration of the photoreceptor due to ozone or oxidizing gas generated in the copying machine, or light or heat. For example, as an antioxidant, hindered phenol, hindered amine, paraphenylenediamine, aryl alkane, hydroquinone, spirochroman, spiroidanone and derivatives thereof, organic sulfur compounds,
And organic phosphorus compounds. Examples of light stabilizers include:
Benzophenone, benzotriazole, dithiocarbamate, tetramethylpiperidine and the like can be mentioned. Also,
One or more electron-accepting substances may be contained for the purpose of improving sensitivity, reducing residual potential, and reducing fatigue upon repeated use. Examples of usable electron accepting substances include, for example, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, dibromomaleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, tetrabromophthalic anhydride,
Tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, o
-Dinitrobenzene, m-dinitrobenzene, chloranil, dinitroanthraquinone, trinitrofluorenone, picric acid, o-nitrobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, phthalic acid and the like. Among these, fluorenone-based and quinone-based ones, and benzene derivatives having an electron-withdrawing substituent such as Cl, CN, and NO ₂ are particularly preferable.

In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, a protective layer may be further provided on the charge transport layer, if necessary. The protective layer functions to prevent chemical deterioration of the charge transport layer during charging of the photosensitive layer having a laminated structure and to improve mechanical strength of the photosensitive layer. The protective layer is formed by including a conductive material in a suitable binder resin. Examples of the conductive material include metallocene compounds such as N, N'-dimethylferrocene and N, N'-diphenyl-
N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1'-
Materials such as aromatic amine compounds such as [biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine, metal oxides such as antimony oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide, and tin oxide-antimony oxide can be used. As the binder resin used for the protective layer, a known resin such as a polyamide resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, a polyketone resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyvinyl ketone resin, a polystyrene resin, and a polyacrylamide resin can be used. . Protective layer, the electrical resistance of 10 ⁹ to 1
Preferably configured so that the 0 ¹⁴ Ω · cm. When the electric resistance is higher than 10 ¹⁴ Ω · cm, the residual potential increases, and a copy with much fog is formed. Also, 10 ⁹
If it is lower than Ω · cm, image blurring and reduction in resolution will occur. Further, the protective layer needs to be configured so as not to substantially hinder the transmission of light used for image exposure.
The thickness of the protective layer is 0.5 to 20 μm, preferably 1 to 1 μm.
It is set in the range of 0 μm.

[0019]

In the charge generation layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, a vinyl copolymer containing maleic anhydride as a monomer component is used as a binder resin for the charge generation material. The vinyl copolymer is a phthalocyanine pigment. The dispersion state of the phthalocyanine pigment in the coating liquid is good, and the good dispersion state can be maintained over time. In particular, when a copolymer containing styrene or vinyl ether as a monomer component is used, a charge transfer complex may be generated, which acts to improve electrophotographic characteristics. Therefore, the formed electrophotographic photoreceptor has excellent electrical properties,
An image of high quality is formed.

[0020]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. In the examples, "parts" means "parts by weight". Example 1 Aluminum substrate (1 mm × 40 mmφ × 310 mm)
A zirconium compound (Orgatic ZC54)
0, 10 parts by Matsumoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and silane (A111)
0, manufactured by Nippon Unicar Co., Ltd.) and i-propanol 40
And a solution consisting of 20 parts of butanol by a dip coating method, and dried by heating at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes to form an undercoat layer having a thickness of 0.1 μm. Next, one part of the hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal was added to the exemplified resin N
o. 4 (Mw = 20,000, k =
0.1, m = 0.9), and 1 part of a solution dissolved in 10 parts of monochlorobenzene, and dispersed together with glass beads in a sand mill for 12 hours. The obtained dispersion is subjected to centrifugation (10000 G × 30 minutes) to remove iron, chromium, nickel mixed during dispersion and heavy components such as Al, Ca, and Si contained in the raw material. , So that the concentration is about 3%, which is suitable for dip coating.
The mixture was diluted with a mixed solvent of toluene / tetrahydrofuran (1: 1), and filtered through a pure cellulose filter (Pollcell DC, manufactured by Porth) having a filtration accuracy of 3 μm. The obtained coating solution was applied on the undercoat layer formed as described above by a dip coating method, and dried by heating at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.10 μm. In addition, it was confirmed by X-ray diffraction that the crystal form of the hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal after dispersion did not change from the crystal form before dispersion. The average particle size of the hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal in the coating solution was measured with a laser scattering light type distribution meter (LA700, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) and found to be 0.25 μm. Next, poly (4,4) composed of 8 parts of a compound represented by the following structural formula (1), 2 parts of a compound represented by the following structural formula (2), and a structural unit represented by the following formula (3) '-Cyclohexylidenediphenylene carbonate) and 10 parts of
Dissolved in 80 parts of monochlorobenzene, and the obtained coating solution was applied on the charge generating layer by a dip coating method.
The resultant was dried by heating at 0 ° C. for 1 hour to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm.

[0021]

Embedded image

The electrophotographic photoreceptor thus obtained was subjected to normal temperature and normal humidity (20 ° C.) using a laser printer modified scanner (XP-11 modified machine, manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.).
(A) under a grid application voltage of -700 V under a scorotron charger (A), and irradiate 7.0 erg / cm ² light after 1 second with a 780 nm semiconductor laser to discharge. (B), and after 3 seconds, 50e
The potential [(VH), (VL) and (VRP)] of each part was measured by a process including three steps of (C) of irradiating red KED light of rg / cm ² to remove electricity.
This measurement is also performed in low-temperature, low-humidity (10 ° C., 15% RH) and high-temperature, high-humidity (28 ° C., 85% RH) environments, and the amount of change in each potential among the three environments is measured. A stability evaluation was performed. This electrophotographic photoreceptor was mounted on a laser printer (XP-11, manufactured by Fuji Cellox), and subjected to a durability test of 10,000 sheets under high temperature and high humidity (28 ° C., 85% RH) to evaluate the image quality. Further, the coating solution for forming a charge generation layer was left for 30 days after the preparation of the coating solution, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner, and the same test was performed.
Table 2 shows the results.

Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, an aluminum substrate (1 mm × 4
(0 mmφ × 310 mm). Next, the black angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) was determined by X-ray diffraction.
Of the titanium oxide phthalocyanine having a strong peak at least at 27.3 ° of the above-mentioned exemplary resin No. 8
Vinyl copolymer (Mw = 45,000, k = 0.1,
m = 0.8, n = 0.1) 10 parts of acetic acid i-
The solution was added to a solution dissolved in an amyl, and dispersed with a low alkali glass bead using a Dyno mill for 15 hours. The obtained dispersion is subjected to centrifugation (15000 G × 30 minutes) to remove iron, chromium, nickel mixed in the dispersion and heavy components such as Al, Ti, and Si contained in the raw materials. Diluted with monochlorobenzene so as to have a concentration suitable for dip coating of about 5.8%, and a filtration accuracy of 10%.
Filtration was performed with a μm membrane filter. The obtained coating liquid was applied on the undercoat layer by a dip coating method, and dried by heating at 180 ° C. for 15 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.20 μm. In addition, it was confirmed by X-ray diffraction that the crystal form of the titanium oxide phthalocyanine crystal after dispersion did not change from the crystal form before dispersion. The average particle size of the titanium oxide phthalocyanine crystals in the coating solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and was found to be 0.20 μm. Next, a charge transport layer was formed on the charge generation layer in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce an electrophotographic photosensitive member. This electrophotographic photosensitive member was measured and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, an aluminum substrate (1 mm × 4
(0 mmφ × 310 mm). Next, the black angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) was determined by X-ray diffraction.
At least 7.4 °, 16.6 °, 25.5 °, 2
1 part of the chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal having a strong peak at 8.3 ° 1 vinyl copolymer (Mw = 10,000, k = 0.3, m = 0.7,
(n = 0) was added to a solution of 1 part in 10 parts of butyl acetate and dissolved in a Dynomill for 8 hours together with low alkali glass beads. The obtained dispersion is centrifuged (7000 G × 30 minutes), and iron, chromium, nickel mixed in the dispersion, and A contained in the raw material are removed.
After removing heavy components such as l, Ca, Si, etc., dilute it with xylene to a concentration of about 4.8%, which is suitable for dip coating, and filter the pure cellulose filter with a filtration accuracy of 13 μm (Polecell DC, manufactured by Pall Corporation). ). The obtained coating solution was applied on the undercoat layer by a dip coating method, and dried by heating at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.15 μm. In addition,
X-ray diffraction confirmed that the crystal form of the chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal after dispersion did not change from the crystal form before dispersion. The average particle size of the chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystals in the coating solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, it was 0.22 μm. Next, a charge transport layer was formed on the charge generation layer in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce an electrophotographic photosensitive member. About this electrophotographic photoreceptor,
Measurement and evaluation were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Comparative example 1 Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer (trade name: VMC)
H, manufactured by Union Carbide Co., Ltd., Mw = 38,000, copolymerization ratio: 86 wt%, 13 wt%, 1 wt%), and an electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and measured in the same manner. Was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
Shown in The average particle size of the hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal in the coating solution for forming a charge generation layer was 0.66 μm.
m.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 Exemplified resin No. Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer (trade name: VMC)
H, manufactured by Union Carbide Co., Ltd., Mw = 38,000, copolymerization ratio: 86 wt%, 13 wt%, 1 wt%). Was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
Shown in The average particle size of the titanium oxide phthalocyanine crystals in the coating solution for forming a charge generation layer was 0.49 μm.
Met.

Comparative Example 3 The example resin No. 3 in Example 3 was used. Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer (trade name: VMC)
H, manufactured by Union Carbide Co., Ltd., Mw = 38,000, copolymerization ratio: 86 wt%, 13 wt%, 1 wt%), and an electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 and measured in the same manner. Was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
Shown in The average particle size of the chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystals in the coating solution for forming a charge generation layer was 0.81 μm.

[0028]

[Table 2]

[0029]

As is clear from the comparison between the above Examples and Comparative Examples, the present invention is excellent in the dispersion stability of the phthalocyanine pigment in the coating solution for forming the charge generation layer, and The body is sensitive, has low residual potential,
Excellent environmental stability and repetition stability. Therefore, when repeatedly used, image quality defects such as black spots and fog do not occur, and a copy image with excellent image quality can be obtained for a long period of time.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an example of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of an example of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of an example of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of an example of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Charge generation layer, 2 ... Charge transport layer, 3 ... Conductive support,
4: Undercoat layer, 5: Protective layer.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Shigeki Washino 1600 Takematsu, Minamiashigara-shi, Kanagawa Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Takematsu Office (72) Inventor Makoto Takemoto 1600 Takematsu, Minamiashigara-shi, Kanagawa Fuji Xerox Takematsu In-house (72) Inventor Masanori Murase 1600 Takematsu, Minamiashigara-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture Inside Fujimatsu Rocks Co., Ltd. Document JP-A-3-231735 (JP, A) JP-A-3-37654 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G03G 5/05 101

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A charge generating layer and a charge transport layer on a conductive support.
An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer of the multilayer having a layer, the charge generation layer contains a phthalocyanine pigment as a charge generating material, as a binder resin, a vinyl copolymer of maleic anhydride and a monomer component An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising: 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the phthalocyanine pigment is chlorogallium phthalocyanine. 3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the phthalocyanine pigment is hydroxygallium phthalocyanine. 4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the phthalocyanine pigment is titanium oxide phthalocyanine.