JP2785047B2 - Fine movement device of surveying instrument - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fine movement device for a rotary shaft of a surveying instrument such as a transit, a theodolite, a total station or a level.

(Prior art) In a surveying instrument such as a transit, a theodolite, a total station or a level, the collimating telescope is configured to be rotatable around a vertical axis via a support or about a horizontal axis supported by the support. I have. A fine movement device is provided for finely rotating the collimating telescope around the axis for precise collimation and angle measurement.

As shown schematically in, for example, FIGS. 6a and 6b, a conventional fine movement device is rotatably supported by a vertical shaft b on a bearing a 'formed on a base and supports a collimating telescope. The bearing a 'has a tightening frame c loosely fitted thereto, and the tightening frame c is tightened to the bearing a' by tightening a tightening screw g provided on the main body a. Is determined.

Further, the conventional fine movement device has a fine movement feed screw d screwed to the main body a, and the tip thereof abuts one side of the arm c 'of the tensioning frame c. A push rod f is pressed against the other side of the arm c 'by a spring e. The micromotion feed by rotating the body a by rotating the screw d, and is configured to microspheroidal the collimating telescope the vertical axis O _v direction.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) In the above-mentioned conventional fine movement device, the speed at which the collimating telescope can be rotated slightly is uniquely determined by the feed pitch of the fine movement feed screw d. For this reason, as the feed pitch of the fine movement feed screw d is reduced, the feed speed is reduced, and the minute rotation speed of the collimating telescope can be reduced.

However, when the coarse collimation of the collimating telescope to the survey target at the time of non-tension is too rough, the collimating telescope is then tensioned, and the fine collimating device is finely rotated by finely rotating the collimating telescope. When the feed pitch of the fine movement feed screw d is small, the fine rotation speed of the collimating telescope becomes small,
For this reason, there is a disadvantage that precise collimation takes time and the surveying efficiency is poor. Operating the fine movement device for a long time
Since an external force is applied to the surveying instrument main body for a long time via the fine movement device, there is a drawback that the surveying accuracy is reduced.

An object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of such a conventional fine movement device of a surveying instrument.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention provides fine movement means for finely rotating a shaft body around a rotation axis thereof, a fine operation shaft connected to the fine movement means, and for rotating the fine operation shaft. A fine-motion operation shaft, a speed-reducing means for decelerating the rotation of the fine-motion operation shaft within a predetermined angle range via a rolling element and transmitting the rotation to the fine-operation shaft, and rotating the fine-motion operation shaft outside the predetermined angle range at a constant speed. And a constant-speed transmission means for transmitting to the fine operation shaft.

The present invention is also a fine movement device for minutely rotating the shaft body about its rotation axis, comprising: a cylindrical bearing; and a fixed ring rotatably circumferentially contacting an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical bearing. A driven shaft provided to be rotatable coaxially with a rotation axis of the fixed ring; and a driven shaft rotatably provided coaxially with the rotation axis of the fixed ring. A fine movement knob is provided at the other end of the driven shaft at one end thereof, and a driving shaft is provided at the other end.A hard ball that is provided rotatably on the driven shaft and can roll on the driving shaft on the fixed ring, The fixed ring has a notch formed over a predetermined angle along the circumferential direction thereof, and a pin having one end implanted in the driving shaft and the other end inserted into the notch. It is a fine movement device of a surveying instrument.

(Operation) According to the first means described above, the fine movement operation shaft is first rotated outside the predetermined angle range, and the rotation is transmitted to the fine operation shaft at a constant speed by the constant speed transmission means. The rotation of the fine movement operation shaft is shifted to rotation within a predetermined angle range, and the rotation of the fine movement operation shaft is reduced by the deceleration transmission means and transmitted to the fine operation shaft. This allows the fine operation axis to rotate in two speeds, high speed and low speed, and enables fine focusing near the survey target to be fast, and final fine focusing to the survey target to be able to rotate the shaft body at low speed. The collimating telescope attached to the shaft or attached via a support can be rotated slightly at two speeds.

Alternatively, according to the above-described second means, when the driving shaft is rotated in a state where the pin implanted in the driving shaft is in contact with the end face of the notch, the rotation is performed at the same speed as the rotation of the driving shaft. The rotation of the stationary ring is transmitted to the driven shaft via a hard sphere, and the driven shaft rotates at the same speed as the rotation of the driving shaft to rotate the shaft slightly. When the driving shaft is rotated in such a state that the pin runs in the notch, the rotation is reduced by the rolling of the hard sphere and transmitted to the driven shaft to rotate the shaft slightly in the decelerated state.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the fine movement device of the surveying instrument according to the present invention,
It will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings including the fixing means.

FIG. 1 exemplifies a transit as a surveying instrument into which a fine movement device of the present invention is incorporated. Supported. A horizontal shaft 7 of the collimating telescope 6 is rotatably supported on bearings 7a formed on the support columns 4, 4. Fine movement devices 8 and 8a are incorporated in each of the vertical axis and the horizontal axis. First, the fine movement device 8 provided on the vertical shaft 3 will be described below.

A foam wheel 16 is loosely fitted rotatably on a large-diameter stepped portion 11 formed on the outer periphery of the base bearing 1a. A screw 13 is formed on the outer periphery of the small-diameter stepped portion 12, and a disk 15 is sandwiched between the shoulder of the stepped portion 12 by a fixing screw 14 screwed to the screw 13, whereby the disk 15 and the base bearing 1 a It is fixed.

As shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, a set screw 21 screwed to the first flange 20 formed on the support 2
Arms 22 and 22 are rotatably mounted by means of 22.
At the ends of the arms 22, 22, the rolling rollers 23, 23 are
By means of 4, 24, they are rotatably attached to their shafts 24a, 24a. A push rod 26 is movably fitted into openings 20a, 25a formed in each of the first flange 20 and the second flange 25. The tip of the push rod 26 is formed in a conical shape and is in contact with the arms 22, 22.

A collar 27 is fixed to an intermediate portion of the push rod 26. A spring 28 is fitted between the first flange 20 and the collar 27 and constantly urges the push rod 26 to retreat.

A bearing 50 is fixed to the fine movement device housing 2a with screws 51. A tensioning operation shaft 52 having a tensioning knob 34 is rotatably supported on an outer shaft of the bearing portion 50, and a tensioning operation shaft 31 is rotatably supported on an inner shaft thereof. A predetermined angle slit 54 is formed in the bearing part 50, and a pin 53
Thereby, the tensioning operation shaft 52 and the tensioning operation shaft 31 are connected.

The outer peripheral surface of the tensioning shaft 31 is formed as an eccentric cam surface 31a from the rotation axis as shown in the cross section in FIG. 4, and the rear end of the push rod 26 abuts on the eccentric cam surface 31a. ing.

The fine movement device housing 2a of the support 2 further includes fine movement means.
40 are built in. The fine movement means 40 has a worm gear shaft 43 having both ends pivotally supported by flanges 41 and 42 and a worm gear 46 formed at the center, and the worm gear 46 meshes with the worm wheel 16. The worm gear shaft 43 is constantly pressed in its axial direction by a spring 44 and toward the worm wheel 16 by a spring 45, thereby eliminating backlash. The tensioning knob 34 of the tensioning shaft 31 has a driven shaft 55 having a rotation axis coaxial with the rotation axis of the tensioning shaft 31.
Are rotatably supported. At the end of the worm gear shaft 43, a contact 49 composed of a pedestal 49a and a leaf spring 49b is provided, and at the tip of the driven shaft 55, a plate 49c is provided.
Is inserted between the pedestal 49a and the leaf spring 49b, whereby the war gear shaft 43 and the driven shaft 55 are connected. The contact 49 and the plate 49c are provided for the convenience of assembly and repair, and the worm gear shaft 43 and the driven shaft 55 may be formed integrally.

The driven shaft 55 has hard balls 56, 56, 56 that freely roll. The hard balls 56, 56, 56 are in contact with the inner conical surface of a fixed ring 57 rotatably supported in the bearing 50, and a spring washer 57a is provided to prevent play. Driven shaft 5
5 has a tip 58a of a driving shaft 58 having a fine adjustment knob 47 at the other end.
Are rotatably inserted. The hard balls 56, 56, 56 are also in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the driving shaft 58, and the driving shaft 58, the hard balls 56, 56, 56 and the driven shaft 55 constitute a reduction gear.

Assuming that the radius of the driving shaft 58 is r, the diameter of the hard balls 56, 56, 56 is a, and the radius from the rotation axis 0 of the driving shaft 58 to the contact point of the hard balls 56, 56, 56 with the fixed ring 57 is R, = R + a, and the reduction ratio D of the reduction gear is: Becomes For example, if r = 5 mm and a = 5 mm, R = 10 mm, and the reduction ratio D is 1/3. That is, when the fine movement knob 47 makes one rotation, the fine movement operation shaft 48 makes 1/3 rotation.

In the present embodiment, the fixed ring 57 has a notch 57a at a predetermined angle.
Is formed, and a pin 59 implanted on the driving shaft 58 is inserted into the notch 57a.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described.
Before the tension is established, the push rod 26 is retracted by the elastic force of the spring 28, and the rolling rollers 23, 23 are in a state of lightly touching the disk 15 and the worm wheel 16. The worm wheel 16 is always meshed with the worm gear 46. Therefore,
When the support 2 is rotated about the vertical axis 3 to rotate the collimating telescope 6, the disk 15 fixed to the base bearing 1a remains stopped while the worm wheel 16 is loosened to the base bearing 1a. Since it is in the fitted state, it rotates together with the fine movement means 40 via the worm gear 46 meshed therewith.

Next, when the tightening knob 34 is rotated for tightening, the eccentric cam surface 31a of the tightening operation shaft 31 causes the push rod 26 to
Of the push rod 26, the conical part of the end of the push rod 26 rotates the arms 22, 22, and the rolling rollers 23, 23 cause the disk 15 and the worm wheel 16 to move forward.
Strongly. Thereby, the disk 15 and the worm wheel 16 are integrated. As described above, the disk 15 is fixed to the base bearing 1a, and the support 2 is connected to the worm wheel 16 via the fine movement means 40.
The supporting frame 2 is fixed to the base bearing 1a by the integral mounting of the worm wheel 16 and the worm wheel 16.

Next, when the fine adjustment knob 47 is operated to rotate the driving shaft 58, the frictional force between the fixed ring 57 and the bearing 50 is fixed to the hard balls 56, 56, 56 while the pin 59 moves in the notch 57a. The rotation of the fine adjustment knob 47 is transmitted to the driven shaft 55 via the reduction gear, because it is much larger than the rolling on the inner conical surface of the ring 57. That is, the rotation of the fine movement knob 47 is transmitted to the driving shaft 58, and then the hard balls 56, 56, 56 disposed between the driving shaft 58 and the fixed ring 57 rotate around the axis of the driving shaft 58, and the hard ball 56 , 56, 56 are rotatably held by a driven shaft 55. The rotation angle is reduced by the reduction ratio D. For example, the angle of notch 57a is 120
When the driving shaft 58 is rotated so that its pin 59 moves from the beginning to the end of the notch 57a, the driven shaft 55 becomes 120 mm × 1
/ 3 = 40 ° rotation.

After the pin 59 contacts the beginning or end of the notch 57a,
The driving shaft 58 and the fixed ring 57 are integrated via a pin 59, and the driven shaft 55 having hard balls 56, 56, 56 sandwiched therebetween is also a driving shaft.
It is integrated with 58 and fixed ring 57. For this reason, the fine adjustment knob
When the 47 is further rotated, the rotation is transmitted to the driven shaft 55, and the driven shaft 55 is rotated by the same angle as the rotation angle of the fine movement knob 47.
As described above, in the present embodiment, the pin 59 can rotate at a low speed while floating in the notch 57a, and can finely move at a high speed after the pin 59 abuts on the beginning or end of the notch 57a.

When the fine movement knob 47 is rotated, the driving shaft 581 is rotated, and the rotation of the driving shaft 58 is transmitted to the worm gear shaft 43 via the plate 49c and the contact 49 so that the worm gear 46 is rotated.
Rotates. As described above, since the worm wheel 16 is integrated with the disk 15 and is now fixed to each other, the rotation of the worm gear 46 causes the worm wheel 16 to move in its circumferential direction, and as a result, Rotates slightly around a vertical axis. In addition, at the time of tension, rolling rollers 23, 23
Since the roller itself rolls on the clamping surface between the disk 15 and the worm wheel 16, it does not alienate the minute rotation of the support 2 around the vertical axis.

The fine movement device 8a incorporated in the horizontal shaft 7 is
The structure is almost the same as that of the fine movement device 8 incorporated in the first embodiment, except that the disk 15a is fixed to the horizontal shaft 7. Due to this difference in configuration, when the collimating telescope 6 is rotated at the time of non-tension, the disk 15a rotates together with the horizontal shaft 7.
When tightened, the worm wheel 16a is integrated with the disk 15a, and when the fine movement means is operated, the worm gear 46a
The rotation of the worm wheel 16a itself causes the collimating telescope 6 to slightly rotate about the horizontal axis. At this time, the fine movement means themselves do not move because they are fixed to the supporting column 4, and the rolling rollers do not move because the tensioning means is also fixed to the supporting column 4.

In the embodiment described above, an all-around fine-movement device capable of finely rotating along the entire circumference of the shaft body 3 without limitation will be described.
The present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to, for example, a type in which only the screw length of the fine movement feed screw d can be finely rotated, such as a conventional fine movement device shown in FIG. Needless to say.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, the fine movement device of the present invention has an advantage that it is possible to obtain a fine rotation degree of the shaft at two speeds, high speed and low speed. Therefore, the fine movement operation is easy, the fine collimation close to the survey target is fast, and the final fine collimation to the survey target can rotate the shaft at a low speed, so that the shaft can be attached to or fixed to the shaft. Since the collimating telescope attached via the frame can be rotated slightly at two speeds, the surveying efficiency can be improved. In addition, since the application time of the external force to the surveying instrument main body through the fine movement device can be further shortened, there is an advantage that a decrease in surveying accuracy can be avoided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view of a transit incorporating the fine movement device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the fine movement device of the present invention, II-II in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 2, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line VV of FIG. FIG. 6a is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a conventional fine movement device, and FIG. 6b is a cross-sectional view taken along line VIb-VIb of FIG. 6a. 3 ... shaft, 7 ... horizontal shaft, 7a ... horizontal shaft bearing, 55 ... driven shaft, 56 ... hard ball, 57 ... fixed ring, 57a ... notch, 58 ... driving shaft, 59 ... pin.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] A fine movement means for finely rotating the shaft body about its rotation axis; a fine movement shaft connected to the fine movement means; a fine movement operation shaft for rotating the fine movement shaft; A deceleration means for decelerating the rotation of the operation shaft within a predetermined angle range via a rolling element and transmitting the rotation to the fine operation shaft; and for transmitting the rotation of the fine operation shaft other than the predetermined angle range to the fine operation shaft at a constant speed. A fine movement device for a surveying instrument, comprising: 2. A micro device for finely rotating a shaft body around its rotation axis, comprising: a cylindrical bearing; and a fixed ring rotatably circumferentially contacting an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical bearing. A driven shaft provided for rotating the shaft slightly, and provided rotatably coaxially with a rotation axis of the fixed ring; and rotatable coaxially with the rotation axis of the fixed ring. A driven shaft, one end of which is held by the driven shaft, and a fine movement knob provided at the other end thereof; and a hard ball that is rotatably provided on the driven shaft and that can roll on the driven shaft on the fixed ring. A notch formed at a predetermined angle along a circumferential direction of the stationary ring, and a pin having one end implanted in the driving shaft and the other end inserted into the notch. Fine movement device of surveying instrument.