JP2774861B2 - Reverse rotation braking device - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a reverse rotation braking device provided in, for example, a winch drive unit.

(Conventional technology) In a winch device, the lowering speed (lowering speed) of a suspended load is increased due to gravitational acceleration during the lowering operation, and there is a danger of falling accident if left unattended. Sometimes a braking device is provided to control the lowering speed of the suspended load. That is, this braking device allows the rotation of the winch drum (forward rotation) during the hoisting operation, and the rotation (reverse rotation) of the drum when the rotation speed of the drum increases with the increase in the descent speed of the suspended load during the lowering operation. ) Is braked to suppress the rotation speed and appropriately maintain the descent speed of the suspended load.

Conventionally, the reverse rotation braking device employs a configuration in which a clutch that transmits the rotation of a hydraulic motor to a winch drum and a ratchet device for preventing reverse rotation are combined.

That is, the reverse rotation preventing ratchet device used in the reverse rotation braking device includes a ratchet formed by arranging a plurality of claws on the outer peripheral surface in a circumferentially aligned direction, and a pawl radially outward of the ratchet. A swinging pawl that is swingably provided so as to be engaged with and disengaged from the pawl of the wheel, and has a rocking pawl to which a spring force is constantly applied in a direction in contact with the pawl of the ratchet; When rotating (rotating in the hoisting direction), the swinging pawl pressed by the spring always makes sliding contact with the pawl of the ratchet wheel to allow the rotation of the ratchet wheel, thereby enabling the drum to rotate forward. When the roller rotates in the reverse direction (rotates in the lowering direction), the swinging pawl pressed by the spring is joined to the pawl of the ratchet wheel to prevent the rotation of the ratchet wheel, thereby preventing the reverse rotation of the drum. It is.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, since the conventional reverse rotation braking device provided with such a reverse rotation preventing ratchet device uses the ratchet device, the following problem occurs.

When the drum rotates forward, that is, when the ratchet wheel rotates forward, a loud striking sound is generated when the swinging pawl sliding on the eye of the ratchet wheel falls at the paragraph of each pawl of the ratchet wheel and hits the surface of the pawl. Noise is generated.

When the drum rotates in the reverse direction, that is, when the ratchet rotates in the reverse direction, the swinging pawl engages with the cut portion of the pawl of the ratchet and stops the rotation of the ratchet, but the ratchet starts to rotate in the reverse direction. There is a time interval between the point at which the ratchet wheel rotates and the step portion of the pawl moves to and engages with the swinging pawl due to the reverse rotation of the ratchet wheel, and the reverse rotation of the ratchet wheel cannot be stopped instantaneously. . This time lag results in a delay in stopping the rotation of the drum, and this delay causes the suspended load to slip by that much, resulting in a large shock when stopped.

Since the ratchet wheel is a dedicated product having a unique specification corresponding to the specification of each winch equipped with the ratchet wheel, it is necessary to manufacture each of them separately, which is uneconomical.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a reverse rotation braking device which has high reliability of a reverse rotation braking operation, low noise, and is economical.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, a reverse rotation braking device of the present invention is provided with a drive shaft for rotating a driven rotating body, and screwed to the drive shaft to be rotatable and movable. A driving-side rotator and a driven-side rotator fixed to the driving shaft, and when the driving-side rotator rotates and moves in one direction, both rotators are combined to move from the driving-side rotator to the driven-side rotator. And a clutch whose rotation is transmitted to the drive shaft via the drive shaft, and when the drive-side rotator rotates and moves in the other direction, both rotators are separated and the rotation is transmitted from the drive-side rotator to the drive shaft; When the drive-side rotator of the clutch rotates in one direction and transmits rotation to the driven-side rotator, the drive-side rotator is allowed to rotate, and the drive-side rotator rotates in the other direction to rotate. During transmission of rotation to the drive shaft, A one-way clutch that brakes the rotation of the drive-side rotator when the rotation speed of the drive shaft exceeds the rotation speed of the drive-side rotator due to the rotation of the drive rotator. .

(Operation) With the above configuration, when the drive shaft rotates forward, the one-way clutch idles to permit rotation of the drive shaft, and when the drive shaft rotates reversely, the rotation of the drive shaft is instantly stopped by the operation of the one-way clutch. I do. The one-way clutch does not have a portion accompanied by a hit during operation and does not generate noise. A general-purpose product can be used for the one-way clutch.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

One embodiment of the reverse rotation braking device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, 6, and 7. FIG.

This embodiment is applied to a winch drive unit provided on a crane mounted on a truck.

Fig. 6 and Fig. 7
This will be described with reference to the drawings.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a truck, which has an operator's cab part 2, a carrier part 3, and a crane mounting part 4 between the operator's cab part 2 and the carrier part 3. Reference numeral 5 denotes a crane, which is mounted on the crane body 4 of the truck 1. This crane 5 has a post 6,
The vehicle includes a boom 7, a hook 8, a derrick cylinder 9, and a winch 10. The winch 10 is provided on the post 6 at a position lower than the upper end of the roof of the cab 2 and the upper end of the torii 3 a provided on the carrier 3.

The winch 10 includes a drum 11 and a driving device (reducer) 12 for rotating the drum 11. Drum 11
Is rotatably supported via a bearing 14 on a drum shaft 13 attached to the turning post 6, and has one end meshed with a gear 26 of a drive shaft 23 provided in a braking device described later as shown in FIG. A gear 15 is provided. A wire 16 is wound around the drum 11 along the boom 7 to the hook 8. The driving device 12 is mounted on the turning post 6, and is provided with a hydraulic motor (not shown) and the reverse rotation braking device of the present invention.

The reverse rotation braking device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

1 and 2 show the entire reverse rotation braking device. Reference numeral 21 denotes a housing fixed to the post 6, and reference numeral 22 denotes a lid fixed in combination with an open portion of the housing 21. Reference numeral 23 denotes a drive shaft, and bearings 24, 25 provided on the housing 21 and the lid 22.
It is supported rotatably. A gear 26 is formed at an end of the drive shaft 23 projecting from the housing 21, and the gear 26 meshes with the gear 15 provided on the drum 11. 27 is a first gear, 28 is a disk, 29 is a second gear, and these components are arranged inside the housing 21. First gear
The screw hole 27a is formed at the center of the screw shaft 27, and the screw hole 27a is screwed into a screw portion 23a formed on the drive shaft 23. The disk 28 has a hole 28a formed in the center and a circular protrusion 28b on one side.
Are formed. The disk 28 is disposed adjacent to the first gear 27 with the circular projection 28b facing the first gear 27, the hole 28a is fitted to the drive shaft 23, and the drive shaft 23 is It is fixed to. That is, the disk 28
Is provided so as to rotate integrally with the drive shaft 23, and the second gear 29 has a ring shape. The second gear 29 is disposed between the first gear 27 and the disk 28, and is rotatably supported by a bearing 33 provided on an outer peripheral portion of a circular projection 28b of the disk 28. That is, the second gear 29 is provided rotatably with respect to the drive shaft 23. Friction plates 31, 32 are fixed to both side surfaces of the first gear 27 and the second gear 29 facing the disk.

These first gear 27, disk 28 and second gear 29
Constitutes the clutch. That is, the first gear 27 is a driving-side rotating body, meshes with a gear rotated by a hydraulic motor (not shown), is rotated by the gear, and moves in the axial direction of the drive shaft 23 to turn the clutch on and off. It has a function to make it work. The disk 28 is a driven-side rotator to which rotation is transmitted from the first gear 27. The first gear 27 is a screw hole
The operation described below is performed by screwing the screw 27a of the drive shaft 23 with the screw 27a. That is, the first gear 27
When rotated forward, it moves in a direction approaching the second gear 29, and when rotated in the reverse direction, moves away from the second gear 35.

Reference numeral 34 denotes a third gear, which has teeth formed on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body, and has a hole fitted on the fixed shaft 35 at one end of the cylindrical body. The teeth are smaller than the second gear 29. The third gear 34 is provided inside the housing 21 in the radial direction of the second gear 29 and meshes with the second gear 29. That is, the third gear 34 is rotatably fitted and supported on a fixed shaft 35 provided in parallel with the drive shaft 23. The fixed shaft 35 is fitted to and supported by the housing 21, and is further fixed by a bolt retainer 37 attached to the housing 21 with a bolt 36 so as not to rotate.

A sprag-shaped one-way clutch 38 is provided in a circular annular space formed by the third gear 34 and the fixed shaft 35 that form a cylindrical body.

The one-way clutch 38 will be described with reference to FIGS. Reference numerals 39 and 40 denote two retainers forming circular rings concentrically arranged in a space formed by the third gear 34 and the fixed shaft 35, and a plurality of retaining holes are formed side by side in the circumferential direction. I have. Reference numeral 41 denotes a sprag. The sprag 41 is inserted and held in each hole of each of the retainers 39 and 40, and a plurality of sprags are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the space portion. It is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of 35. Reference numeral 42 denotes a spring. The spring 42 applies a spring force to each sprag 41 so as to contact the third gear 34 and the fixed shaft 35 as shown in FIG.

The shape of each hole of each of the retainers 39 and 40, the shape of the sprag 41, and the method of applying the spring force of the spring 42 perform the following operation on the sprag 41 as a one-way clutch. As shown in FIG. 3, when the third gear 34 rotates in the forward direction (winding direction), the sprag 41 leans in the rotation direction of the third gear 34 to receive the third gear 34 and allow the rotation thereof. Also, as shown in FIG. 4, when the third gear 34 rotates in the reverse direction (downward direction), the sprag 41 is inclined in the rotation direction of the third gear 34 to receive the third gear 34 and prevent its rotation. I do.

When lifting or lowering the load using the winch 10 provided with the reverse rotation braking device of the present invention, the load is suspended on the hook 8, the drum 11 of the winch 10 is rotated forward to wind the wire 16, and the hook 8 and the lifting The load is hoisted, the drum 11 of the winch 10 is rotated in the reverse direction, and the wire 16 is fed to lower the hook 8 and the suspended load.

 The operation of the reverse rotation braking device of the present invention will be described.

The case of hoisting the suspended load will be described. When the first gear 27 is rotated forward (rotation in the winding direction) by the hydraulic motor, the first gear 27 moves in a direction approaching the second gear 29 while rotating by screwing with the drive shaft 23, The gear 29 is pressed and pressed against the disk 28. Thereby, the first gear 27, the second gear 29, and the disk 28 are integrated with the friction plates 31, 32 therebetween, and the clutch is turned on, and the rotation of the first gear 27 and the second gear 29 The power is transmitted to the drive shaft 23 via the disk 28. Winch via gears 26 and 15 by rotation of drive shaft 23
The ten drums 11 rotate in the winding direction. For this reason, the drum 11 winds the wire 16 and raises the suspended load.

By the rotation of the second gear 29, the rotation is transmitted to the third gear 34, and the third gear 34 is similarly rotated forward. Here, as shown in FIG. 3, when the third gear 34 rotates in the forward direction (winding direction), the one-way clutch 38 tilts the sprag 41 in the rotation direction of the third gear 34, Parry 34 and allow its rotation. That is, since the retainers 39 and 40 and the spring 42 hold the sprag 41 so as to be free from the forward rotation of the third gear 34, the rotation of the third gear 34 is not blocked. Rotate. As a result, the rotation of the second gear 29 is also allowed, and the rotation is transmitted by the clutch.

The time when the suspended load is lowered will be described. When the first gear 27 is rotated in reverse (rotation in the lowering direction) by the hydraulic motor, the first gear 27 moves away from the second gear 29 while rotating by screwing with the drive shaft 23, The gear 29 is pressed to release the state of being pressed against the disk 28. This disengages the clutch and frees the disc 28 with respect to the first gear 27. Then, the drive shaft 23 is directly rotated by the rotation of the first gear 27, and the drum 11 of the winch 10 further rotates in the lowering direction. For this reason, the drum 11 draws out the wire 16 and lowers the suspended load. That is, the drive shaft 23 and the drum 11 rotate at a rotation speed corresponding to the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor to perform the lowering operation. This state is continued when the rotation speed of the drive shaft 23 and the drum 11 does not exceed the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor.

As the lowering work progresses and the suspended load descends, the rate of descending of the suspended load increases due to the gravitational acceleration.
The rotation speed of 11 and the drive shaft 23 increases. When the rotation speed of the drive shaft 23 exceeds the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor, the first gear 27 rotates in the forward rotation direction relative to the drive shaft 23, and at the same time, the first gear 27 Second gear 29
Move closer to. Thereby, the second gear 29 is pressed and pressed against the disk 28. As a result, the first gear 27, the second gear 29, and the disk 28 are integrated with the friction plates 31, 32 therebetween, and the clutch is turned on. The reverse rotation of the first gear 27 causes the second gear 29 to rotate. Transmitted to the second gear 29
Rotates in reverse.

However, as shown in FIG. 4, when the third gear 34 rotates in the reverse direction (downward direction), the sprag 41
Receiving the third gear 34 inclining in the direction of rotation of 34, the third gear 34 is prevented from rotating. That is, when the third gear 34 rotates in the reverse direction,
Each sprag 41 of the one-way clutch 38 is pushed by the third gear 34 and tilts in the rotation direction, but each sprag 41 is locked by the fixed shaft 35 and held by the retainers 39 and 40 and the spring 42, and tilts. In this state, the third gear 34 is received and locked.
Thus, the reverse rotation of the third gear 34 is prevented. As a result, the rotation of the second gear 29 is stopped and the second gear 29 stops. Therefore, when the first gear 27 is pressed against the friction plate 31 attached to the stopped second gear 29, the reverse rotation is suppressed by the frictional resistance, and the rotation speed is greatly reduced. As a result, the rotation speeds of the drive shaft 22 and the drum 11 decrease, and the suspended load gradually descends. Therefore, drum 11
Perform the lowering operation safely while maintaining the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor.

The sprag-type one-way clutch 38 used in this embodiment is configured such that when the third gear 34 rotates reversely, each sprag 41 stops the rotation of the third gear 34 in a very short time, that is, a small movement. I do. Therefore, when the third gear 34 rotates in the reverse direction, each sprag 41 instantaneously rotates the third gear 34.
Stop reverse rotation of. For this reason, there is almost no time delay between the time when the third gear 34 starts reverse rotation and the time when the third gear 34 stops, and as a result, the suspended load rapidly descends beyond the constant descending speed. Immediately after that, the descending speed of the suspended load can be requested instantaneously, and it is safe because it does not stop quickly.

In addition, since the one-way clutch 38 does not have a portion that is hit during operation, no noise is generated. In addition, since the one-way clutch 38 can generally use a commercially available general-purpose product, the winch is used.
There is no need to specially fabricate the parts according to the use of 10.

In this embodiment, a third gear 34 is used as an outer ring provided outside the one-way clutch 38, and this gear 34 is provided so as to mesh with the second gear 29 on the side of the second gear 29. . That is, by providing the one-way clutch 38 on the side of the clutch, the axial length of the drive shaft 23 is reduced,
The width of the drive device 12 of the winch 10 is reduced. Further, since the gear of the third gear 34 is a small gear compared to the second gear 29, the torque transmitted to the one-way clutch 38 is small, and the clutch is smaller than that provided directly on the drive shaft 23. The capacity is small.

When the reverse rotation device can be miniaturized in this way, when the winch 10 equipped with the reverse rotation device is provided on the crane 5 mounted on the truck 1 in FIGS. 6 and 7,
The turning radius of the turning post 6 can be reduced, and the space of the crane body mounting section 4 of the truck 1 can be reduced. In FIG. 7, O is a turning center.

That is, the crane mounting space of the truck 1 is determined by the turning radius of the turning post 6, and the turning radius of the turning post 6 is determined by the size of the driving device (reduction gear) 12 of the winch 10 and the size of the cylinder 9. Also, the external dimensions of the post 6 and the winch 10
Since the size of the drum 11 is determined by the performance and strength of the crane 5, it is required to reduce the size of the drive device 12 of the winch 10. From these facts, using the reverse rotation device of the present embodiment is useful for reducing the size of the drive device 12 and reducing the space for the crane body mounting portion 4 of the truck 1.

FIG. 5 shows a one-way clutch equipped portion in another embodiment of the reverse rotation braking device. In this embodiment, a rotating shaft 42 provided with a third gear 34 is supported by bearings 45 and 46 provided on a housing 21 and a cover 44 attached to the housing 21 with bolts 43. The one-way clutch 38 is provided between them, so that the same operation as that described above can be obtained.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but can be implemented with various modifications.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, since the clutch is used in one fragrance to brake the reverse rotation of the drive shaft, the reliability of the reverse rotation braking operation is high, and the noise is low. An economical reverse rotation control device can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 to 4 show an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a reverse rotation braking device taken along a line AA in FIG.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are enlarged views of a part of the one-way clutch, and FIG. 5 is a one-way clutch equipment part of the reverse-rotation braking device of another embodiment. FIG. 6 is a view showing a crane mounted on a car, FIG.
The figure shows a cross section of the post part of the crane. 21 ... housing, 23 ... drive shaft, 27 ... first gear, 28 ... disk, 29 ... second gear, 34 ... third gear, 38 ... one-way clutch, 41 ... Sprag.

Continued on the front page (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B66D 1/16 B66D 3/14 B66D 3/16 B66D 5/00 B66D 5/02 B66D 5/06 B66D 5/18 B66D 5 / 20

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] A drive shaft for rotating a driven rotary body, a drive-side rotary body screwed to the drive shaft so as to be rotatable and movable, and a driven-side rotary body fixed to the drive shaft. When the drive-side rotator rotates and moves in one direction, the two rotators are combined so that rotation is transmitted from the drive-side rotator to the drive shaft via the driven-side rotator, and the drive-side rotator is connected to the other. A clutch in which both rotating bodies are separated from each other when the rotating body moves in the direction and the rotation is transmitted from the driving-side rotating body to the drive shaft; and the driven-side rotating body rotates in one direction when the driving-side rotating body of the clutch rotates in one direction. The rotation of the drive-side rotator is allowed when the rotation is transmitted to the drive-side rotator, and the drive-side rotator is rotating in the other direction to transmit the rotation to the drive shaft, and the driven rotator is rotated. The rotation of the drive shaft causes the rotation speed of the drive shaft to rotate. Reverse rotation braking device comprising comprising a one-way clutch for braking the rotation of the driving-side rotator when equipped with speed.