JP2773145B2 - Document shaping method and document processing device - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a document shaping method and a document processing apparatus in a document processing system such as a word processor, and more particularly, to a method in which the end of each line is correctly aligned and each character in the line is appropriate. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a document shaping method and a document processing apparatus capable of obtaining high-quality documents arranged at an appropriate interval.

(Prior art)

In a conventional document processing system, when aligning the line end positions under the condition that a plurality of types of characters having different character widths are mixed in a document, for example, as described in JP-A-61-118866, Unconstrained processing is performed unconditionally, thereby determining the distribution of characters for each line, and then correcting the line length.

That is, first, characters are arranged in each line according to the width of each character and the natural length of the character interval to be placed between the characters. Next, prohibition processing is performed, and if there is a prohibition target character at the beginning or end of a line, it is moved to the previous or next line. Finally, the process proceeds to the correction of the line length, and adjustment is performed by expanding and contracting the character spacing in the line so that the line length of each line matches the length specified in advance.

At the time of this line length correction, the expansion allowable ratio and the contraction allowable ratio of the character interval are determined in accordance with the combination of the types of the adjacent characters, and the expansion (or contraction) of an amount proportional to these is assigned. The balance of character arrangement was not lost.

However, according to this method, the deterioration of the document quality caused by the character spacing deviating from the optimum value and the deterioration of the document quality caused by the placement of the prohibited character in an exceptional position are comprehensively determined. No consideration was given to the placement of the characters.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

In the above-mentioned prior art, the prohibition processing is first performed unconditionally, and thereby the distribution of characters to each line is determined, and then the line length is corrected. However, depending on circumstances such as the allowable amount of expansion and contraction and the type of prohibited characters, it may be possible to obtain better results without performing prohibition processing.

For example, if the line length is short and the number of characters that can be arranged in a line is small, and if the amount of correction required to align the end of the line is large, the space between characters is too long (or too tight) and the readability is greatly impaired. Will be

On the other hand, depending on the type of prohibited character, even if it is arranged in an exceptional position, the readability is not significantly impaired.

For example, repetitive sounds ("ゃ", "tsu", etc.) are generally treated as non-starter characters, but to the extent that their readability is impaired by placing them at the beginning of a line, the same punctuation marks are used. Considerably less than etc.

Therefore, when it is necessary to increase the correction amount of the line length to perform the prohibition processing, it may be better not to perform the prohibition processing. However, in the above-described related art, no consideration is given to the trade-off between the prohibition processing and the correction amount of the line length, and the prohibition processing is performed unconditionally.

For this reason, depending on the condition, there is a problem that, in comparison with a case where the prohibition processing is not performed, only a low-quality output may be obtained.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve such problems and reduce the document quality caused by the character spacing deviating from the optimum value, and the document quality caused by placing prohibited characters in exceptional positions. And a document processing method and apparatus that can determine the distribution of characters for each line and the arrangement of each character within a line so that the highest quality output is finally obtained. To provide.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the document shaping method of the present invention comprises:
A document shaping method for shaping the arrangement of characters to be displayed in document processing, wherein a line length per line at the time of display is determined, and an optimum value of a character interval from adjacent characters and expansion and contraction from an optimum value are allowed in advance. When the character is arranged with the optimum value, and the character extends beyond the line length, the optimum value is expanded and contracted within a range not exceeding the allowable expansion and contraction amount. (2) The character that protrudes from the end of the line, (2) the character that protrudes to the beginning of the next line, and the character that immediately precedes the character that protrudes to the end of the line, and either (1) or (2) above. Thus, the character arrangement is shaped by arranging the characters.

The document processing apparatus according to the present invention further includes a line length determining unit that determines a line length per line when displaying, and an optimal value of a character interval between adjacent characters in advance and a contraction / expansion permitting expansion / contraction based on the optimal value. Character spacing determining means for determining the capacity, and expansion / contraction loss determining means for determining an expansion / contraction loss corresponding to the amount of expansion / contraction indicating a decrease in document quality caused by expanding / contracting the optimum value determined by the character spacing determining means. A forbidden loss amount determining means for determining a forbidden loss amount caused by arranging the forbidden character at an exceptional position in accordance with a type of the forbidden character and an arrangement position of the forbidden character; and the character spacing determining means. When the characters are arranged with the determined optimum value, if the characters protrude from the line length determined by the line length determining means, the optimum value is expanded and contracted within a range not exceeding the allowable expansion and contraction amount. Line length (2) The character immediately before the protruding character is arranged at the end of the line and the protruding character is arranged at the beginning of the next line. ) And a loss amount calculating means for calculating a total loss amount which is a sum of the expansion loss amount and the forbidden loss amount when the arrangement is performed, and a character for arranging the character with a smaller total amount calculated by the loss amount calculating means. And arranging means.

[Action]

In the present invention, when a character string is input when creating a document, first, an optimum value of a character interval to be placed between the adjacent character types, an allowable expansion amount, and an allowable contraction amount are determined in accordance with a combination of types of adjacent characters. Each input character is first arranged in order from the beginning of the line according to its unique width and optimum character spacing.

Further, when the character sequence reaches the end of the line and the next character does not fall within the predetermined line length as it is, (1) the character is transferred to the next line and the remaining character string is determined. When the character is pushed to the end of the line and the entire character string is compressed to the specified line length, the value of the total loss (sum of expansion loss and forbidden loss) for each case where the character string is compressed to the specified line length Is calculated.

Then, the character string to be assigned to the line is determined by selecting the one with the smaller total loss.

Next, each character interval is expanded (or contracted) so that the length of the character string matches the determined line length. In this case, when assigning expansion (or contraction) to each character interval, by assigning an amount proportional to the extension allowable amount (or contraction allowable amount) of each character interval,
Make sure that the balance of character arrangement is not lost.

In this way, by determining the character string to be arranged in each line and the character spacing between the characters in the line, the end of the line is always correctly aligned, and the space having the appropriate width is arranged between the characters. High quality output can be obtained.

〔Example〕

 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a document processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The document processing system according to the present embodiment includes a central processing unit (CP)
U) 201, main memory (MEM) 202, frame memory (FM)
203, CRT controller (CRTC) 204, display device (CRT) 205, bitmap processor (BMP) 206, system bus 207, keyboard 208, mouse 209, keyboard interface (KB I / F) 210, floppy disk device 211, hard disk Device 212, floppy disk interface (FD I / F) 213, hard disk interface (HD I / F) 214, laser beam printer (LB
P) 215, a printer interface (PR I / F) 216, and a communication interface (COMM I / F) 217.

The CPU 201 includes a microprocessor, peripheral circuits, and the like, and the MEM 202 stores programs and data. The FM 203 holds bit map data corresponding to the entire display screen, and the content is converted into a display signal by the CRTC 204 and displayed on the CRT 105. Also BMP206
Has a function of performing graphic drawing, filling, block transfer, and the like on the contents of the FM 203, and enables high-speed display updating. A system bus 207 connects these devices.

The keyboard 208 is for inputting character data, and the mouse 209 is a device for specifying a position.
It is connected to the system bus 207 via / F210. Also, the floppy disk device 211 and the hard disk device 212
Is an auxiliary storage device for holding programs and document files, and is connected to the system bus 207 via the FD I / F 213 and the HD I / F 214, respectively. LBP215 also
This is a high-resolution output device for printing a document, and is connected to a system bus 207 via a PR I / F 216. Also COMM I / F21
7 connects the system to external networks and communication lines.

It should be noted that other configurations are also conceivable for the hardware configuration, and it is possible to partially change and implement the configuration.

FIG. 3 is a functional configuration diagram of a document processing program according to one embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the document processing program 301 shown in FIG. 3 performs editing, shaping, printing, etc. of the document according to the operation of the user.

The document processing program 301 includes a user interface control unit 302, a file input / output control unit 303, an edit control unit 30
4. It comprises a shaping control unit 305, a print control unit 306, and a document data management unit 307.

The user interface control unit 302 displays document data, an operation menu, and the like on a display screen, and analyzes and executes an operation instruction input by a user. The file input / output control unit 303 performs input / output of document data with respect to a document file. The edit control unit 304 performs editing operations such as insertion / deletion / replacement / search of a character string. In addition, the shaping control unit 305 performs shaping processing such as changing the font and size of characters and aligning the end of a line. The print control unit 306 transfers the formatted document data to the output device and performs printing.
Further, the document data management unit 307 holds document data composed of character string data, format information, and the like on a memory, and manages the document data.

The operating system 308 controls execution of various business programs including the document processing program 301, and manages various hardware devices included in the document processing system. When the document processing program 301 accesses a document file or various hardware devices, the processing is performed via the operating system 308.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an outline of the whole shaping process in one embodiment of the present invention.

In the present embodiment, a process of reading an input character string from a user (or an existing document file or the like) and arranging it while adjusting the length of each line so that the length of each line matches a predetermined line length is described below. It is shown as in FIG.

That is, first, the presence or absence of an input character is determined (101), and if there is an input character, it is read (102).

Next, the character width is determined from the character code, font and size of the read character (103).

Further, the attribute (optimal value, allowable expansion amount, allowable contraction amount) of the character space to be placed between the character and the character immediately before it is obtained (104). In this case, these attributes are determined according to the combination of the types of adjacent characters (Kanji and Kana, Kana and English, etc.).

Next, it is determined whether or not the character can be arranged at the end of the line at an optimum character interval (105).

As a result, if there is sufficient space, the character is directly arranged at the end of the line at the optimum character interval (106), and the process returns to step 101.

When there is not enough space (including when the space is 0)
To do so, you need to decide whether to move the character to the next line or to push it to the end of the line. Therefore, the character is transferred to the next line, and the total loss P _x that occurs when the remaining character string is extended to a specified line length (hereinafter, referred to as “exclusion”), the character is pushed to the end of the line, and the entire character string is pushed. If you have contracted pressed mixed with the specified line length (hereinafter referred to as the "thrust") is determined and the total loss P _r occurring (107,10
8).

Note that the total loss is the expansion loss, which is a value indicating a decrease in the document quality caused by expanding or contracting each character interval from its optimum value, and the document loss caused by arranging the prohibited characters in exceptional positions. It is the sum of the prohibition loss, which is a value indicating a decrease.

Next, compared with the total loss P _r and the total loss P _x (109),
The character distribution with the smaller value, that is, the one with less decrease in document quality as a whole is selected.

Result of the comparison, the smaller the better of total losses P _x, transferred to the character at the beginning of the next line (110), also the smaller the better of total losses P _r, as it leaves the end of the line.

Next, so that the line length matches the length specified in advance,
The adjustment is performed by extending (or contracting) each character interval in the line (111). In this case, the required elongation (or shrinkage)
Is assigned to each character interval, by assigning an amount proportional to the allowable extension amount (or the allowable contraction amount) of each character interval, so that the character arrangement balance of the entire line is not impaired.

After finishing the line length correction in this way, the process moves to the next line (112), and returns to step 101. These processes are repeated as long as there are input characters, and the entire process ends when the input is completed.

Next, in the shaping process according to the present embodiment, the process of determining the distribution of characters to each line will be described in detail.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a character spacing table according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a prohibited character table according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows a process.

In the present embodiment, when determining the distribution of characters, a character space table indicating the correspondence between the combination of types of adjacent characters and the attribute of the character space (optimum value, allowable expansion amount, allowable contraction amount) to be placed therebetween is set. Used. This character spacing table is
It is shown in the figure that, for example, when a kanji character is followed by a kana character, the optimal value of the character spacing is 10, but the allowable expansion amount is 20 and the allowable contraction amount is 5. In other words, the optimum character spacing in this combination is 10, but if expansion and contraction is required to correct the line length, the character spacing can be expanded and contracted in a range of a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 30. .

Also, when determining the distribution of characters,
A forbidden character table is used which indicates a correspondence with a decrease in document quality (forbidden loss) caused when the character is placed at the beginning or end of the line. This forbidden character table is shown in FIG. 5. From this table, if a forbidden character "." Is placed at the beginning of a line, a forbidden loss of 1000 points occurs, but the forbidden character is also a "forbidden character". In the case of "ゃ", it is understood that the prohibition loss is only 300 points.

The values of the document shaping parameters including the contents of these tables are appropriately selected and used in accordance with the format of the document. It is also possible for the user to specify these values interactively.

FIG. 6 shows a process of allocating a character string to each line while referring to these tables.

First, (a) shows a state in which characters C [1], C [2],... Are arranged in order from the beginning of the line with their unique character widths and optimum character spacing. In this case, if the line length specified in advance is L, the character C [n] cannot be arranged in the line as it is.

Therefore, as in (b), the character C [n] is turned to the beginning of the next line, and the remaining character strings are extended and arranged, or as in (c), the character C [n] is pushed into the end of the line.
It is necessary to select either to shrink the whole and to arrange it.

Now, _assuming that the natural length of a character string from character C [1] to character C [i] (length when each character is arranged at an optimum character interval) is L _n (i), Letter C
Elongation amount Y _x required when turning [n] to the next line is expressed by the following equation. In the following equations, _Cw [i] represents the character width of the ith character C [i] from the beginning. Also, the i-th character interval from the head, that is, C [i] and C [i +
1] is represented by S _o [i], the allowable extension is represented by S _x [i], and the allowable contraction is represented by S _r [i].

Similarly, shrinkage amount Y _r required when pressing the letter C [n] at the end as in (c) is represented by the following equation.

In addition, regarding the expansion loss, "The expansion loss is the allowable expansion amount (and the allowable contraction amount) of each character interval included in the line.
Stretch amount necessary line length modification to the sum of (or shrinkage amount) Defining a percentage proportional ", the value of the expansion loss PS _x occurring when performing the flush, the necessary amount of extension relative elongation capacity of the total The ratio is given by the following equation.

Note that K is a proportional constant.

Similarly, the value of the expansion loss PS _r occurring when performing thrust given by the following equation as a ratio of the desired amount of shrinkage to total shrinkage allowance.

Next, prohibition loss will be described.

In this embodiment, the value of the forbidden loss that occurs when the character C is placed at the beginning and end of the line is obtained by referring to the forbidden character table shown in FIG. When those values are represented by Ph (C) and Pt (C), the prohibition loss PKx in performing the eviction is the prohibition loss caused by the character C [n-1] being arranged at the end of the line and the prohibition loss PK _x [N] is the sum with the prohibition loss caused by being placed at the beginning of the line, and is expressed by the following equation.

_{PK x = Pt (C [n} -1]) + Ph (C [n]) Similarly, prohibition loss PK _r for performing thrust includes a prohibition losses caused by the letter C [n] is placed at the end of the line , Character C [n + 1] at the head of the line, and is represented by the following equation.

PK _r = Pt (C [n]) + Ph (C [n + 1]) When the values of the stretching loss and the forbidden loss are obtained,
The total loss is calculated as their sum.

That is, the total loss P _x in the case to be flushed as (b) is expressed by the following equation.

P _x = PS _x + PK _x Also, the total loss when performing a run-in as in (c)
_Pr is represented by the following equation.

P _r = PS _r + PK _r Accordingly, the character distribution may be determined by selecting the smaller one of these values. That is, smaller than the P _r towards P _x, determines that the reduction it is more document quality eviction is small, be flushed. P _x is _Pr
If the size is larger, it is determined that the run-in has less decrease in the document quality, and the run-in is performed.

Next, a method of determining the distribution of characters to each line and then adjusting the line length of each line to a predetermined length will be described in detail.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing details of the character space correction amount calculation processing in one embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, when to be flushed, in order to prolong to a length that is pre-specified line length, as in the expansion amount of the whole line is required expansion amount Y _x, unless assigned elongation to each character spacing No. When performing thrust also as the amount of shrinkage of the entire line is required contraction amount Y _r, you must allocate contracts in each character spacing.

In this case, an extension (or contraction) of an amount proportional to the extension allowable amount (or contraction allowable amount) of each character interval is assigned to each character interval so that the balance of the character arrangement in the line is not lost.

Therefore, the necessary expansion and contraction amount for the entire line is Y, the total number of character intervals included in the line is N, and the allowable expansion and contraction amount of each character interval is S _v [i] (i = 1, 2,..., N). If the sum is TS,
The correction amount F [i] to be assigned to each character interval is represented by the following equation.

F [i] = Y · ( _Sv [i] / TS) Note that the accuracy of character spacing adjustment provided by the document processing system is not always sufficiently high. It is necessary to allocate the correction amount such that the ratio between the partial sum of the correction amount of the above and the partial sum of the allowable amount of expansion and contraction from the beginning of the line is always closest to the ratio between the required expansion amount and the total sum of the allowable expansion amount.

In the present embodiment, the procedure for calculating the correction amount assigned to each character interval is shown in FIG.

That is, first, the counter i is reset (701), and the partial sum SS of the allowable amount of expansion and contraction and the partial sum FS of the correction amount are initialized to 0 (702).

 Next, the counter i is incremented (703).

Further, the allowable expansion / contraction amount of the i-th character interval is S
_{v Since} it is [i], it is added to the partial sum SS of the allowable amount of expansion and contraction. The correction amount F assigned to this character interval
[I] can be obtained by subtracting the sum of the already-assigned correction amounts from the sum of the correction amounts to be assigned up to the character interval, and is given by the following equation.

F [i] = Y · ( SS / TS) -FS Thus, by adding the S _v [i] to the partial sum SS telescopic allowance allocated to i-th character spacing correction amount F Request [i] (704 ).

Next, after adding the obtained correction amount to the partial sum FS (705),
The counter i is compared with the total number N of character intervals (706).

As a result, if i is less than N, the process proceeds to the next character interval, and returns to step 703. If i is N, the process ends.

Here, when extending the line length (in the case of eviction), the correction amount F corresponding to the optimum value S _o [i] of each character interval is set.
The corrected character spacing is obtained by adding [i], and each character in the line is arranged using the corrected character spacing. Conversely, when the line length is contracted (in the case of run-in), a corrected character spacing is obtained by subtracting the corresponding correction amount F [i] from the optimum value S _o [i] of each character spacing, and using these. To place each character in the line.

In the present embodiment, the value of the expansion / contraction loss is simply proportional to the ratio of the required amount of expansion / contraction to the sum of the allowable amount of expansion / contraction. However, for example, it is assumed that these values are proportional to the square of this ratio. It is also possible to define this as some function determined by the relationship

Further, in this embodiment, 1 which does not enter the end of the line as it is
For characters only, it is determined whether to pass it to the next line or push it to the end of the line, but it is also possible to evaluate the character string of several characters at the end of the line and extend it to find the optimal line break position It is possible.

In this embodiment, only the case where input character strings are arranged in order has been described. However, the present invention can also be applied to a case where a document is reformatted after an editing operation such as insertion or deletion.

〔The invention's effect〕

According to the present invention, when performing shaping in order to align the line end positions of each line, a decrease in the document quality caused by the character spacing deviating from the optimum value, and the prohibited characters are arranged at exceptional positions. Since it is judged comprehensively that the resulting document quality will deteriorate, it is possible to determine the optimal character arrangement.

In addition, when correcting the line length, it is possible to appropriately adjust the character spacing so that the balance of the character arrangement as a whole is not impaired.

Therefore, it is possible to always obtain easy-to-read high-quality output regardless of differences in conditions such as the type of prohibited characters and a margin for correcting line length.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an outline of the whole shaping process in one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a document processing system in one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a document in one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a character spacing table according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a prohibited character table according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a character string distribution process in the example, and FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing details of a correction amount calculation process in one embodiment of the present invention. 201: Central processing unit (CPU), 202: Main memory (MEM), 203:
Frame memory (FM), 204: CRT controller (CRTC), 2
05: Display device (CRT), 206: Bitmap processor (BMP), 207: System bus, 208: Keyboard, 209: Mouse, 210: Keyboard interface (KB I / F), 211:
Floppy disk drive, 212: Hard disk drive, 213:
Floppy disk interface (FD I / F), 214: Hard disk interface (HD I / F), 215: Laser beam printer (LBP), 216: Printer interface (PR I / F), 217: Communication interface (COMM I / F) ), 30
1: Document processing program, 302: User interface control unit, 303: File input / output control unit, 304: Edit control unit, 305: Shaping control unit, 306: Print control unit, 307: Document data management unit, 308:
Operating system, C [1] to C [n]: character,
L: line length specified in advance, Y _x : required elongation, Y _r : required shrinkage.

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A document shaping method for shaping the arrangement of characters to be output, wherein a line length per line and an amount of space between characters at the time of output are determined in advance. In the case of protruding from the line length, calculate the prohibition loss amount indicating the degradation of the document quality caused by arranging the prohibition target character in an exceptional position for the relevant line. At the end of the line, (2) the protruding character is at the beginning of the next line, and the character immediately before the protruding character is at the end of the line, so that it is either (1) or (2).
A document shaping method characterized by shaping the character arrangement by selecting and arranging according to the calculated prohibition loss amount. 2. A document shaping method for shaping the arrangement of characters to be output, wherein a line length per line and an amount of space between characters at the time of output are determined in advance. In the case of protruding from the line length, the amount of expansion / contraction loss indicating the deterioration of the quality of the document caused by expanding / contracting the character interval is calculated for the line. (1) Characters protruding from the line length are added to the end of the line, (2) ) The protruding character is placed at the beginning of the next line, and the character immediately preceding the protruding character is placed at the end of the line, so that it is either (1) or (2) above.
A document shaping method characterized by shaping the character arrangement by selecting and arranging according to the calculated expansion loss amount. 3. The document shaping method according to claim 2, wherein when the characters are arranged at the above-mentioned interval amount and the characters protrude from the line length, the quality of the document caused by arranging the prohibited characters at an exceptional position is improved. The prohibition loss amount indicating the decrease is calculated for the row, and is set to be one of the above (1) and (2).
A character shaping method characterized by shaping a character arrangement by selecting and arranging according to the calculated expansion loss amount and the calculated prohibition loss amount. 4. A document processing apparatus for shaping the arrangement of characters to be output, comprising: an arrangement means for arranging characters at a predetermined amount of character spacing; A prohibition loss amount calculating means for calculating, for the line, a prohibition loss amount indicating a decrease in the quality of the document caused by placing the prohibition target character at an exceptional position, Any character that extends beyond the length is at the end of the line, (2) The character that extends is at the beginning of the next line, and the character immediately before the character that extends is at the end of the line, either (1) or (2) above. So that
A document processing apparatus comprising: a layout unit that shapes and arranges a character by selecting and arranging according to the calculated prohibition loss amount. 5. A document processing apparatus for shaping the arrangement of characters to be output, comprising: an arrangement means for arranging characters at an interval of a predetermined character interval; When the character extends beyond the line length, the expansion / contraction loss amount calculating means for calculating the expansion / contraction loss amount indicating the deterioration of the quality of the document caused by expanding / contracting the character spacing for the line. At the end of the line, (2) the protruding character is at the beginning of the next line, and the character immediately before the protruding character is at the end of the line, so as to be one of (1) and (2) above.
A document processing apparatus, comprising: a layout unit that shapes and arranges characters by selecting and arranging the characters in accordance with the calculated expansion / contraction loss amount.