JP2754619B2 - Electrostatic toner - Google Patents

Electrostatic toner

Info

Publication number
JP2754619B2
JP2754619B2 JP63306504A JP30650488A JP2754619B2 JP 2754619 B2 JP2754619 B2 JP 2754619B2 JP 63306504 A JP63306504 A JP 63306504A JP 30650488 A JP30650488 A JP 30650488A JP 2754619 B2 JP2754619 B2 JP 2754619B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
toner
fine particles
inorganic fine
och
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP63306504A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH02150858A (en
Inventor
一郎 出水
純二 町田
政裕 安野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Minolta Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Minolta Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minolta Co Ltd filed Critical Minolta Co Ltd
Priority to JP63306504A priority Critical patent/JP2754619B2/en
Publication of JPH02150858A publication Critical patent/JPH02150858A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2754619B2 publication Critical patent/JP2754619B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00Developers
    • G03G9/08Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09708Inorganic compounds
    • G03G9/09716Inorganic compounds treated with organic compounds

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は電子写真に於ける静電荷像を現像するための
現像剤に使用されるトナーに関する。
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a toner used as a developer for developing an electrostatic image in electrophotography.

従来技術および課題 直接又は間接電子写真現像方式に於いては、光導電体
面に所要の静電荷模様(潜像)を形成し、この潜像上
に、これと反対の電荷を有する着色粉末(トナー)を含
む現像剤を接触させ前記トナーを付着させ可視像を得て
いる。
2. Description of the Related Art In a direct or indirect electrophotographic development system, a required electrostatic charge pattern (latent image) is formed on a photoconductor surface, and a colored powder (toner) having an opposite charge is formed on the latent image. ) Is brought into contact with the developer to adhere the toner to obtain a visible image.

潜像の現像は、トナーとキャリアとの混合系現像剤を
用いたカスケード現像法もしくは磁気ブラシ現像法によ
るか、又はトナーのみからなる現像剤を用いたタッチダ
ウン現像法、非磁性一成分現像法などにより、行なわれ
ており、通常、これらのトナーの流動性を高めるため
に、トナーにシリカ、アルミナ、酸化チタン等の微粒子
が添加され、また、これらの微粒子の添加は、ホッパー
や現像器内でのトナー凝集防止、トナークリーニング性
改良にも効果がある。
The latent image is developed by a cascade development method or a magnetic brush development method using a mixed developer of a toner and a carrier, or a touch-down development method using a developer composed of only a toner, and a non-magnetic one-component development method. Usually, fine particles such as silica, alumina, and titanium oxide are added to the toner in order to enhance the fluidity of the toner, and the addition of these fine particles is performed in a hopper or a developing device. Is also effective in preventing toner aggregation and improving toner cleaning properties.

しかし、流動化剤として使用される無機微粒子は、一
般的には親水性であるため、高温高湿条件下では、帯電
量が低下し、トナー飛散や地肌カブリが発生する。この
ためこれらの無機微粒子は疎水化処理することが知られ
ている(例えばUSP−3720617号、特開昭48−47345号公
報、特開昭48−47346号公報、特公昭54−20344号公
報)。しかしながら、帯電の立ち上がり等で問題があっ
た。
However, since the inorganic fine particles used as a fluidizing agent are generally hydrophilic, the charge amount is reduced under high temperature and high humidity conditions, and toner scattering and background fog occur. For this reason, it is known that these inorganic fine particles are subjected to a hydrophobic treatment (for example, US Pat. No. 3,720,617, JP-A-48-47345, JP-A-48-47346, and JP-B-54-20344). . However, there was a problem in the rise of charging and the like.

特開昭48−47345号公報および特開昭48−47346号公報
には、疎水化処理した二酸化ケイ素の微粉末を用いるこ
とが開示されている。二酸化ケイ素粒子表面のシラノー
ル基を有機ケイ素化合物と反応させて疎水化を行なって
いるものの、疎水化度および帯電性については充分と言
えず、例えば帯電の立ち上がり、高温多湿時において、
トナーの流動性が低下する。
JP-A-48-47345 and JP-A-48-47346 disclose the use of hydrophobized silicon dioxide fine powder. Although the silanol groups on the surface of the silicon dioxide particles are hydrophobized by reacting with the organosilicon compound, the degree of hydrophobicity and the chargeability are not sufficient.For example, at the start of charging, at high temperature and humidity,
The fluidity of the toner decreases.

特公昭54−20344号公報には、速水性シリカ微粉末を
用いた負帯電性トナーが開示されている。例えば、シリ
カのシラノール基をメチル基等の疎水基で置換したシリ
カは負極性の帯電性に優れるものの、帯電の立ち上がり
等が不充分であり、接触現像方式、高速現像方式等で問
題がある。
Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-20344 discloses a negatively chargeable toner using fine silica powder. For example, silica obtained by substituting a silanol group of silica with a hydrophobic group such as a methyl group is excellent in negative chargeability, but has insufficient rise of charge and the like, and has a problem in a contact developing method, a high-speed developing method, and the like.

発明が解決しようとする課題 本発明は以上のような問題を解決し、流動性のみなら
ず、帯電の立ち上がりにも優れたトナーを提供すること
を目的とする。
Problems to be Solved by the Invention It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a toner which is excellent not only in fluidity but also in rising charge.

課題を解決するための手段 すなわち、本発明の目的は、少なくとも下記一般式
[I]: M(OR)n [I] (式中、Mは金属イオン、Rは炭素数1〜4の低級アル
キル基、nは金属イオンの酸化数を表す)で示される金
属アルコキシドで処理した非磁性無機微粒子を外添する
ことにより達成できる。
Means for Solving the Problems That is, an object of the present invention is to provide at least the following general formula [I]: M (OR) n [I] (wherein M is a metal ion, and R is lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) The group and n represent the oxidation number of the metal ion) can be achieved by externally adding nonmagnetic inorganic fine particles treated with a metal alkoxide represented by the following formula:

無機微粒子としては、従来から流動化剤として一般に
使用されているもの、たとえば二酸化ケイ素、ケイ酸ア
ルミニウム、ケイ酸マグネシウム、二酸化チタン、アル
ミナ、炭酸カルシウム、チタン酸バリウム、酸化亜鉛又
はそれらの混合物等の非磁性微粒子を使用することがで
きる。従来流動化剤として使用されている無機微粒子で
あっても、磁性を有するものは、トナーから遊離し、現
像スリーブあるいはキャリアに付着する点で好ましくな
い。
As the inorganic fine particles, those generally used as a fluidizing agent conventionally, for example, silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, titanium dioxide, alumina, calcium carbonate, barium titanate, zinc oxide or a mixture thereof Non-magnetic fine particles can be used. Even inorganic fine particles which have been conventionally used as a fluidizing agent are not preferable because those having magnetic properties are released from the toner and adhere to the developing sleeve or carrier.

これらの無機微粒子は平均粒径が1mμ〜2μm、好ま
しくは5mμ〜1μmであり、金属アルコキシドで処理す
る前に100℃以上の温度で加熱処理を施すことが好まし
い。
These inorganic fine particles have an average particle diameter of 1 μm to 2 μm, preferably 5 μm to 1 μm, and are preferably subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 100 ° C. or more before the treatment with the metal alkoxide.

非磁性無機微粒子を処理する金属アルコキシドは、下
記一般式[I); M(OR)n ……[I] 〔式中、Mは金属イオンを表わし、Rは低級アルキル基
を表わし、nは、金属イオンの酸化数を示す〕で表され
る。
The metal alkoxide for treating the nonmagnetic inorganic fine particles is represented by the following general formula [I]; M (OR) n ... [I] [wherein M represents a metal ion, R represents a lower alkyl group, and n represents Shows the oxidation number of metal ion].

式[I]中、Mは金属イオンを表わし、具体的にはL
i、Be、B、Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、K、Ca、Ti、V、F
e、Ga、Ge、Y、Zr、Nb、Sn、Sb、La、Hf、Ta、W、C
e、Nd、Sm、Gd、Ho、Er、Yb等の金属イオンである。好
ましくは、Si、Ti等の金属イオンである。
In the formula [I], M represents a metal ion.
i, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, F
e, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Nb, Sn, Sb, La, Hf, Ta, W, C
e, metal ions such as Nd, Sm, Gd, Ho, Er, and Yb. Preferably, metal ions such as Si and Ti are used.

R1はメチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチル等の低級アル
キル基を表わす。
R 1 represents a lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and the like.

nは金属イオンMの酸化数を示す。 n indicates the oxidation number of the metal ion M.

一般式[I]で表される金属アルコキシドの具体例と
してはLi(OEt)、Be(OEt)、B(OEt)、Na(OE
t)、Mg(OEt)、Al(Oi−Pr)、Si(OEt)、P
(OEt)、PO(OMe)、K(OEt)、Ca(OEt)、Ti
(Oi−Pr)、V(Oi−Pr)、Fe(OEt)、Ca(OE
t)、Ge(OEt)、Y(Oi−Pr)、Zr(Ot−B
u)、Zr(On−Bu)、Nb(OEt)、Sn(Ot−B
u)、Sn(On−Bu)、Sb(OEt)、Sb(OEt)、L
a(Oi−Pr)、Hf(OEt)、Ta(OEt)、W(OEt)
、Ce(Oi−Pr)、Nd(Oi−Pr)、Sm(Oi−P
r)、Gd(Oi−Pr)、Ho(Oi−Pr)、Er(Oi−P
r)、Yb(Oi−Pr)等が挙げられる。
Specific examples of the metal alkoxide represented by the general formula [I] include Li (OEt), Be (OEt) 2 , B (OEt) 3 , and Na (OE
t), Mg (OEt) 2 , Al (Oi-Pr) 3 , Si (OEt) 4 , P
(OEt) 3 , PO (OMe) 3 , K (OEt), Ca (OEt) 2 , Ti
(Oi-Pr) 4 , V (Oi-Pr) 4 , Fe (OEt) 3 , Ca (OE
t) 3 , Ge (OEt) 4 , Y (Oi-Pr) 3 , Zr (Ot-B
u) 4 , Zr (On-Bu) 4 , Nb (OEt) 5 , Sn (Ot-B
u) 4 , Sn (On-Bu) 4 , Sb (OEt) 5 , Sb (OEt) 3 , L
a (Oi−Pr) 3 , Hf (OEt) 4 , Ta (OEt) 5 , W (OEt)
5 , Ce (Oi-Pr) 4 , Nd (Oi-Pr) 3 , Sm (Oi-P
r) 3 , Gd (Oi-Pr) 3 , Ho (Oi-Pr) 3 , Er (Oi-P
r) 3 , Yb (Oi-Pr) 3 and the like.

無機微粒子を金属アルコキシドで処理する方法として
は、まず、金属アルコキシドをアルコール(例えばエタ
ノール)溶媒に水および酸(例えば塩酸)とともに、
〔水〕/〔金属アルコキシド〕の比が0.1〜50、好まし
くは1〜30、[酸]/〔金属アルコキシド〕の比が0.00
1〜1となるように加え、20℃〜90℃に加熱して均質な
混合液を調整する。次に、この溶液中に無機微粒子を投
入し、均一混合撹拌を行ないながら、溶液の温度を20〜
80℃に保ち、金属アルコキシドの加水分解縮合を進行さ
せ、無機微粒子表面の溶液をゲル化させ、試料を溶液槽
外へ取り出し、適当な温度(100〜500℃)で加熱処理を
行なう。その際、金属アルコキシド基中のアルキル基が
なくなるようにする。アルキルが残ると流動性、耐湿性
に悪影響を及ぼす。
As a method of treating inorganic fine particles with a metal alkoxide, first, a metal alkoxide is added to an alcohol (eg, ethanol) solvent together with water and an acid (eg, hydrochloric acid).
The ratio of [water] / [metal alkoxide] is 0.1 to 50, preferably 1 to 30, and the ratio of [acid] / [metal alkoxide] is 0.00
Add to 1 to 1 and heat to 20 to 90 ° C to prepare a homogeneous mixture. Next, the inorganic fine particles are charged into this solution, and while the solution is being uniformly mixed and stirred, the temperature of the solution is set to 20 to
While maintaining the temperature at 80 ° C., the hydrolysis and condensation of the metal alkoxide is advanced, the solution on the surface of the inorganic fine particles is gelled, the sample is taken out of the solution tank, and heat treatment is performed at an appropriate temperature (100 to 500 ° C.). At that time, the alkyl group in the metal alkoxide group is eliminated. If the alkyl remains, it has an adverse effect on fluidity and moisture resistance.

その他の方法としては、無機微粒子を転動流動槽等内
で転動させながら、上記溶液または金属アルコキシド自
体の溶液をスプレーし、その後加熱処理を行なう方法が
挙げられる。この場合、試料表面には、金属アルコキシ
ド溶液を付着させてもよいし、金属アルコキシドをガス
化して付着させてもよい。
As another method, there is a method in which the above-mentioned solution or a solution of the metal alkoxide itself is sprayed while the inorganic fine particles are tumbled in a tumbling fluidized tank or the like, and then a heat treatment is performed. In this case, the metal alkoxide solution may be adhered to the sample surface, or the metal alkoxide may be gasified and adhered.

また、無機微粒子と金属アルコキシド−アルコール−
水分散溶液をスプレードライ法等の方法により気相中に
噴霧乾燥した後、加熱処理を施す方法でもよい。
In addition, inorganic fine particles and metal alkoxide-alcohol-
A method in which a water dispersion solution is spray-dried in a gas phase by a method such as a spray-drying method and then subjected to a heat treatment may be used.

無機微粒子は、疎水性を付与するためにさらにカップ
リング剤で処理を施してもよい。
The inorganic fine particles may be further treated with a coupling agent to impart hydrophobicity.

疎水化剤としての処理剤も用いると環境条件、特に湿
度の影響による特性変化を抑制する上で有効である。こ
のような疎水化剤としてはシラン系、チタネート系、ア
ミン系、フッ素系等、各種のカップリング剤が用いられ
る。シラン系ではクロロシラン、アルキルシラン、アル
コキシシラン、シラザン等を挙げることができる。具体
的には例えば ・CH3SiCl3 ・(CH32SiCl2 ・(CH33SiCl ・CH3Si(OCH3 ・CH3Si(OCH2CH3 ・(CH33Si(OCH3) ・(CH32Si(OCH3 ・(CH32Si(OCH2CH3 ・Si(OCH2CH3 ・Si(OCH3 ・CH3(H)Si(OCH3 ・CH3(H)Si(OCH2CH3 ・(CH3(H)Si(OCH2CH3 ・(CH33SiNHSi(CH3 ・CH3(CH217Si(CH3)(OCH3 ・CH3(CH217Si(OCH3 ・CH3(CH217Si(OC2H5 ・CH3(CH23Si(CH32Cl ・CH3(CH217Si(CH32Cl ・CH3(CH217Si(CH3)Cl2 ・CH3(CH217SiCl3 等を挙げることができる。
The use of a treating agent as a hydrophobizing agent is effective in suppressing a change in characteristics due to environmental conditions, particularly humidity. As such a hydrophobizing agent, various coupling agents such as silane, titanate, amine and fluorine are used. In the silane system, chlorosilane, alkylsilane, alkoxysilane, silazane and the like can be mentioned. Specifically, for example: CH 3 SiCl 3. (CH 3 ) 2 SiCl 2. (CH 3 ) 3 SiCl CH 3 Si (OCH 3 ) 3 CH 3 Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 3. (CH 3 ) 3 Si (OCH 3 ) ・ (CH 3 ) 2 Si (OCH 3 ) 2・ (CH 3 ) 2 Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 2・ Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 4・ Si (OCH 3 ) 4・ CH 3 (H) Si (OCH 3 ) 2 · CH 3 (H) Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 2 · (CH 3 ) 2 (H) Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) · (CH 3 ) 3 SiNHSi (CH 3 ) 3 · CH 3 (CH 2 ) 17 Si (CH 3 ) (OCH 3 ) 2 · CH 3 (CH 2 ) 17 Si (OCH 3 ) 3 · CH 3 (CH 2 ) 17 Si (OC 2 H 5 ) 3 .CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 Si (CH 3 ) 2 Cl.CH 3 (CH 2 ) 17 Si (CH 3 ) 2 Cl.CH 3 (CH 2 ) 17 Si ( CH 3 ) Cl 2 .CH 3 (CH 2 ) 17 SiCl 3 .

チタネート系では、例えば (C8H17)−O4Ti・[PO−C13H272OH] 等を挙げることができる。In the titanate system, for example, (C 8 H 17) -O 4 Ti · [PO-C 13 H 27) 2 OH] 2 And the like.

アミン系カップリング剤としては ・H2N(CH22NH(CH23Si(OCH3 ・H2N(CH22NH(CH23Si(CH3)(OCH3 ・H2N(CH22NH(CH23Si(OCH3 ・H2N(CH22NH(CH22NH(CH23Si(OCH3 ・H2N(CH23Si(OCH3 ・C6H5NH(CH23Si(OCH3 およびそれらの混合物があげられる。Examples of the amine-based coupling agent include: H 2 N (CH 2 ) 2 NH (CH 2 ) 3 Si (OCH 3 ) 3 .H 2 N (CH 2 ) 2 NH (CH 2 ) 3 Si (CH 3 ) (OCH 3 ) 2 · H 2 N (CH 2 ) 2 NH (CH 2 ) 3 Si (OCH 3 ) 3 · H 2 N (CH 2 ) 2 NH (CH 2 ) 2 NH (CH 2 ) 3 Si (OCH 3 ) 3 · H 2 N (CH 2 ) 3 Si (OCH 3) 3 · C 6 H 5 NH (CH 2) 3 Si (OCH 3) 3 And mixtures thereof.

フッ素系のカップリング剤としては、フッ素系のシラ
ンカップリング剤、例えば、 ・CF3(CH22SiCl3 ・CF3(CF25SiCl3 ・CF3(CF2(CH22SiCl3 ・CF3(CF2(CH22SiCl3 ・CF3(CF27CH2CH2Si(OCH3 ・CF3(CF2(CH22Si(CH3)Cl3 ・CF3(CH22Si(OCH3 ・CF3(CH22Si(CH3)(OCH3 ・CF3(CF2(CH22Si(OCH3 ・CF3(CF2(CH22Si(OCH3 ・CF3(CF26CONH(CH22Si(OC2H5 ・CF3(CF26COO(CH22Si(OCH3 ・CF3(CF2(CH22Si(OCH3 ・CF3(CF2(CH22Si(CH3)(OCH3 ・CF3(CF27SO2NH(CH23Si(OC2H5 ・CF3(CF2(CH22Si(OCH3 および、それらの混合物が挙げられる。
As the fluorine-based coupling agent, a fluorine-based silane coupling agent, for example, CF 3 (CH 2 ) 2 SiCl 3 CF 3 (CF 2 ) 5 SiCl 3 CF 3 (CF 2 ) 5 (CH 2 ) 2 SiCl 3 · CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 (CH 2 ) 2 SiCl 3 · CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 CH 2 CH 2 Si (OCH 3 ) 3 · CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 (CH 2 ) 2 Si (CH 3 ) Cl 3 · CF 3 (CH 2 ) 2 Si (OCH 3 ) 3 · CF 3 (CH 2 ) 2 Si (CH 3 ) (OCH 3 ) 2 · CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 (CH 2 ) 2 Si (OCH 3 ) 3 · CF 3 (CF 2 ) 5 (CH 2 ) 2 Si (OCH 3 ) 3 · CF 3 (CF 2 ) 6 CONH (CH 2 ) 2 Si (OC 2 H 5 ) 3. CF 3 (CF 2 ) 6 COO (CH 2 ) 2 Si (OCH 3 ) 3 · CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 (CH 2 ) 2 Si (OCH 3 ) 3 · CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 (CH 2 ) 2 Si (CH 3) (OCH 3) 2 · CF 3 (CF 2) 7 SO 2 NH (CH 2) 3 Si (OC 2 H 5) 3 · CF 3 (CF 2) 8 (CH 2) 2 Si ( OCH 3 ) 3 and mixtures thereof.

以上のようにして得られる非磁性無機微粒子が添加さ
れるトナー種類としては、特に制限されるのでないが、
例えば熱可塑性樹脂、着色剤および/または荷電付与剤
などを混合混練したあと、粉砕分級してトナーを得る粉
砕法トナー、またはモノマーに着色剤および/または荷
電付与剤を分散して、これを重合して得られる懸濁重合
トナー、または着色剤とワックスなどの低軟化点物質あ
るいは定着用樹脂を含んだ液体等の周りを、これらより
も軟化点の高い壁剤(カプセル殻)でくるんだカプセル
トナー、または表面に光導電性物質をコートした光導電
性トナー等を挙げることができる。
The type of toner to which the non-magnetic inorganic fine particles obtained as described above are added is not particularly limited,
For example, a pulverization method in which a thermoplastic resin, a colorant and / or a charge imparting agent are mixed and kneaded, and then pulverized and classified to obtain a toner, or a colorant and / or a charge imparting agent is dispersed in a monomer and polymerized. Capsules wrapped around a suspension-polymerized toner, or a liquid containing a low-softening substance such as a colorant and wax or a liquid containing a fixing resin, with a wall material (capsule shell) having a higher softening point than these. Examples thereof include a toner and a photoconductive toner having a surface coated with a photoconductive substance.

非磁性無機微粒子は、トナーに外添加して使用され、
その添加量は、トナーに対して0.01〜5重量%、好まし
くは0.1〜3重量%である。添加量が0.01重量%より少
ないときは非磁性無機微粒子を添加する効果がなく、5
重量%より多いときはトナー飛散が多く、地肌カブリが
発生する。
Non-magnetic inorganic fine particles are used by being externally added to the toner,
The amount added is 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the toner. When the addition amount is less than 0.01% by weight, there is no effect of adding the non-magnetic inorganic fine particles, and
When the amount is more than the weight%, the toner is scattered so much that the background fog occurs.

本発明に従い、金属アルコキシドで処理した非磁性無
機微粒子を添加するとトナー流動性、帯電の立ち上がり
等の帯電特性が改良される。これらの改良は非磁性無機
微粒子表面に形成された金属を中心としたネットワーク
構造および、この中心金属特性が1つの要因と考えられ
る。
Addition of non-magnetic inorganic fine particles treated with a metal alkoxide according to the present invention improves toner fluidity and charging characteristics such as rising charge. These improvements are considered to be caused by the network structure centered on the metal formed on the surface of the non-magnetic inorganic fine particles and the characteristic of the central metal.

以下、実施例をもって本発明を説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.

製造例I 金属アルコキシドSi(OC2H5のエタノール−水−
塩酸系混合溶液10gを準備した。無機微粒子としてコロ
イダルシリカ(AEROSIL200;日本アエロジル社製)50gを
高速ミキサーに入れ、撹拌しながら上記混合溶液を約5
分間で徐々にミキサーに添加した。添加後ミキサーの内
容物をさらに約10分間強く撹拌した。得られた混合溶液
を恒温槽中120℃の温度下で加熱した後、凝集シリカを
解砕し、得られたシリカ微粒子を無機微粒子aとした。
Production Example I Metal alkoxide Si (OC 2 H 5 ) 4 ethanol-water-
10 g of a hydrochloric acid-based mixed solution was prepared. 50 g of colloidal silica (AEROSIL200; manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) as inorganic fine particles is put into a high-speed mixer, and the above mixed solution is mixed for about 5 with stirring.
Minutely added to mixer over minutes. After the addition, the contents of the mixer were stirred vigorously for about another 10 minutes. After heating the obtained mixed solution in a thermostat at a temperature of 120 ° C., the aggregated silica was crushed, and the obtained silica fine particles were used as inorganic fine particles a.

製造例II 金属コロイドTi(OC2H5のエタール−水系混合溶
液を、無機微粒子コロイダルシリカ(AEROSIL 130;日
本アエロジル社製)に噴霧した後、徐々に120℃に昇温
した。得られたシリカ微粒子を無機微粒子bとした。
Production Example II An ethanol-water mixed solution of metal colloid Ti (OC 2 H 5 ) 4 was sprayed on inorganic fine particle colloidal silica (AEROSIL 130; manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), and then gradually heated to 120 ° C. The obtained silica fine particles were used as inorganic fine particles b.

製造例III ヘキサメチルジシラザン3gをテトラヒドロフラン10g
に溶解した溶液を準備した。無機微粒子として、コロイ
ダルシリカ(AEROSIL 200;日本アエロジル社製)50gを
高速ミキサーに入れ、撹拌しながら上記混合溶液を約5
分間で徐々にミキサーに添加した。添加後、ミキサーの
内容物をさらに約10分間強く撹拌した。得られた混合溶
液を恒温槽中150℃の温度下で加熱した後、凝集シリカ
を解砕し、得られたシリカ無機微粒子を無機微粒子Cと
した。
Production Example III 3 g of hexamethyldisilazane in 10 g of tetrahydrofuran
Was prepared. As inorganic fine particles, 50 g of colloidal silica (AEROSIL 200; manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) is put into a high-speed mixer, and the above mixed solution is stirred for about 5 minutes with stirring.
Minutely added to mixer over minutes. After the addition, the contents of the mixer were stirred vigorously for about another 10 minutes. After heating the obtained mixed solution in a thermostat at a temperature of 150 ° C., the aggregated silica was crushed, and the obtained silica inorganic fine particles were used as inorganic fine particles C.

キャリアの製造 成 分 重量部 ポリエステル樹脂 (軟化点123℃、ガラス転移点 65℃、AV23、OHV40) 100 Fe−Zn系フェライト微粒子 MFP−2(TDK社製) 500 カーボンブラック (三菱化成工業社製;AM#8) 2 上記材料をヘンシェルミキサーにより十分混合、粉砕
し、次いでシリンダ部180℃、シリンダヘッド部170℃に
設定した押し出し混練機を用いて、溶融、混練した。混
練物を放置冷却後、フェザーミルを用いて粗粉砕し、さ
らにジェットミルで微粉砕した後、分級機を用いて分級
し、平均粒径60μmのキャリアを得た。
Manufacturing Component Parts by weight polyester resin of the carrier (softening point 123 ° C., a glass transition point 65 ℃, AV23, OHV40) (manufactured by TDK Corporation) 100 Fe-Zn ferrite fine particles MFP-2 500 Carbon black (Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd .; AM # 8) 2 The above-mentioned materials were sufficiently mixed and pulverized by a Henschel mixer, and then melted and kneaded using an extruder kneader set at a cylinder section of 180 ° C. and a cylinder head section of 170 ° C. The kneaded product was left to cool, coarsely pulverized using a feather mill, finely pulverized using a jet mill, and then classified using a classifier to obtain a carrier having an average particle diameter of 60 μm.

実施例I ・スチレン/n−ブチルメタクリレート共重合樹脂(数
平均分子量n:9,300、重量平均分子量w:213,900
w/n:23 軟化点 130℃,ガラス転移点60℃) 100重量部 ・カーボンブラックMA#8(三菱化成社製)5重量部 ・荷電制御剤 スピロンブラックTRH(保土谷工業社
製) 2重量部 ・オフセット防止剤 ビスコール550P(三洋化成工業
社製) 5重量部 上記の原料をヘンシェルミキサーで混合した後、2軸
混練押出機で混練後冷却した。
Example I A styrene / n-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin (number average molecular weight n: 9,300, weight average molecular weight w: 213,900)
w / n: 23 Softening point 130 ° C, glass transition point 60 ° C) 100 parts by weight ・ 5 parts by weight of carbon black MA # 8 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei) ・ Charge control agent Spiron Black TRH (manufactured by Hodogaya Industries) 2 5 parts by weight Viscol 550P (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 5 parts by weight After mixing the above raw materials with a Henschel mixer, the mixture was kneaded with a biaxial kneading extruder and then cooled.

混練物を粗粉砕し、ジェット粉砕機で粉砕し風力分級
機により5〜25μm(平均粒径11.3μm)のトナーを得
た。
The kneaded material was coarsely pulverized, pulverized by a jet pulverizer, and a toner having a particle size of 5 to 25 μm (average particle size of 11.3 μm) was obtained by an air classifier.

上記のトナー100重量部に製造例Iの疎水性微粒子a
を0.15重量部を加え、ヘンシェルミキサー1000rpmで1
分間処理し、トナーAを得た。このようにして作製され
たトナーAをバインダー型キャリア(キャリア製造例)
800重量部に対して64重量部を加え、二成分現像剤を作
製し、帯電量測定、実写テスト、環境テストを実施し
た。帯電量は−13.4μC/gであった。
The hydrophobic fine particles a of Production Example I were added to 100 parts by weight of the above toner.
0.15 parts by weight, and add 1 part with a Henschel mixer at 1000 rpm.
After that, the toner A was obtained. The toner A thus produced is used as a binder type carrier (carrier production example).
A two-component developer was prepared by adding 64 parts by weight to 800 parts by weight, and a charge amount measurement, an actual photographing test, and an environmental test were performed. The charge amount was -13.4 μC / g.

上記現像剤を電子写真複写装置EP−870Z(ミノルタカ
メラ社製)で耐刷テストを行なったところ約10万枚コピ
ーの実写においても画像にカブリがない鮮明な画像が得
られた。
When the above developer was subjected to a printing durability test using an electrophotographic copying machine EP-870Z (manufactured by Minolta Camera Co., Ltd.), a clear image free of fog was obtained even in actual copying of about 100,000 copies.

さらに高温多湿(温度35℃、湿度85%)の環境下にお
いてもカブリがなく非常に良好であった。
Furthermore, it was very good without fog even in an environment of high temperature and high humidity (temperature 35 ° C, humidity 85%).

実施例II ・スチレン/n−ブチルメタクリレート/メタクリル酸
共重合樹脂(数平均分子量n:5,400、重量平均分子量
w:243,000、M/M:4.5 軟化点121℃、ガラス転移
点59℃、酸価14) 100重量部 ・カーボンブラックMA#100(三菱化成社製) 5重量
部 ・オフセット防止剤 ビスコール550P(三洋化成工業
社製) 5重量部 ・荷電制御剤 ニグロシンベースEX(オリエント化学
社製) 5重量部 上記の原料を実施例Iと同様な方法で5〜25μm(平
均粒径10.1μm)のトナーを得た。
Example II Styrene / n-butyl methacrylate / methacrylic acid copolymer resin (number average molecular weight n: 5,400, weight average molecular weight
w: 243,000, M / M: 4.5 Softening point 121 ° C, glass transition point 59 ° C, acid value 14) 100 parts by weight ・ Carbon black MA # 100 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd.) 5 parts by weight ・ Offset inhibitor Biscol 550P (Sanyo) 5 parts by weight Nigrosine base EX (manufactured by Orient Chemical Co.) 5 parts by weight A toner having a particle size of 5 to 25 μm (average particle diameter 10.1 μm) is obtained from the above raw materials in the same manner as in Example I. Was.

上記トナー100重量部に製造例IIIの疎水性微粒子bを
0.3重量部を加え、ヘンシェルミキサー1000rpmで1分間
混合し、トナーBを得た。このようにして得られたトナ
ーBをEP470Z(ミノルタカメラ社製)に替えた他は、実
施例Iと同様に評価した結果帯電量は、+12.9μC/gで
あり又カブリがなく非常に良好であった。
The hydrophobic fine particles b of Production Example III were added to 100 parts by weight of the toner.
To the mixture was added 0.3 parts by weight, and the mixture was mixed with a Henschel mixer at 1000 rpm for 1 minute to obtain a toner B. Evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Example I, except that the toner B thus obtained was replaced with EP470Z (manufactured by Minolta Camera Co., Ltd.). As a result, the charge amount was +12.9 μC / g, and there was no fogging. Met.

比較例I 実施例Iにおいて疎水性微粒子aの代りにアエロジル
200(日本アエロジル社製)を使用した以外は同様な方
法でトナーCを得た。
Comparative Example I In Example I, Aerosil was used in place of the hydrophobic fine particles a.
Toner C was obtained in the same manner except that 200 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was used.

このようにして得られたトナーCを実施例Iと同様に
して評価した結果、帯電量は−12.0μC/gであり、又、
耐刷テストより5万枚よりカブリが発生した。
The toner C thus obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example I. As a result, the charge amount was -12.0 μC / g.
Fog occurred from 50,000 sheets in the printing durability test.

以上の実施例および比較例の結果を表1に示した。 Table 1 shows the results of the above Examples and Comparative Examples.

なお、カサ比重は大きい程トナー流動性に優れている
ことを示している。
It is shown that the larger the bulk specific gravity, the better the toner fluidity.

発明の効果 本発明に従い、金属アルコキシドで処理した非磁性無
機微粒子をトナーに外添すると、流動性および帯電の立
ち上がりに優れたトナーを得ることができる。
Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, when non-magnetic inorganic fine particles treated with a metal alkoxide are externally added to a toner, a toner excellent in fluidity and charge rise can be obtained.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 安野 政裕 大阪府大阪市東区安土町2丁目30番地 大阪国際ビル ミノルタカメラ株式会社 内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭59−187354(JP,A) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Masahiro Anno 2-30 Azuchicho, Higashi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Inside Osaka International Building Minolta Camera Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-59-187354 (JP, A)

Claims (2)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】少なくとも下記一般式[I]: M(OR)n [I] (式中、Mは金属イオン、Rは炭素数1〜4の低級アル
キル基、nは金属イオンの酸化数を表す)で示される金
属アルコキシドで処理した非磁性無機微粒子を外添した
ことを特徴とする静電荷現像用トナー。
At least the following general formula [I]: M (OR) n [I] (wherein M is a metal ion, R is a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is an oxidation number of the metal ion. A non-magnetic inorganic fine particle treated with a metal alkoxide represented by the following formula:
【請求項2】無機微粒子が、二酸化ケイ素、ケイ酸アル
ミニウム、ケイ酸マグネシウム、二酸化チタン、アルミ
ナ、炭酸カルシウム、チタン酸バリウム、酸化亜鉛およ
びそれらの混合物からなるグループから選択される請求
項1記載のトナー。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic fine particles are selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, titanium dioxide, alumina, calcium carbonate, barium titanate, zinc oxide and mixtures thereof. toner.
JP63306504A 1988-12-02 1988-12-02 Electrostatic toner Expired - Lifetime JP2754619B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63306504A JP2754619B2 (en) 1988-12-02 1988-12-02 Electrostatic toner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63306504A JP2754619B2 (en) 1988-12-02 1988-12-02 Electrostatic toner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH02150858A JPH02150858A (en) 1990-06-11
JP2754619B2 true JP2754619B2 (en) 1998-05-20

Family

ID=17957823

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP63306504A Expired - Lifetime JP2754619B2 (en) 1988-12-02 1988-12-02 Electrostatic toner

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2754619B2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7749671B2 (en) 2005-09-15 2010-07-06 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Toner for developing a latent electrostatic image, image-forming method, image-forming apparatus and process cartridge using the same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010007905A1 (en) * 2008-07-18 2010-01-21 コニカミノルタビジネステクノロジーズ株式会社 Developing agent for electrophotography

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59187354A (en) * 1983-04-07 1984-10-24 Canon Inc Development method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7749671B2 (en) 2005-09-15 2010-07-06 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Toner for developing a latent electrostatic image, image-forming method, image-forming apparatus and process cartridge using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH02150858A (en) 1990-06-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JPH0566608A (en) Magnetic toner, image forming method, surface reformed fine silica powder and production thereof
JP2974452B2 (en) Magnetic toner
US20060147830A1 (en) Electrophotographic toner containing polyalkylene wax or high crystallinity wax
JP5450332B2 (en) Positively charged dry toner for electrophotography
JP2012063602A (en) Positively chargeable dry toner for electrophotography
JPS581157A (en) Preparation of electrophotographic toner
JPH0695426A (en) Dry toner for developing electrostatic charge image
JPS63139367A (en) Developer
JP3700263B2 (en) One-component developer and image forming method
JP2754619B2 (en) Electrostatic toner
JP2011043759A (en) Toner for electrostatic charge image development, and image forming apparatus and image forming method using the toner
JP2712356B2 (en) Electrostatic toner
JP2001083731A (en) Electrostatic charge image developing dry developer and method for developing electrostatic charge image
JP3123076B2 (en) Toner for developing electrostatic images
JPH04335359A (en) Electrophotographic developer
JP2712358B2 (en) Toner for developing electrostatic images
JPH09319135A (en) Toner composition for developing electrostatic charge image, electrostatic charge developer and image forming method
JP3074589B2 (en) Toner for developing electrostatic images
JP3598570B2 (en) Electrostatic image developer
JP2000267336A (en) Toner
JP3317143B2 (en) Multicolor image forming method
JP3331863B2 (en) Toner composition for electrostatic image development and image forming method
JPH049861A (en) Nonmagnetic toner
JPH04340970A (en) Negatively electrifying toner
JP3216628B2 (en) Electrostatic image developing toner and method for hydrophobizing inorganic fine particles externally added to the toner

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080306

Year of fee payment: 10

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090306

Year of fee payment: 11

EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term
FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090306

Year of fee payment: 11