JP2753490B2 - Seeding depth control device for sowing machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a technology for detecting moisture in soil and enabling control of seeding depth, soil covering amount, and suppression pressure according to the amount of moisture. It is.

(B) Conventional technology Fertilizer-seeding machines that simultaneously perform fertilization and sowing have been known. For example, as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 67-172309,
Seeds are dropped from the seed dispensing device through the guide pipe into the groove formed by the groove forming disc, and seeding is performed,
Groove depth by the groove disc is height adjustment of the hitch device connected to the rotary tilling device and height adjustment of the support rod of the groove disc, and the spring force interposed between the pivot shafts of the parallel link, It was determined by the weight of the seeding part, and the amount of soil covered by the soiling disk and the pressure of the pressure-reducing roller were determined by the height adjusting device of the hitch device, the weight of the hitch device, the spring force interposed in the parallel link, and the like.

(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in a field, the amount of water in the soil varies depending on the geographical conditions such as climate, drainage service, soil quality, and the like. If the water content is different.
Also, since the water required for germination varies depending on the type of seed to be sown, the sowing depth also varies accordingly. Therefore, an exact depth is required according to the soil conditions and seeds, but there has been no fertilizer sowing machine that changes the sowing depth according to the conditions.

(D) Means for Solving the Problems In view of the above, the present invention does not require the operator to judge the soil moisture at any time, and obtains the following sowing depth according to the type of seed. It is configured as follows.

In the sowing machine, the water content of the seeded soil is detected by using the electric conductivity, and the seeding structure and the seeding device are moved up and down according to the detected value of the water content to control the seeding depth.

(E) Embodiment The purpose of the present invention is as described above, and the configuration of the embodiment shown in the attached drawings will be described.

Fig. 1 is a side view of the entire fertilizer and seeder. Fig. 2 is a side view of the ditches, soil covering, and pressure suppression part. FIG. 3 is a rear cross-sectional view of the moisture sensor.
FIG. 4 is an electric and hydraulic circuit diagram. FIG. 5 is a side view of a fertilizer sowing machine showing another embodiment of a sowing depth control device.

1, the mounting hitch device B of the fertilizer sowing machine A is fixed to a depth bar 2 laid across the rear end of the depth frame 1 of the rotary tilling device R, and the mounting bar is mounted at the rear end of the mounting hitch device B. Are fixed on the mounting bar 3, and mounting frames 4, 4... Of the fertilizer sowing machines A, A,... The grounding wheel 8 is supported via the case, and the rotation of the grounding wheel 8 drives the fertilizer feeding device 5 and the seed feeding device 6 fixed to the rear surface of the mounting frame 4.

Hoppers 10 and 11 are placed on the fertilizer feeding device 5 and the seed feeding device 6, respectively. A seeding frame 14 is pivotally connected to the lower part of the mounting frame 4 via parallel inks 12 and 13, and the seeding frame 14 is Groove disk 15, soil cover disk
16, a pressure-reducing roller 17 is provided so that these seeding frame parts can be moved up and down in parallel, and the height adjusting device of the present invention is provided on each of the groove forming disk 15, the covering disk 16, and the supporting part of the pressure-reducing roller 17. -ing

That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a spring 20 is interposed between the pivotal shafts 21 and 22 on the diagonal line in the front-rear direction of the parallel links 12 and 13, and constantly urges the seeding frame downward with a constant force. It is designed to cope with unevenness in the field scene.

At the front end of the seeding frame 14, a mounting pipe 23 is fixed, a support rod 24 is inserted into the mounting pipe 23, a hydraulic cylinder 25 is fixed to the front of the mounting pipe 23, and a tip of a piston rod 25a of the hydraulic cylinder 25 is The hydraulic cylinder 25 is fixed to the support rod 24 so that the hydraulic cylinder 25 can be moved up and down by extending and retracting the hydraulic cylinder 25. The hydraulic cylinder 25 is provided with a position sensor 26 such as a potentiometer, etc.
The extension length of 25, that is, the position of the grooved disk 15 is detected. A grooved disk 15 is pivotally supported at the lower end of the support rod 24 in a V-shape in plan view.

Also, a mounting stay 27 is protrudingly provided on the side surface of the mounting pipe 23, a scraper 28 is protruded rearward from a tip of the mounting stay 27, and a rear end of the scraper 28 is brought into contact with the groove disc 15 to remove dirt and the like attached thereto. doing. And one side scraper
An angle sensor 29 composed of a rotary encoder or the like is attached to the mounting portion 28, and a sensor arm 29a projects downward and rearward from the angle sensor 29 to detect the ground height of the seeding frame 14.

A pivot shaft 31 for pivotally supporting the rear end of the parallel link 13 extends laterally, the upper end of the mounting arm 32 is pivotally supported, and the covering disc 16 is pivotally supported at the lower end of the mounting arm 32. A hydraulic cylinder 33 is interposed between the middle part of the mounting arm 32 and the seeding frame 14, and a position sensor 34 is attached to the hydraulic cylinder 33 in the same manner as described above, and the soil is covered by detecting the length of the piston rod 33a. The height of the disk 16 is detected.

In addition, a roller frame 35
Is pivoted, and a pressure-reducing roller is attached to the rear end of the roller frame 35.
17, a hydraulic cylinder 36 is interposed between a middle portion of the roller frame 35 and a rear end of the support stay 14a projecting rearward from the seeding frame 14, and a position sensor 37 is attached to the hydraulic cylinder 36 in the same manner as described above. And detects the height of the pressure-reducing roller 17.

As shown in FIG. 3, the structure of the pressure-reducing roller 17 is such that collars 39, 39 made of an insulator are provided at the rear ends of the roller frames 35, 35.
The roller shaft 40 is rotatably supported via the shaft, and the center of the roller 17a is fixed to the roller shaft 40. Conductor side plates 17b, 17b are attached to both sides of the roller 17a to serve as a moisture content sensor, and brushes 41, 41 project from the roller frames 35, 35 to abut against the side plates 17b, 17b. Let me.

A voltage is applied between the brushes 41, and when the pressure-reducing roller 17 is grounded, current flows from one side plate 17b to the other side plate 17b through the soil, and the current is reduced to the water content in the soil. Since it is proportional, if the current value is detected by the ammeter 42, the moisture content of the soil can be detected. However, a sensor for detecting the water content can be provided separately.

Groove disk 15, soil cover disk 16, pressure reduction roller
The position control of 17 is controlled by the electric and hydraulic circuits shown in FIG. That is, the position sensors 26, 34, and 37, the angle sensor 29, the ammeter 42, and the output of the pressure sensor 43 interposed between the hydraulic cylinder 36 and the electromagnetic valve 48 to detect the ground pressure of the pressure reduction roller 17. Is input to a control circuit 45 composed of a microcomputer or the like, and is also connected to an operation panel 44 provided near the driver's seat.

50 on the operation panel 44 is a power ON / OFF switch, 51
Is a manual / automatic changeover switch, 52 is a depth setting dial that can be arbitrarily adjusted (or initialized) by the seed or soil, and 53 is a sowing depth control that adjusts the tracking sensitivity when unevenness or moisture content changes drastically The sensitivity adjustment dials 54, 55, and 56 are position setting dials for the groove forming disk 15, the earth covering disk 16, and the pressure reduction roller 17 in the case of manual operation.

And solenoids 46a, 46b, 47a, 4 of electromagnetic valves 46, 47, 48 for expanding and contracting the hydraulic cylinders 25, 33, 36
7b, 48a and 48b are connected to the control circuit 45, and hydraulic oil is supplied to the electromagnetic valves 46, 47 and 48 from a hydraulic pump 57.
58 is a relief valve, 59 is a check valve.

FIG. 5 shows an angle sensor 29 for detecting the height of a seeding part and a hydraulic cylinder 60 for raising and lowering the seeding part in a conventional fertilizer sowing machine.
And a sensor is provided on the pressure-reducing roller 17 in the same manner as described above so as to detect moisture in the soil.
Is mounted as described above, and the hydraulic cylinder 60 is
Instead of 20, it is connected so that the entire seeding frame can be raised and lowered simultaneously according to the moisture content of the soil.

The groove disc 15 can adjust the relative height between the covering disc 16 and the pressure-reducing roller 17 by adjusting the supporting rod 24 up and down.The covering disc 16 is located between the mounting arm 32 and the seeding frame 14. By rotating the nut 61 screwed on the rod 62, the spring 63 externally fitted on the interposed rod 62 can change the spring pressure to change the soil covering amount, and can be set in advance according to seeds and soil. You can do it.

(F) Operation of the invention In such a configuration, when the moisture content is detected by the moisture sensor provided on the pressure-reducing roller 17 and it is detected that the moisture content in the soil is low, that is, the current value between the side plates 17b, 17b Is low, the solenoid 46a of the electromagnetic valve 46 is operated to feed oil to the hydraulic cylinder 25 to extend it, and the groove disc 15
Lower the seeding depth. Then, the depth is calculated from the signals of the angle sensor 29 and the position sensor 26, and when the depth reaches the depth corresponding to the water content set by the depth setting dial 52, the solenoid 46a is turned off and stopped at that height. It is. The depth adjustment dial 52 is set in consideration of seeds and soil. If the type of the seed is displayed on the scale of the depth adjustment dial 52, the operation is further simplified.

Also, since it is necessary to cover a lot of soil on the seed after sowing and to strongly suppress the pressure, the solenoid 47 of the electromagnetic valve 47 is required.
a, Activate the solenoid 48a of the electromagnetic valve 48 to extend the hydraulic cylinders 33 and 36 to lower the soil cover disk 16 and the pressure-reducing rod 17, and calculate the depth from the signals from the angle sensor 29 and the position sensors 34 and 37. Pressure sensor 43
The solenoids 47a and 48a are turned off when the depth and pressure are detected according to the water content.

Conversely, if the water content is high, the solenoid of the solenoid valve
Operate 46b / 47b / 48b respectively, and set the hydraulic cylinder 2
Hydraulic oil in 5, 33, 36 can be sent to the tank side, and by the reaction from the soil, the groove forming disk 15 and the covering disk 1
6. Raise the pressure-reducing roller 17 to the height corresponding to the water content, and if the depth matches the water content, the solenoids 46b and 4
7b and 48b are turned off.

(G) Effects of the Invention With the above configuration, the present invention has the following effects.

First, since the seeding depth can be automatically changed according to the water content of the field, seeds can be buried in the soil under the germination conditions of optimal moisture, and And so on, and their growth has improved.

Second, the seeding depth can be set according to the type of seed to be sowed, so that it is no longer necessary to adjust the heights of the groove forming disc, the soil covering disc, and the pressure reduction roller before the work.

Thirdly, since it is possible to separately lift and lower the groove forming disc, the soil covering disc, and the pressure-reducing roller, it is possible to easily follow small irregularities in the field, and to improve the seeding accuracy. It is.

[Brief description of the drawings]

Fig. 1 is a side view of the entire fertilizer and seeder. Fig. 2 shows the ditch, covering soil,
The side view of a suppression part. FIG. 3 is a rear cross-sectional view of the moisture sensor. FIG. 4 is an electric and hydraulic circuit diagram. FIG. 5 is a side view of a fertilizer sowing machine showing another embodiment of a sowing depth control device. 14… Seeding frame 15… Groove disk 16… Covering disk 17… Compression roller 24… Support rod 32… Mounting arm 35… Roller frame 25 ・ 33 ・ 36 ・ ・ ・ Hydraulic cylinder

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] In a sowing machine, a water content of a seeded soil is detected by using electrical conductivity, and a ditching device and a seeding device are moved up and down according to a detected value of the water content to control a seeding depth. A sowing depth control device for a sowing machine.