JP2734918B2 - Blood collection tube - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a blood collection tube used for separating a blood sample into serum and blood clots by centrifugation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a blood test, collected blood is separated by centrifugation into serum and blood cell components (blood clots), but the blood sample must be sufficiently coagulated before centrifugation. Insufficient coagulation may cause blood cells to rise with a slight impact after centrifugation and contaminate the serum layer, or fibrin may be generated in the serum layer to hinder a test using serum. Conventionally, in view of the speed and efficiency of blood tests,
Various materials and methods have been proposed for promoting coagulation of blood samples. As a first method for promoting blood coagulation, there is a method in which glass powder is placed at the bottom of a blood collection tube. In this method, an extremely fine glass powder is required in order to have an effect of accelerating blood coagulation and to obtain good dispersion in blood.

[0003] As a second method for promoting blood coagulation,
There is a method using a blood collection tube described in JP-B-59-6655. This blood collection tube is made by coating a material obtained by dispersing a blood coagulation accelerator, such as glass powder, on a substance that does not easily adhere to blood components, on the inner surface of a plastic blood collection tube. At this time, the blood clot is contracted without the blood component mainly composed of the blood clot adhering to the tube wall, and the blood coagulation proceeds as in the case of the glass blood collection tube.

[0004] As a third method for promoting blood coagulation,
There is a method using a blood collection tube described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-27933. This blood collection tube is a tube in which a carrier having a higher specific gravity than blood cells carries a powdery blood coagulation promoter via a binder soluble in serum, and when blood is put into the blood collection tube, as the binder dissolves, The blood coagulation accelerator is dispersed in the blood, so that a coagulation promoting effect can be obtained.

[0005]

However, these prior arts have the following problems. In the first method, blood cells may be destroyed by the glass powder, and if the blood collection tube is inverted or shaken before use due to a small amount of powder, the powder adheres to the cap or adheres to the blood. In some cases, it adhered to the inner wall of the upper part of the blood collection tube that was not touched and could not be separated. In the second method, it takes time and effort to apply a material in which a blood coagulation accelerator such as glass powder is dispersed in a substance that does not easily adhere to blood components to a blood collection tube and to dry it. After applying the blood, it is necessary to shake the blood collection tube lightly 5 to 6 times (mixing by inversion) in order to improve the dispersion of the coagulation accelerator after the applied trace becomes dirty and impairs the appearance. Further, the third method uses a carrier having a higher specific gravity than blood, so that the coagulation accelerator has poor dispersibility. Further, when the carrier pushes a blood clot to reach the tube bottom during centrifugation, the blood cells are destroyed. There is a possibility that.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide a blood collection tube capable of rapidly and reliably coagulating blood.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has a specific gravity between serum and blood cells and is between 0.05 mm and 1.0 mm.
A pellet formed on a surface of a granular core material having a particle diameter, formed of an adhesive layer made of a material in which a powdery blood coagulation accelerator is dispersed in a water-soluble and blood-inactive binder, is placed in a tube body. A blood collection tube characterized by being present on the inner wall of the blood collection tube.

[0008]

The above-mentioned pellets are made of a material obtained by dispersing a powdery blood coagulation accelerator in a water-soluble and blood-inactive binder on the surface of a granular core material having a specific gravity between serum and blood cells. When a blood sample is injected into a blood collection tube, the pellets fly up and disperse evenly in the blood, and the binder in the adhesion layer on the pellet surface dissolves in the blood, resulting in powdered blood. The procoagulant is released into the blood and is uniformly dispersed to promote coagulation of the blood.
The core material of the pellet aggregates at the boundary between the separated serum and the clot during centrifugation and does not hinder the collection of serum.

[0009]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a blood collection tube according to the present invention. The blood collection tube 1 is configured by housing a granular pellet 3 containing a blood coagulation promoter in a plastic blood collection tube main body 2. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the pellets 3 agglomerate into a cluster and adhere to the bottom surface of the blood collection tube main body 2; It may be thinly attached to the bottom or inner wall of the tube so that the pellet 3 does not separate when inverted. A cap 2a is attached to the upper opening of the tube body 2.

As shown in FIG. 2, the pellets 3 are obtained by dispersing a finely powdered blood coagulation accelerator 5 in a water-soluble and blood-inactive binder on the surface of a plastic small spherical core 4. It is constituted by covering an adhesion layer 6 made of a material. The core material 4 preferably has a specific gravity between serum and blood clot, that is, a specific gravity in the range of 1.04 to 1.055, and a particle size in the range of 0.05 mm to 1.0 mm.
If the specific gravity of the core material 4 is out of the above range, when the coagulated blood is centrifuged, the core material floats on the serum layer and hinders the sampling of serum, or sediments below the clot layer. Pushing the blood clot and causing blood cell destruction. When the specific gravity of the core material 4 is within the above range, the pellets 3 are uniformly dispersed in the blood at the time of blood injection, and the core material 4 is located between the serum layer and the clot layer when the coagulated blood is centrifuged. Gather.
Examples of the material having such specific gravity include polystyrene resin and ABS resin, and a material whose specific gravity is adjusted by mixing a filler with polyethylene or polypropylene can be used. When the particle size of the core material 4 is smaller than 0.05 mm, the pellets are apt to aggregate with each other, and are difficult to be dispersed when blood is injected. There is a possibility that it will not adhere to the cap or the inner wall surface of the upper part of the pipe main body which does not come into contact with the cap and will not drop. On the other hand, when the particle size of the core material 4 is larger than 1.0 mm, the dispersibility in blood is deteriorated.

The adhesion layer 6 formed on the surface of the core material 4 is made of a material in which a fine powdery blood coagulation accelerator 5 is dispersed in a water-soluble and blood-inactive binder. As the blood coagulation promoter 5, inorganic material fine powder such as glass fine powder, silica fine powder, and diatomaceous earth is preferably used. As the binder, water-soluble silicone, polyethylene glycol, dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like are preferably used.

For example, the pellet 3 is dissolved by adding a solvent such as ethanol to a binder, adding a blood coagulation promoter to the solution, dispersing the pellet uniformly, and immersing the core material in this and drying it. And can be easily manufactured. The amount of the blood coagulation accelerator per pellet and the amount of the pellet per blood collection tube are not particularly limited, but the amount of the blood coagulation accelerator added per blood collection tube is about 1 to 5 mg. The storage capacity of pellets per piece is 0.05 to 0.5
It is desirable to set the value to about g.

FIGS. 3 to 6 illustrate the operation of separating blood using the blood collection tube 1 provided with the pellet 3. As shown in FIG. 3, when the collected blood is injected into the tube main body 2 of the blood collection tube 1 with the cap removed, the pellets 3 contained in the tube main body 2 are dispersed in the blood 7 as if they fluttered. . And, as shown in FIG.
The pellet 3 is dispersed in the infused blood 7 and the binder contained in the adhesion layer 6 on the surface of the pellet 3 is dissolved out into the blood 7, so that the blood coagulation promoter 5 in the adhesion layer 6
Is released into the blood 7 and is uniformly dispersed in the entire area of the blood 7 due to turbulence when the blood 7 is injected. Therefore, in order to uniformly disperse the blood coagulation promoter 5, the blood coagulation promoter 5 is extremely uniformly dispersed only by injecting the blood 7 into the tube main body 2 without inverting or shaking the blood collection tube. It becomes possible.

Next, the blood tube 7 is allowed to coagulate by allowing the tube body 2 to stand still. The coagulation of blood occurs more quickly by uniformly dispersing the blood coagulation promoter 5 in the whole region of the blood, and the blood coagulates as shown in FIG. It can be separated. Then, this is centrifuged to completely separate the serum 8 and the blood clot 9 as shown in FIG. At that time, since the core material 4 as the remaining part of the pellet 3 has an intermediate specific gravity between the serum and the clot, it gathers in the middle between the serum 8 and the clot 9 to prevent the sampling of the serum 8. Does not.

(Experimental example) A blood collection tube having a capacity of 10 ml made of polypropylene was used. Blood coagulation accelerators
High-purity synthetic spherical silica (Adumafine SO-C3 manufactured by Tatsumori Co., Ltd., average particle size 0.85 μm) was used. Polyethylene glycol # 300 was used as a binder. The pellet core material is a polystyrene pellet (MS
-171 specific gravity 1.05, particle size 0.4-0.2 mm). 10 g of silica, 25 g of polyethylene glycol,
A liquid prepared by mixing 465 g of ethanol was prepared, and 750 g of a core material was put into the liquid. After drying at a temperature of 80 ° C. for about 20 minutes, ethanol was spattered to produce pellets. When a small amount of this pellet is placed in a glass blood collection tube and water is injected little by little along the wall of the tube, the pellets that have aggregated in a dumpling at the bottom of the tube are separated very easily into individual pellets, and soar into the water by the water flow. It was observed that the silica adhered to the pellets was rapidly dispersed in water.

0.23 g of the pellet was weighed and placed in a polypropylene blood collection tube. It is calculated that about 3 mg of silica is adhered to the 0.23 g pellet. The pellets placed in the blood collection tube adhered to each other in a dumpling manner at the bottom of the tube, and did not move even when the tube was swung, and were stable. 7 ml of blood was injected into the blood collection tube containing the pellet. Observation at 2 hours after blood injection showed that coagulation was sufficient and clot degeneration was progressing. Then this is 1000
After centrifugation at G × 10 minutes, the serum and the clot were completely separated. The centrifuged serum was stirred with a small spoon to examine the presence or absence of fibrin. It was confirmed that no fibrin was generated in the serum and blood coagulation was complete.

(Comparative Example) About 7 ml of blood was injected into the same polypropylene blood collection tube as in the experimental example. However, in this comparative example, the blood collection tube was not subjected to the coagulation promoting treatment. After standing for 2 hours, the mixture was centrifuged at 1000 G for 10 minutes. As a result, serum and blood clots were once separated, but fibrous fibrin was generated in the serum. The clot layer is not completely coagulated,
A large amount of liquid blood cell fluid remained. Further, the fibrin was removed from the serum, transferred to a small glass container, and stirred with a spoon to generate fibrin, which was entangled with the spoon.

[0018]

As described above, the blood collection tube of the present invention is characterized in that a powdery blood coagulation promoter is water-soluble on a surface of a granular core material made of a material having an intermediate specific gravity between serum and blood cells. Since a pellet formed by forming an adhesion layer of a material dispersed in a binder inert to blood is present on the inner wall of the tube body, when a blood sample is injected into the blood collection tube, the pellet is uniformly dispersed in blood. The binder in the adhesion layer on the pellet surface dissolves in the blood, and the powdery blood coagulation accelerator is released into the blood and is uniformly dispersed, promoting the coagulation of the blood and completely in a short time. Blood clotting can be performed. Therefore, the blood collection tube of the present invention can easily disperse the blood coagulation accelerator uniformly only by injecting blood, and is easy to handle, and can completely and reliably coagulate blood.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front sectional view showing one embodiment of a blood collection tube of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view in which a pellet used for the same blood collection tube is partially viewed in cross section.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the blood separating operation of the blood collection tube of the present invention, and is a schematic diagram showing a blood injection state.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a state after the end of blood injection.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a solidification end state.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which centrifugation is completed.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... blood collection tube, 2 ... tube body, 3 ... pellet, 4 ...
Core material, 5: blood coagulation accelerator, 6: adhesion layer, 7: blood, 8: serum, 9: blood clot.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A which has an intermediate specific gravity of serum and blood cells
On the surface of a granular core material having a particle size of 0.05 mm to 1.0 mm, an adhesion layer made of a material in which a powdery blood coagulation promoter is dispersed in a water-soluble and blood-inactive binder is formed. A blood collection tube, characterized in that a pellet made of the pellet is present on the inner wall of the tube body.