JP2732949B2 - High and low voltage main electrode of water resistor - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water resistor as a load device for performing a test for measuring the output characteristics of a power supply device such as a generator, and more particularly to a high-voltage and low-voltage main electrode.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional device of this kind, there is a water resistor described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-44431 proposed by the present inventor, and the main electrode proposed in this water resistor has a cylindrical shape. .

The main electrode for high voltage and small current has a small diameter and a large distance from the base electrode, while
The main electrode for low voltage and large current has a large diameter and a small distance from the base electrode. This is because, in order to prevent arc discharge, it is preferable that the surface area of the main electrode is large. Therefore, it is desirable that the diameter of the main electrode is large when the main electrode is formed in a cylindrical shape. When the distance between the base electrode and the base electrode is reduced by increasing the diameter of
This is because arc discharge easily occurs particularly from the upper and lower edges.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the water resistor described in JP-A-43441, two types of main electrodes having different diameters for high voltage and small current and low voltage and large current are prepared.
They must be used according to the voltage. Therefore, if the voltage level differs from the previous measurement test,
It is necessary to replace the main electrode prior to performing the measurement test, and there is a disadvantage that this replacement is complicated. It is conceivable that this inconvenience can be solved by preparing separate water resistors each having a dedicated main electrode for high voltage and small current and for low voltage and large current. Since the usage rate per unit is reduced, there is a new disadvantage that the efficiency is low and the cost is increased. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages and to provide a high-low voltage dual-purpose main electrode of a water resistor that can use both a high voltage and a low current and a low voltage and a large current with one main electrode.

[0005]

The above object can be attained by adopting the following novel characteristic constitution means of the present invention. That is, a first feature of the present invention is that a cylindrical fixed base electrode in which water is supplied from directly above the center by a water supply pipe, a main electrode disposed in the base electrode, A movable insulating sheath tube disposed between the electrode and the base electrode, wherein the position of the insulating sheath tube is vertically displaced to expose an electrode surface of the main electrode to the base electrode in water. By controlling the area, the power consumption is adjusted with water as a resistance between the main electrode and the base electrode, and the axes of the main electrode, the base electrode, the insulating sheath, and the water supply pipe are adjusted. In a water resistor in which a core is installed coaxially and excess overflow in the base electrode is radially discharged concentrically at the liquid surface, the main electrode has a circular cross-sectional shape of the outer peripheral surface in a plane perpendicular to the axis. With the top and bottom At least in the vicinity of the lower end, a chamfered radius of curvature is set large so as to prevent arc discharge, and the diameter is gradually reduced toward the lower end. At the final end of the reduced diameter portion, a curved surface point or a horizontal cross section having a circular plane or an annular shape A high / low voltage dual-purpose main electrode of a water resistor having a concentric configuration and having a diameter such that the whole of the main electrode is immersed in water in the base electrode and has a diameter such that the distance from the inner surface of the base electrode is reduced. is there.

According to the present invention, the high-voltage low-voltage main electrode in a fixed arrangement for submerging the whole is formed such that at least the outer peripheral surface has a circular cross section in a plane perpendicular to the axis, that is, a cylindrical or columnar shape. In addition, at least in the vicinity of the lower end of the upper and lower ends, the radius of the chamfered curvature is increased toward the lower end so as to prevent arc discharge, the diameter is gradually reduced, and the radius is drawn in the axial direction. The upper end of the main electrode is normally covered with an insulating sheath tube, and is in a state of being cut off from the fixedly arranged base electrode to which water is supplied from directly above the center, so that at least the lower end gradually approaches the lower end. If the diameter is reduced, the desired purpose can be achieved. However, it is more preferable to gradually reduce the diameter in the vicinity of the upper and lower ends toward each end as described above. In the case of a cylindrical shape, each final end has a state in which a circular opening of an appropriate size is opened, and in the case of a cylindrical shape, each final end has a dot shape or a circular planar shape.

[0007]

The high-low voltage dual-purpose main electrode of the present invention is formed in a cylindrical or columnar shape, and the diameter is gradually reduced toward the lower end at least in the vicinity of the lower end of the upper and lower ends. Even with a large diameter similar to that for a large voltage and current, a sufficient distance between the reduced-diameter end of the main electrode and the base electrode can be ensured, so that arc discharge hardly occurs.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to FIGS. Here, FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the water resistor according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an insulating sheath cylinder and a support frame,
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a mechanism for circulating and supplying electrode water to the water resistor.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plurality of mounting plates 3 are fixed to a lower portion of a casing 2 of the water resistor 1 at predetermined intervals in parallel with each other. Three circular mounting holes 4 are opened in the plate 5a, and a water collecting tank 5 to which a drain pipe 28 (see FIG. 3) is connected is mounted on a side surface. The lower ends of three cylindrical base electrodes 6, 7, 8 are tightly fitted and fixed in the mounting holes 4 of the water collecting tank 5, and face the inside of the water collecting tank 5. On the other hand, the side wall of the water collecting tank 5 extends upward to a position corresponding to the upper end of each of the base electrodes 6, 7, 8 to form a storage tank 9 having the upper plate 5a as a bottom plate. The storage tank 9 stores the electrode water supplied to the base electrodes 6, 7, 8 when the overflow occurs, and a drain port (not shown) is provided at an appropriate position on the side wall.
The configuration of each of the base electrodes 6, 7, 8 is the same as each other, and the main electrode and the insulating sheath tube disposed therein have the same configuration. Therefore, only the base electrode 6 will be described below. Descriptions of the other base electrodes 7 and 8 are omitted.

The high-low voltage dual-purpose main electrode 10 disposed in the base electrode 6 is substantially cylindrical, and the vicinity of the upper and lower ends is gradually increased by increasing the radius of curvature of the chamfer toward each end in order to suppress arcing. The diameter is reduced toward the axis, and the upper and lower ends are opened concentrically with the peripheral surface. Insulating insulator 1 is inserted into the main electrode 10 from the lower end thereof.
The insulating support 12 fixed to 1 is tightly fitted,
A conductive terminal rod 13 having a T-shaped side surface is inserted through the support 12 and the insulating insulator 11. The main electrode 10 is liquid-tightly supported on the bottom plate 5 b of the water collecting tank 5 via the insulating insulator 11. Each main electrode 1
0, 14, 15 (see FIG. 2)
Is connected to each of the three phases of the generator to be measured and tested, and the base electrodes 6, 7, 8 are connected to each other and grounded, thereby forming a Y-connected resistor. Further, the main electrode 10 is set to have a large diameter and a small distance from the base electrode 6, so that the main electrode 10 is basically configured for a low voltage and a large current. By gradually reducing the diameter toward the end and narrowing down in an arc shape toward the axis, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of an arc, so that the configuration can be used for high voltage and small current.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the insulating sheath tube 16 interposed between the base electrode 6 and the main electrode 10 has a cylindrical shape and is set to have substantially the same length as the base electrode 6, and has an upper end. Is fixed to a support frame 17. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, a rack 19 is vertically fixed to fixing members 18a and 18b provided at an upper portion and a center portion of the casing 2, respectively, and is fixed to a motor 20 having a gear that meshes with the rack 19. The support frame 17 is fixed to the support plate 21 thus formed.
Therefore, as the motor 20 moves up and down by being guided by the rack 19, the insulating sheath tube 16 moves up and down together with the other insulating sheath tubes 22 and 23 with the support frame 17.
By controlling the vertical movement, the exposure length of the main electrode 10 facing the base electrode 6 is controlled, and the power consumption is adjusted. The axes of the main electrode 10, the base electrode 6, the insulating sheath tube 16, and the water supply pipe 27 are all coaxial.

Next, a mechanism for circulating the electrode water will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the other end of the drain pipe 28 having one end connected to the water collecting tank 5 is connected to the suction side of the pump 24. The discharge side of the pump 24 is connected through a circulation pipe to a pure water device 25 having a filtration unit.
After the impurities are removed and purified water is supplied to the cooler 26 through a circulation pipe, the water is cooled and supplied from the water supply pipe 27 into the base electrode 6.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
First, pure water from the water supply pipe 27 is supplied into the base electrode 6 to a level at which the main electrode 10 is buried.
The electrode water supplied into the base electrode 6 is sent from the water collecting tank 5 to a pure water device 25 by a pump 24 to remove impurities, and then cooled to a predetermined temperature or lower by a cooler 26 and the water supply pipe 27 is cooled. And circulates again to be supplied into the base electrode 6. Water is supplied to the electrode water circulation path from a water storage tank (not shown) as necessary. On the other hand, the electrode water that is oversupplied into the base electrode 6 and overflows is stored in the storage tank 9 and then drained outside or in a circulation path of the electrode water.

A generator (not shown) to be measured and tested is electrically connected to each of the main electrodes 10, 14, and 15 in a predetermined state, and the generator is operated. While consuming the output power, the drive of the motor 20 is controlled to raise and lower the insulating sheath cylinders 16, 22, and 23,
Adjust power consumption.

In the present embodiment, each of the base electrodes 6, 7, 8 has a bottomless cylindrical shape, and each of the main electrodes 10, 14, 15 also has a diameter gradually reduced toward the respective ends near the upper and lower ends of the cylinder. However, since it is narrowed down toward the axis and formed in a round shape to eliminate the projection, arc discharge between the two electrodes is less likely to occur.

In this embodiment, each main electrode 1
The upper and lower ends of 0, 14, and 15 were gradually reduced in diameter toward each end and narrowed down toward the axis to form a round shape. However, only the lower end was gradually reduced in diameter and narrowed down toward the axis. It may be formed in a round shape. In addition, each of the main electrodes 10, 14,
15 may not be cylindrical but may be cylindrical. In the case of this cylindrical shape, the vicinity of the reduced end portion becomes a complete spherical surface with the final end as a point or a curved surface that forms part of a spherical surface with the final end as a plane. Further, each of the main electrodes 10, 1
The upper end of each of the base electrodes 4 and 15 can be supported above each of the base electrodes 6, 7 and 8. Furthermore, although the lower ends of the base electrodes 6, 7, 8 face the water collecting tank 5, the base electrodes 6, 7, 8 are set up on an upper plate 5a formed of an insulator of the water collecting tank 5. And the base electrodes 6, 7,.
In addition to a configuration in which the bottom surface of the base 8 is closed and a drain port is opened in the upper plate 5a, each of the base electrodes 6, 7, 8 may be provided in a water tank to which electrode water is supplied. In addition, each of the base electrodes 6, 7, 8 is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may have a polygonal shape or an elliptical cylindrical shape in plan view, and may be formed in a so-called funnel shape in which a peripheral surface extends obliquely with respect to an axis. In the case of this funnel shape, it is preferable that the peripheral surfaces of the main electrodes 10, 14, 15 are also formed in a funnel shape. Further, a mechanism for raising and lowering each of the insulating sheath cylinders 16, 22, and 23 includes a rack 19
However, the present invention is not limited to the combination of the motor 20 having a pinion that meshes with the rack 19 and linked to the insulating sheath cylinders 16, 22, and 23.

The present invention has a structure for supplying water to the upper end of the main electrode 10. In the configuration described in [0015], the main electrode 10 is formed in a cylindrical shape and the final end of the upper end of the main electrode 10 is provided. Is rounded so as to prevent arc discharge so that the radius of curvature of the chamfer is large. Even if the water supply drop point deviates from the axis of the upper end surface of the main electrode 10, the water supply drop point is When the water drops on the circular portion of 10, the water supply liquid spreads radially on a circular plane, and water is supplied almost uniformly around the main electrode 10, and the liquid in the base electrode 6 has a temperature and flow rate in a concentric horizontal cross section. Are distributed to prevent discharge due to non-uniform temperature distribution of the liquid.

Further, a structure is adopted in which the excess liquid overflowing from the cylindrical base electrode 6 is uniformly discharged in all directions in a state close to a radial state on the liquid surface, and the temperature distribution of the liquid is substantially concentrically distributed in cross section. A stable concentric liquid temperature distribution, which is hardly influenced by the liquid discharge, is obtained, whereby the originally stable resistance value is further stabilized. In order to achieve such an effect, the main electrode 6 has a concentric structure in the axial cross section.

Further, the main electrodes 10, 14, 15 of the present invention are provided.
In each of the three electrode devices of the three-phase AC electrode, a structure is adopted in which the resistive liquid is separated from each other for each of the base main electrodes 6 except for the resistive liquid in the water collecting tank 5 and the storage tank 9 and is not shared. If one or two of the two electrode units fail or discharge, and the quality of the resistive liquid deteriorates, the other two or one of the two electrode units will not be affected and the drainage portion will be shared. This simplifies the apparatus and mixes the lower quality wastewater with the other wastewater, thereby preventing the burden on the cooler and the pure water device from being concentrated.

[0020]

As described above, according to the main electrode of the water resistor according to the present invention, at least the vicinity of the lower end of the upper and lower ends is gradually reduced by increasing the chamfer radius of curvature toward the lower end. Even if the distance between the base electrode and the base electrode is reduced by increasing the diameter of the main electrode, arc discharge between the reduced diameter end of the main electrode and the base electrode under a high voltage can be suppressed. It can be used for both small current and low voltage and large current, leading to cost reduction and the effect of improving work efficiency by eliminating the need to replace the main electrode, which was conventionally required before the measurement test. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a water resistor according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an insulating sheath tube and a support frame.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a mechanism for circulating and supplying electrode water to the water resistor.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Water resistor 5 ... Water collecting tank 6, 7, 8 ... Base electrode 10, 14, 15 ... Main electrode 16, 22, 23 ... Insulating sheath 17 ... Support frame 19 ... Rack 20 ... Motor 27 ... Water supply pipe

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cylindrical fixed base electrode in which water is supplied from directly above a center by a water supply pipe, a main electrode disposed in the base electrode, and a main electrode and the base electrode. With a movable insulating sheath tube arranged between
By displacing the position of the insulating sheath tube in the vertical direction and controlling the exposed area of the electrode surface of the main electrode in water with respect to the base electrode, the water between the main electrode and the base electrode is changed to a resistance. The axes of the main electrode, the base electrode, the insulating sheath tube, and the water supply pipe are coaxially installed, and excess overflow in the base electrode is concentrically radial at the liquid level. In the discharged water resistor, the main electrode has a circular cross-sectional shape of the outer peripheral surface in a plane perpendicular to the axis, and has a chamfered radius of curvature at least in the vicinity of the lower end of the upper and lower ends so as to prevent arc discharge. It takes a large diameter and gradually reduces its diameter toward the lower end. At the final end of the reduced diameter portion, it has a concentric horizontal cross-sectional configuration such as a curved point or a circular plane or an annular shape. Wherein the whole of the main electrode is immersed in water and fixedly arranged with a diameter such that the distance from the inner surface of the base electrode is reduced.