JP2703820B2 - Emergency fluid shut-off device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is to automatically shut off the supply of fluid to a damaged part, for example, when a fluid, particularly a gas conduit, is damaged due to an earthquake or other work. The present invention relates to an emergency fluid shutoff device with a self-judgment function that can be performed.

In addition, the conduit referred to in the present invention is not limited to a pipe that passes a gas or a liquefied gas buried underground by a gas company or the like, but is used in a general industrial propane gas, LNG, etc. factory or plant. And various piping such as above-ground piping.

[Conventional technology]

As for pipes through which gas passes in facilities such as gas supply business or industry, in addition to a usual shut-off valve, an emergency gas shut-off valve is usually provided at a necessary place in case of an accident or the like. The number, arrangement, mechanism, etc. of emergency gas shut-off valves vary depending on the scale of the gas company, the purpose of piping, etc., but most of them are manually operated valves on-site. At times, the operating piston is driven by the gas pressure by a method such as operating a cutter for piercing a carbon gas cylinder by a signal current from the operation panel to close a valve provided in a gas conduit, or a signal from the operation panel. It is known that the current of an electromagnetic valve provided in a gas conduit is cut off by an electric current and the valve is closed by a spring force.

If it is difficult to systematize in terms of scale and cost, such as in small-scale conduits, areas with a small number of supply units, or piping in factories, humans operate the manual emergency shut-off valves provided at predetermined locations in advance. And shut off the gas supply.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

In recent years, in the field of gas supply business, polyethylene pipes have been increasingly used for conduits. However, polyethylene pipes are particularly susceptible to shearing force due to their physical properties, and may be easily cut by road excavation work or the like. Also, an aerial steel pipe in a factory or the like may be damaged by external force, such as breakage of the pipe.

In this sense, providing an emergency gas shut-off device at the required location according to the piping enables immediate response in the event of an accident, preventing secondary disasters and minimizing the damage area, and It is necessary to establish a system that can perform the opening work for proper resupply and that can recover without stopping the gas supply for a long time.

However, shut-off valves that are conventionally used are often made of cast steel, and compared to gas supply pressure when used in ordinary gas supply business or in conduits for general industrial use such as propane gas and LNG used in factories, etc. Despite being a material that can withstand much higher pressure, there are problems such as corrosion, and there are problems such as operation failure and maintenance due to the complicated mechanism.

Further, in the above-described remote shutoff automatic shutoff system, the number of emergency shutoff valves used is enormous according to the distance of the pipe. In addition, it is necessary to reliably operate each emergency shut-off valve in the event of an accident that may or may not occur, and maintenance of the emergency shut-off valve is enormous.

Furthermore, in the past, it was common to stop the gas supply in a wide area even in the case of a local emergency such as damage to gas pipes. Not only can the supply stop work not be performed promptly due to the stoppage, but also, upon restoration, all the doors are re-supplied with gas by checking the supply stop state of each house, that is, checking the closed state where gas consuming equipment is not used. At present, it takes a great deal of trouble and time until the state is reached.

In addition, gas piping, factories,
In small-scale overhead piping facilities such as inside a plant,
A human would operate a manual emergency shutoff valve. Therefore,
For example, in an area with a large area but a small number of units, it is not only difficult to maintain the emergency gas shut-off valve, but also the personnel costs for the number of required units increase, and workers arrive at the site even if they are blocked. It may take a considerable amount of time to do so, which may lead to a secondary disaster. Similarly, even in a factory or the like, it is difficult to constantly monitor the piping for abnormalities.
The next disaster problem arises.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and has a simple structure, is easy to maintain, and detects an abnormal flow velocity of a fluid such as a gas in the case of an emergency, and performs dynamic pressure control of the fluid. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an emergency fluid shut-off device that automatically operates by utilizing the above.

[Means for solving the problem]

Hereinafter, an outline of the present invention will be described using reference numerals in the drawings corresponding to the embodiments.

The emergency fluid shut-off device 1 of the present invention detects an abnormal flow rate of a fluid such as gas generated in the conduit 2 in the case of an emergency due to damage to the conduit 2 in the form of dynamic pressure, and transfers the fluid in the conduit 2 to the working cylinder unit. 3, the shut-off valve is operated by fluid pressure. That is, the emergency fluid shut-off device 1 itself has a self-judgment function for judging an emergency state based on the dynamic pressure of the fluid in the conduit 2 and interrupts the flow of the fluid in the conduit 2 using the dynamic pressure of the fluid. can do.

As a valve body for shutting off the flow of the fluid in the conduit 2, a spherical valve body 5 for directly closing the end of the conduit 2 is used. It is preferable that the body is processed or applied, but the material of the valve body is not particularly limited.

In a normal fluid supply state, the spherical valve element 5
Out of the fluid flow flowing through
When an abnormal high-speed fluid flow is generated in the conduit 2 due to damage of the device, the device operates and moves toward the fluid shutoff position.

Further, in the apparatus of the present invention, a fluid inlet 8 b that opens in the conduit axial direction is provided in the conduit 2, and the fluid introduction passage 8 is formed toward the working cylinder portion 3. The determination as to whether or not to interrupt the fluid flow by the spherical valve element 5 is made by detecting the dynamic pressure of the fluid in the conduit 2 at the fluid inlet 8b based on the principle of the pitot tube, and the fluid introduction path 8 When the pressure reaches a predetermined set value using the introduced fluid as a working medium, the working piston 6 of the working cylinder unit 3 is operated, and the fluid flow is automatically shut off by the spherical valve body 5.

Although it is not necessary in principle to partition between the working piston 6 of the working cylinder unit 3 and the storage position of the spherical valve element 5 at all times, if dust or the like in the conduit 2 accumulates at the working piston 6 position, It may cause malfunction,
Further, when the spherical valve element 5 side of the working piston 6 is directly opened into the conduit 2, it is affected by the pressure of the fluid in the conduit 2,
Designing such as setting the operating pressure of the device may be difficult. Therefore, if the cylinder head 7 is provided as a partition, dust and design problems can be easily solved. In that case, the spherical valve element 5 cannot be pushed directly by the working piston 6, but, for example, an operating rod 11 penetrating the cylinder head 7 may be provided, and may be interlocked with the movement of the working piston 6.

Also, the abnormal velocity of the fluid in the conduit 2 is introduced from the fluid introduction path 8 in the form of a positive dynamic pressure. However, when the cylinder head 7 is provided, the fluid introduction section 8a of the working piston 6 is provided. , That is, the fluid between the working piston 6 and the cylinder head 7 needs to be discharged. On the other hand, for example, a fluid discharge 9b opening in the opposite direction to the fluid inlet 8b
It is conceivable to provide a fluid discharge passage 9 having the inside of the conduit 2 and discharge the fluid into the conduit 2. In this case, an abnormal flow velocity of the fluid is introduced into the fluid discharge portion 9a between the working piston 6 and the cylinder head 7 in the form of a negative dynamic pressure.
In this case, the suction is performed on one side and the discharge is performed on the other side. Therefore, the operating piston 6 is operated by these differential pressures, and the responsiveness is improved.

The fluid inlet 8b and the fluid outlet 9b are provided in the conduit 2 at a predetermined distance from the installation position of the spherical valve element 5 and the working cylinder 3 (the fluid outlet 9b may not be provided).
Is one or both sides of the fluid shut-off position, or 3
In the emergency fluid shut-off device 1 provided at a branch position equal to or more than the direction, the fluid is introduced into the fluid introduction portion 8a of the working cylinder portion 3 or the fluid discharge portion is provided at each branch direction.
By configuring to discharge the fluid from 9a, it is possible to cope with any direction of the abnormal fluid flow. However, a positive dynamic pressure is always introduced into the fluid introduction section 8a by providing check valves 13a and 13b in the fluid introduction path 8 and the fluid discharge path 9, and a negative dynamic pressure is applied to the fluid discharge section 9a. Need to be introduced.

When the damage of the conduit 2 is repaired and the supply of fluid is resumed, the spherical valve element 5 fitted into the end of the conduit 2 needs to be returned to the original storage position. It is relatively easy to remove the spherical valve element 5 from the end of the conduit 2 when the abnormal fluid flow has disappeared. For example, a press-type reset is performed on the side opposite to the storage position of the spherical valve element 5 across the conduit 2. A method such as providing means is conceivable.

(Operation)

Next, the emergency fluid shutoff device 1 having the above configuration
The operation principle of will be described.

In a normal fluid supply state, the spherical valve element 5 is connected to the conduit 2.
Fluid flows normally in the storage device outside the fluid flow inside.

When an abnormality such as damage occurs in the conduit 2, an abnormal high-speed fluid flow is generated in the conduit 2 due to a fluid flowing out from a damaged position or the like. At this time, a larger positive dynamic pressure acts on the fluid intake 9b that opens in the conduit 2 in the direction of the abnormal fluid flow as compared with a normal dynamic pressure. The fluid in the conduit 2 is supplied from the fluid inlet 9b to the fluid introducing portion 8a of the working cylinder portion 3.
When the dynamic pressure becomes larger than a predetermined set value, the working piston 6 is operated with the introduced fluid as the working medium, and the spherical valve body 5 is pushed out.

The spherical valve element 5, which has been pushed up to a certain extent, comes into close contact with the connection end of the conduit 2 in such a manner that it is sucked in the direction in which the conduit 2 is damaged or the like, and this tight contact state is maintained by the pressure of the fluid in the conduit 2. Will be.

In this way, the flow of the fluid from the emergency fluid shut-off device 1 to the conduit 2 on the side where the abnormality has occurred is immediately shut off without human operation or electric signal or the like.
The next disaster can be prevented.

〔Example〕

Next, an embodiment in which the emergency fluid shutoff device of the present invention is mainly used as an emergency gas shutoff device will be described with reference to the drawings.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 uses the basic principle of the present invention. An emergency fluid shut-off device 1 having a cylindrical main body is provided at a predetermined position of a conduit 2 for supplying gas in the axial direction of the conduit 2. And at right angles.

A cylinder head 7 is provided at the lower part of the cylindrical main body.
The spherical cylinder 5 is moved between the storage section 4, ie, the gas flow position, and the position intersecting with the gas flow path of the conduit 2, ie, the gas cutoff position. It is free. Further, a reset portion 12 is formed in an upper portion of the main body portion, as described later in detail.

The working cylinder section 3 uses a gas as a fluid flowing in the conduit 2 as a working medium, and forms a fluid introduction section 8a and a fluid discharge section 9a above and below a piston 6 having a concave cross section, thereby forming a gas pressure difference. Is activated when a predetermined set value is reached. One of the purposes of the cylinder head 7 is to use the conduit 2
This is to prevent dust and the like from entering into the working cylinder portion 3 and causing malfunction, but by forming the fluid discharge portion 9a partitioned by the cylinder head 7 as in the present embodiment, the conduit 2 can be prevented. When an abnormal flow velocity occurs in the gas in the conduit 2 due to damage to the fluid, a negative dynamic pressure can be introduced into the fluid discharge portion 9a, and the working pressure of the working cylinder portion 3 can be easily designed. On the other hand, since the cylinder head 7 is provided, the spherical valve element 5 cannot be pushed directly by the operating piston 6. Therefore, in this embodiment, the operating rod 11 penetrating the cylinder head 7 is provided, and the operating piston 6
, The operating rod 11 pushes out the spherical valve element 5. The operating rod 11 may be in the form of a normal piston rod, but if it is provided separately from the operating piston 6, operation failure due to friction or the like is less likely to occur.

The other end of the fluid introduction path 8 to the working cylinder 3 is
Opening in the direction of the abnormal gas flow in the conduit 2, a positive dynamic pressure P ₁ of the gas stream is adapted to incorporate the fluid introducing unit 8a from the cylinder tail 10 portion on the principle of Pitot tube. Similarly, the other end of the fluid discharge passage 9 for the working cylinder portion 3 opens in the conduit 2 in a direction opposite to the inlet 8 b of the fluid introduction passage 8, and the negative dynamic pressure P ₂ of the gas flow is changed to the fluid discharge passage 9. Leads to
Gas is discharged into the conduit 2 from the outlet 9b, and the differential pressure P ₁ -P ₂
Is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the working piston 6 moves and pushes up the spherical valve element 5 via the working rod 11. The spherical valve element 5 pushed up to some extent by the operating rod 11 is pressed in the gas flow direction by the gas flow in the conduit 2 and shuts off the connection end of the conduit 2 in such a manner as to be sucked in the gas flow direction. By providing elasticity to at least the surface portion of the spherical valve element 5, the spherical valve element 5 can bite into the connection end of the conduit 2 at the time of shutoff, and the spherical valve element 5 can be prevented from falling off. Separate locking means or the like may be used separately.

Reset unit 12 provided on top of emergency fluid shutoff device 1
Is configured so that the spherical valve 5 moved to the gas shut-off position can be moved to the gas flow position by pushing down the reset valve 12b after pushing down the broken body 12a. Further, even if the broken body 12a is broken once, it can be used again by attaching a new broken body 12a (indicated by a two-dot chain line in the figure) on the broken one.

As is clear from the above description, the emergency fluid shutoff device 1 of the present embodiment functions when an abnormal gas flow occurs from left to right due to damage to the conduit 2 in the right direction in the drawing. Therefore, it can be used when the direction of the abnormal gas flow to be cut off is limited depending on the piping position or the like, or is applied when the emergency fluid cutoff devices 1 whose gas cutoff directions are opposite to each other are used in combination. On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 to be described later, the gas flow can be shut off in two directions or in multiple directions in the case of the branch position. However, this embodiment has the advantage that the structure is simpler and easier to manufacture than the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3. The embodiment of FIG. 4 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 1, and the embodiment of FIG.
And the discharge port 9b of the fluid discharge passage 9 is provided on one side of the installation position of the working cylinder 3, whereas in the embodiment of FIG. 4, the intake 8b and the discharge port 9b are connected to the installation position of the working cylinder 3. It is provided on the opposite side of the body.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the emergency fluid shutoff device 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 3 schematically shows a modification thereof.

The present embodiment detects abnormal gas flows in two directions and automatically shuts off the gas. That is, in the drawing, damage or the like occurs in the right direction of the conduit 2 and an abnormal gas flow (solid arrow) occurs from left to right, and damage or the like occurs in the left direction of the conduit 2 and abnormal from right to left. Even when a gas flow (dotted arrow) is generated, it can be dealt with. At the branch position, an emergency fluid shut-off device having a multi-directional gas shut-off function can be configured on the same principle in three or more directions.

In the working cylinder portion 3, a fluid introduction passage 8 and a fluid discharge passage 9 are formed on both sides of the working piston 6 as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, and the fluid introduction portion 8a is provided with a fluid inlet 8b in the conduit 2.
Positive dynamic pressure P ₁ is introduced, negative dynamic pressure fluid discharge portion 9a from
P ₂ is introduced. The operating principle of the operating piston 6 and the spherical valve element 5 is the same as that of the embodiment of FIG.

In the present embodiment, the fluid inlet 8b, the fluid outlet 9b, and the fluid inlet 8a, the fluid inlet 8 connecting the fluid outlet 9a, and the fluid outlet 9 are provided on both sides of the main body of the emergency fluid shut-off device 1. Check valves 13a and 13b are provided respectively. For example, when an abnormal gas flow occurs from left to right in the drawing, a negative dynamic pressure is applied to the right fluid intake 8b in the drawing, but the check valve 13a causes the fluid introduction portion 8a It prevents the introduction of negative dynamic pressure. Similarly, in the figure,
Although positive dynamic pressure is applied to the right fluid discharge port 9b, the provision of the check valve 13b prevents the positive dynamic pressure from being introduced to the fluid discharge section 9a. The case where the abnormal gas flow occurs from right to left can be similarly considered.

FIG. 3 shows an example of the arrangement of the fluid inlet 8b and the fluid outlet 9b in the conduit 2. Further, in this example, by forming a throttle portion 14 near the fluid inlet 8b and the fluid outlet 9b of the conduit 2, the gas flow velocity is increased, and the responsiveness of the working piston 6 in the working cylinder 3 is improved. ing.

[Effect of the Invention] The emergency fluid shut-off device of the present invention detects an abnormal flow rate of fluid generated in a conduit in the event of an emergency due to damage to the conduit in the form of dynamic pressure, and introduces the fluid in the conduit to the working cylinder portion. The emergency fluid shut-off device itself has a self-judgment function for judging an emergency state based on the self-pressure of the fluid in the conduit by using the dynamic pressure of the fluid to operate the shut-off valve. And the pressure of the fluid can be used to shut off fluid flow in the conduit.

The fluid is immediately shut off by the self-judgment function, and a secondary disaster can be prevented beforehand without human operation or electric signals.

Conventional emergency shut-off, in which the fluid in the conduit is used as the working medium of the working piston that moves the spherical valve body to the fluid shut-off position, and the valve body is operated by another dedicated operating gas pressure or spring force using electromagnetic force The structure can be simpler than that of the device.

The simple structure and no special actuation source or actuating device are required, so it can be operated reliably in emergency,
In particular, no maintenance is required.

Since the structure is simple and no special operation source or operation device is required, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and a large number of emergency fluid shutoff devices can be provided at low cost by mass production.

By having a self-judgment function that operates by the self-pressure of the fluid in the conduit, the flow of the fluid is surely shut off at the place where the fluid flow abnormality occurs, and it does not operate at other places, so the gas etc. The fluid supply stop area can be minimized.

For example, even when used as an emergency gas shut-off device, since it has a self-determining function, it can be applied without distinction between a systemized gas supply facility and a non-systemized gas supply facility.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the emergency fluid shut-off device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the embodiment of FIG. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Emergency fluid shut-off device, 2 ... Conduit, 3 ... Working cylinder part, 4 ... Storage part, 5 ... Spherical valve body, 6 ... Working piston, 7 ... Cylinder head, 8 ... Fluid introduction , Fluid inlet, 8b fluid inlet, 9 fluid outlet, 9a fluid outlet, 9b fluid outlet, 10
Cylinder tail, 11 ... operating rod, 12 ... reset part,
12a …… Destroyed body, 12b …… Reset valve, 13a, 13b ……
Check valve, 14 ... throttle

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A spherical valve body for interrupting a flow of a fluid in a conduit, and actuated when a pressure reaches a predetermined set value using the fluid as a working medium, and the spherical valve body is moved to a fluid flow blocking position. An actuating cylinder section having an actuating piston and a spherical valve element housing for moving the fluid in the conduit, and a fluid intake opening in the conduit in the flow direction of the fluid in the conduit, so that an abnormal flow rate generated when the conduit is damaged can be reduced. It is taken out as a dynamic pressure and comprises a fluid introduction path for guiding to the working cylinder section.By operating the working piston with the dynamic pressure, an abnormality in the flow velocity generated in the conduit is detected as a fluid dynamic pressure. An emergency fluid shut-off device, which is configured to shut off automatically. 2. The working cylinder portion, in a normal fluid supply state, includes a spherical valve body housing side and a working piston side of a cylindrical body housing the spherical valve body, and both are separated by a partition plate. The emergency fluid shut-off device according to claim 1, wherein a cylinder tail portion on the working piston side is a fluid introduction portion communicating with the fluid introduction passage. 3. A spherical valve body side of the operating cylinder portion is partitioned into the conduit by a cylinder head fixed to the cylindrical body, and an operating rod penetrating the cylinder head moves the operating piston. 3. The emergency fluid shut-off device according to claim 2, wherein the spherical valve body is pushed toward the fluid flow shut-off position in conjunction with. 4. A fluid discharge passage having a fluid discharge opening which opens in a direction opposite to a fluid intake of the fluid introduction passage in the conduit, and is formed between the working piston and the cylinder head of the working cylinder portion. 4. The emergency fluid shut-off device according to claim 3, wherein the emergency fluid shut-off device communicates with a fluid discharge unit. 5. An emergency fluid shut-off device provided in a fluid supply conduit in the middle or at a branch position in three or more directions, wherein (a) a spherical valve body for blocking a flow of fluid in the conduit is housed. (B) a cylinder head that separates the storage section and the working cylinder section; (c) a working piston that constitutes the working cylinder section; (D) penetrating through the cylinder head and moving the spherical valve body from the storage section toward the fluid shut-off position in conjunction with the operating piston of the operating cylinder section; An operating rod for pushing out; and (e) an intake opening in the conduit in the axial direction of the conduit, wherein a positive dynamic pressure of an abnormal fluid flow generated in the conduit when the conduit is damaged is supplied to the fluid introduction passage of the operating cylinder. To A fluid introduction path provided for each direction at both sides or a branch position of the tubular body to guide the fluid introduction path, and (f) an outlet opening in the conduit in a direction opposite to an inlet of the fluid introduction path. In order to guide the negative dynamic pressure of the abnormal fluid generated in the conduit when the conduit is damaged to the fluid discharge portion of the working cylinder, a fluid discharge path provided for each direction at each side of the cylinder or at each of the branch positions, (G) a check valve provided in each of the fluid introduction and fluid discharge passages, wherein the fluid introduced from the fluid introduction passage is used as a working medium, and the fluid on the introduction section side and the discharge section side of the working cylinder An emergency is characterized in that by actuating the working piston with a pressure difference of the dynamic pressure, an abnormality of a flow velocity generated in the conduit is detected as a dynamic pressure of the fluid and automatically shut off. Body shutoff device. 6. A reset means for pressing the spherical valve body moved to the fluid flow blocking position and moving the spherical valve body to the storage section again is provided on the opposite side of the storage section opposite to the conduit. Item 7. The emergency fluid shutoff device according to item 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.