JP2700191B2 - Fire door - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fire door, and more particularly to a fire door using a composite material in which a metal coating layer is formed on a wood fiber board as a face plate.

<Prior art and its problems> The use of a fire door for fire prevention and fire spread prevention is mandatory for doors of rooms such as hotels and condominiums. As the fire door, a metal door such as aluminum or steel is generally used, and the effect of achieving the purpose of fire prevention and fire spread prevention is extremely large.

However, these metal fire doors are lit by fire,
Although the spread of fire was avoided, there was a serious problem in that the heat generated by the fire caused distortion and deformation, which hindered opening and closing of the door.

In addition, since it is made of metal, it has problems that the metal sound when opening and closing the door is noisy, the touch is cold, and the heat insulation is poor.

On the other hand, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 50-129438 discloses that the surface of a base board such as a hard board, plywood, wood, slate, and porcelain is 90
A technique is disclosed in which a metal or an alloy having a melting point of 0 ° C. or less is sprayed, and a metal or an alloy having a melting point of 1000 to 1600 ° C. is further sprayed thereon to obtain a heat-resistant board. The board according to this prior art performs two layers of thermal spraying and is considered to be excellent in heat resistance and water resistance.

However, since this heat-resistant board is a composite of a base material and a metal layer, the board itself warps, twists, cracks, due to the difference in expansion and contraction caused by moisture absorption, water absorption, drying, heat, and the like between the base material and the metal layer. There is a tendency for delamination between the base material and the metal layer to occur. In particular, organic substrates such as hardboard, plywood, wood, etc., have greater moisture absorption, water absorption, expansion and shrinkage due to drying than inorganic substrates, and when such an organic substrate and a metal layer are combined, The above-mentioned tendency appears remarkably.

Further, although the heat resistance of the surface is improved by the metal layer covering the surface of the base material in the above-described conventional technology, when the base material is a hard board, plywood, organic material such as wood,
Under the influence of heat transmitted through the metal layer, the base material itself gradually deteriorates or carbonizes, and there is a danger of eventually igniting.

For these reasons, it has not been possible to use the heat-resistant board according to the prior art as a material for a fire door.

<Means for Solving the Problems> Accordingly, the present invention repeatedly conducts various studies on fire doors basically using a wood material, develops a novel composite material, and provides a fire door using this composite material as a surface plate. It has been reached.

That is, the present invention provides an acetylation treatment for replacing a hydroxyl group present in a wood fiber with an acetyl group, and at the same time, in the cell pore and / or the inner wall surface of the wood fiber and / or the outer peripheral portion of the wood fiber. A composite comprising a wood fiber board formed by bonding and integrating wood fibers filled or adhered or adhered or fixed with a nonflammable inorganic compound, and a metal coating layer formed by thermal spraying on at least one surface of the board. A fire door characterized in that the material is used as at least one side surface plate so that the metal coating layer becomes a surface.

The configuration of the fire door according to the present invention is the same as that of a general door, and a suitably decorated surface plate is stuck on the front and back of a framed core material, or a honeycomb core or a core plate is provided in the frame. A surface plate is adhered to the front and back.

The surface plate on at least one side of the fire door of the present invention is subjected to an acetylation treatment so as to replace a hydroxyl group present in the wood fiber with an acetyl group, and at the same time, the inside of the cell hole and / or the inner wall surface of the wood fiber and / or Alternatively, a wood fiber board formed by bonding and integrating a wood fiber in which a nonflammable inorganic compound is filled or adhered to or adhered to the outer periphery of the wood fiber is used as a substrate, and at least one surface of the substrate is made of a metal by a thermal spraying method. It is a composite material formed with a coating layer.

A wood fiber board used as a substrate of a composite material is obtained as follows. First, for example, softwood materials such as pine, cedar, cypress, or hardwood materials such as lauan, kapole, chestnut, and poplar are made into chips, and then the chips are degreased by steaming.
After softening, the steamed chips are defibrated by a defibrating device to obtain wood fibers. This wood fiber is 1 ~
Most of them have a diameter of about 30 mm and a diameter of about 2 to 300 μm. This wood fiber is shaped like a bundle of conduits and temporary conduits or cells, and the cell wall around the fiber is often torn or cracked, so it absorbs moisture and moisture well I do.

After the obtained wood fiber is dried by a drying device, the wood fiber is subjected to an acetylation treatment to replace the hydroxyl group present in the fiber of the wood fiber with an acetyl group. This acetylation treatment is carried out by impregnating a wood fiber without a catalyst or as a catalyst with an aqueous solution of a metal acetate such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate and drying the resultant, followed by an acetic anhydride reaction such as acetic anhydride or chloroacetic anhydride. It is performed by immersing in a liquid tank and heating and reacting at 100 to 150 ° C. for several minutes to several hours. After completion of the reaction, the excess reaction solution is removed, washed and dried.

The wood fiber thus acetylated is then non-combustible. That is, the non-combustible inorganic compound is filled in the voids such as the cell holes and conduit holes of the wood fiber, or the non-combustible inorganic compound is fixed or adhered in a layer along the inner wall of the cell fiber, and the outer periphery of the wood fiber The nonflammable inorganic compound is fixed or adhered to the part to make it nonflammable. This non-combustibility treatment can be performed, for example, by the following steps. That is, the wood fiber is sufficiently immersed and impregnated in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble inorganic salt (hereinafter, referred to as “first liquid”). As the first liquid, MgCl ₂ , MgBr ₂ , MgSO ₄ .H
₂ O, Mg (NO ₃ ) ₂ .6H ₂ O, AlCl ₃ , AlBr ₃ , Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , Al (NO
_{3) 3 · 9H 2 O,} CaCl 2, CaBr 2, Ca (NO 3) 2, ZnCl 2, BaCl 2 · 2
An aqueous solution of H ₂ O, BaBr ₂ , Ba (NO ₃ ) ₂ or the like is exemplified. After impregnation of the first liquid, the liquid is drained, and the wood fiber is dried to make the surface dry or absolutely dry. If necessary, the component crystals of the first liquid deposited on the surface are removed. Next, a compound liquid which reacts with the first liquid to form a water-insoluble incombustible inorganic compound (hereinafter referred to as "second liquid") is added to the wood fiber using a blender, a spray or the like, and mixed or immersed. By soaking, the second liquid is impregnated into the wood fiber. As the second liquid, Na ₂ CO ₃ , (NH ₄ ) ₂ CO ₃ , H ₂ SO ₄ , Na ₂ SO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ , H
₂ PO ₄ , Na ₂ HPO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ , H ₃ BO ₃ , NaBO ₂ , NH ₄ BO _{2 and the} like are exemplified. By applying and impregnating the second liquid, the first liquid and the second liquid react in the wood fiber to generate a nonflammable inorganic compound. As the non-combustible inorganic compound generated,
Calcium compounds such as magnesium phosphate, calcium phosphate, barium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, magnesium borate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc phosphate, barium carbonate, calcium nitrate, barium nitrate, etc., magnesium compounds, aluminum compounds, barium compounds, Examples include a lead compound, a zinc compound, and a silicate compound. After completion of the reaction, the mixture is drained and dried. Since this nonflammable inorganic compound is insoluble in water, it is filled, adhered or adhered to the inside of the cell pore of the wood fiber, the inner wall surface of the cell pore, and the outer periphery of the wood fiber after drying. As a result, even when cracks and fissures are included in the detailed wall of the outer periphery of the wood fiber, the non-combustible inorganic compound is present in a form that closes or fills the fissures.

It is preferable that the non-combustible inorganic compound is mixed at a rate of 33% by weight or more with respect to the wood fiber, and below this, sufficient fire protection performance cannot be obtained. In order to increase the reaction efficiency between the first liquid and the second liquid, the addition and mixing of the second liquid is performed under a heating atmosphere.
In particular, it is preferably carried out at a temperature of 40 ° C. or higher, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher.

The wood fibers thus acetylated and non-combustible are put into a mixing device, and an adhesive, a sizing agent and the like are added, mixed and adhered. Next, the wood fibers are blown in, and a continuous wood fiber mat having a constant thickness is formed on the conveying device by a forming device.

After the obtained wood fiber mat is cut to a fixed size, it is inserted into a hot press and hot-pressed to obtain a wood fiber board. The specific gravity of the wood fiberboard is preferably in the range of 0.4 to 1.2. The reason for this is that if the specific gravity is 0.4 or less, the surface becomes porous and it becomes difficult to form a metal coating layer, and it is necessary to increase the film thickness.If the specific gravity is 1.2 or more, the surface becomes dense. This is because the anchoring effect on the wood fiberboard of the metal coating layer is excessively reduced, and the adhesion is reduced. Further, the water content of the wood fiber board is preferably 20% or less. The reason is that if the water content is more than 20%, the internal heat on the sprayed surface will evaporate under the influence of the heat during metal spraying and the water will move to the opposite side. This is because the fiberboard itself tends to be warped such that the sprayed surface side is concave.

After curing the obtained wood fiber board and sanding the surface thereof (the side on which the metal coating layer is formed later) as necessary, a required amount of molten metal is sprayed using a thermal sprayer to perform thermal spraying. The metal spraying can be performed so as to cover not only the front surface of the wood fiber board but also a required portion such as a back surface, a wood opening surface, and the entire surface. The temperature of the surface of the wood fiber board where metal spraying is performed is 40
From this point of view, from this viewpoint, while the material temperature of the wood fiber board after hot pressing is high, or after at least the temperature of the surface of the wood fiber board on which the metal coating layer is formed, the metal Preferably, thermal spraying is performed. When the temperature is lower than 40 ° C., the sprayed molten metal is immediately cooled and solidified, and thus the adhesion to the coated surface of the wood fiberboard by the anchoring effect is not sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if the temperature is higher than 100 ° C., the temperature of the molten metal is so strong that the surface of the wood fiber board is deteriorated, and the adhesion is reduced. As the metal to be sprayed, a metal alloy such as tin, lead, zinc, copper, brass, bronze, aluminum, nickel, iron, and stainless steel is preferably used. As the thermal spraying method, generally used electric wire spraying method,
Either a gas wire spraying method or a powder spraying method may be employed. The sprayed metal solidifies by subsequent cooling,
A metal coating layer is tightly formed on the surface of the wood fiberboard.

<Function> The fire door uses a composite material having improved heat resistance by a metal coating layer formed on the surface of a wood fiber board as at least one surface plate. The wood fiber board has excellent dimensional stability because the hydroxyl group in the wood fiber is replaced with an acetyl group and is acetylated, and the expansion and shrinkage of the board due to moisture absorption and drying in the wood fiber is suppressed. . At the same time, the wood fiber board is made non-combustible by filling, adhering, or fixing the non-combustible inorganic compound in the cell pores of the wood fiber, the inner wall surface of the cell fiber, or the outer periphery of the wood fiber. It is not degraded or carbonized by heat transferred through the layer. In the wood fiber board itself, since the wood fibers are subjected to the steam degreasing treatment, it is not necessary to perform the pretreatment when spraying the molten metal.

<Example> 16 chips of radiata pine were digested with a digester.
The mixture was degreased and softened by steaming at 0 ° C. and 7 kg / cm ² for 5 minutes. The chips were defibrated with a defibrator-type refiner to obtain defatted wood fibers. After drying this wood fiber, it was immersed in acetic anhydride and heated at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. After completion of the reaction, the excess reaction solution was removed, immediately put into a washing machine, washed with water, and dried to obtain an acetylated wood fiber. At this time, the weight increase rate by acetylation was 17%.

Further, the acetylated wood fiber was immersed in an aqueous solution containing barium chloride as a main component for 10 minutes, and after the diffusion treatment, was drained. This was dried with hot air to adjust the water content to 7%. After drying, the wood fiber is put into a blender, an aqueous solution containing ammonium phosphate as a main component is added and mixed, and water-insoluble barium phosphate is added to the inside of the wood fiber cell hole or the outer periphery thereof. After performing a non-combustible treatment for filling or attaching a non-combustible inorganic compound composed of barium hydrogen phosphate, the resultant was dried with hot air to adjust its water content to 6%. The rate of weight increase due to the non-combustible inorganic compound produced by this non-combustible treatment was 50%.

The acetylated and non-combustible wood fiber thus obtained is put into a blender, and a wax size of 4% and a phenol resin adhesive of 10% with respect to the amount of wood fiber are added and mixed in the blender. The mixture was fed and formed on a screen conveyor by a felter to form a continuous wood fiber mat having a constant thickness. After cutting this wood fiber mat to a predetermined size in width and length, it is inserted into a hot press and pressed at 200 ° C. for 4 minutes to form a specific gravity of 0.8, 10
A wood fiberboard having a thickness of 3 mm and a size of 3 'x 6' was obtained.

The obtained wood fiber board was cured, and when the surface temperature reached 50 ° C, a nickel alloy (Ni30
%, Zn 4%, Cu 66%, melting point 800-1200 ° C) The molten metal was sprayed and then cooled to form a metal coating layer, and a composite material was obtained.

 A fire door was manufactured using this composite material as a surface plate.

<Effect of the Invention> The fire door according to the present invention uses a composite material in which a metal coating layer is formed on the surface of a wood fiber board and has improved heat resistance as at least one surface plate, and thus has a disadvantage of a conventional metal fire door. The disadvantages can be eliminated. The composite material is excellent in heat resistance and water resistance by forming a metal coating layer on the surface of the wood fiber board, and the wood fiber board as the base material is excellent in dimensional stability because it is acetylated. Expansion and shrinkage due to moisture absorption / absorption are suppressed, and at the same time, non-combustible treatment prevents deterioration or carbonization due to heat transmitted through the metal coating layer, and there is no danger of ignition over a long period of time .

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] An acetylation treatment for replacing a hydroxyl group present in a wood fiber with an acetyl group, and the acetylation treatment is performed on the inside and / or inside wall of the wood fiber of the wood fiber and / or on the outer periphery of the wood fiber. A composite comprising a wood fiber board formed by bonding and integrating wood fibers to which a non-combustible inorganic compound is filled or adhered or fixed, and a metal coating layer formed by thermal spraying on at least one surface of the board. A fire door, characterized in that the material is used as at least one side plate so that the metal coating layer is on the surface.