JP2696576B2 - Absorption refrigeration equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an absorption refrigerator, and more particularly, to an absorption refrigerator which functions as a triple effect absorption refrigerator as a whole, and only needs to check the pressure vessel on the high pressure stage side. About.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, multi-effect absorption refrigerators such as double-effect and triple-effect are known, and a high-temperature generator, a medium-temperature generator, a low-temperature generator, a condenser, an absorber, an evaporator, and a heat exchanger are main components. In triple-effect absorption refrigerators, the internal pressure of the high-temperature generator (saturation temperature of the solution) tends to be high, and the dilute solution coming out of the absorber is entirely introduced into the high-temperature generator through the heat exchanger. ing.

Generally, the internal pressure of the high-temperature generator is operated at a predetermined pressure or lower according to laws and regulations as a pressure vessel. This is because although the pressure vessel is classified differently, the higher the pressure, the higher the production cost of the device.

However, the internal pressure of the high-temperature generator increases as the cooling water temperature increases, and increases as the load increases, that is, as the load approaches the full load. There was a problem how to operate when near the load.

In addition, in the double effect absorption refrigerator, techniques such as a method of branching a dilute solution from the absorber and introducing a part to the low temperature generator or effectively recovering waste heat have been developed. As for the triple effect absorption refrigerator, research on energy saving has not yet been made to sufficiently utilize heat effectively.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and the inspection as a pressure vessel only needs to be performed on the high-pressure stage side, and the pressure of the high-pressure stage can be maintained within a predetermined pressure. It is an object of the present invention to provide an absorption refrigeration system.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a high-temperature generator, an absorber, an evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, and an external condenser are used as main components, and these are connected by a solution pipe and a refrigerant pipe to form a single-effect cycle. The main components are a high-pressure stage refrigerator, a medium temperature generator, a low temperature generator, a condenser, an absorber, an evaporator, a low temperature solution heat exchanger, and a medium temperature solution heat exchanger. In an absorption refrigeration apparatus comprising a low-pressure stage refrigerator connected by piping to form a double-effect cycle, the high-pressure stage external condenser is on the heating side of a low-pressure stage medium temperature generator, Using steam as a heat source of the high-temperature generator of the above, a medium-temperature drain heat exchanger is provided between the heated outlet of the medium-temperature solution heat exchanger of the low-pressure stage refrigerator and the medium-temperature generator. Between the heating side outlet and the medium temperature solution heat exchanger , Provided a low-temperature drain heat exchanger is a heating side of the drain heat exchanger that the absorption refrigerating apparatus characterized by sequentially connected to the heat source pipe line.

Further, in the present invention, a high-pressure stage refrigeration system comprising a high-temperature generator, an absorber, an evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, and an external condenser as main constituent devices, and connecting these with a solution pipe and a refrigerant pipe to form a single-effect cycle. The main components of the machine are a medium-temperature generator, low-temperature generator, condenser, absorber, evaporator, low-temperature solution heat exchanger, and medium-temperature solution heat exchanger. In an absorption refrigerating apparatus comprising a low-pressure stage refrigerator constituting a utility cycle, the high-pressure stage external condenser is on the heating side of a low-pressure stage medium temperature generator,
A refrigerant line is provided for directly guiding the refrigerant vapor generated by the medium temperature generator of the high pressure stage refrigerator to the condenser of the low pressure stage refrigerator, bypassing the heating side of the low temperature generator, and a valve is provided for the refrigerant line. An absorption refrigerating apparatus characterized in that:

In the absorption refrigeration system, a valve provided in the refrigerant line has a mechanism for adjusting the bypass flow rate of the refrigerant so that the internal pressure of the high-temperature generator of the high-pressure stage refrigerator does not exceed a predetermined pressure.

In the absorption refrigerating apparatus, a refrigerant drain heat exchanger is provided at a low-temperature solution heat exchanger heated side outlet of the low-pressure stage refrigerator, and refrigerant vapor from a high-temperature generator of the high-pressure stage refrigerator is first supplied to the low-pressure stage refrigerator. Led to the medium temperature generator of the stage refrigerator,
A pipe line leading to the refrigerant drain heat exchanger is provided, and a refrigerant drain cooler is provided in the refrigerant pipe between the refrigerant drain heat exchanger and the high-pressure stage evaporator.

Further, in the absorption refrigeration apparatus of the present invention, the chilled water to the refrigeration apparatus is first guided to the low-pressure chiller, and then provided with a chilled water piping line to the high-pressure chiller.
First, a cooling water piping line leading to the low-pressure stage refrigerator and then to the high-pressure stage refrigerator is provided.

(Operation)

In the present invention, the high-pressure stage refrigerator is a conventional single-effect absorption refrigerator in which a condenser is provided outside and a low-pressure stage solution is used as a cooling medium. On the other hand, in the low-pressure stage refrigerator, a heat source is a refrigerant vapor from the high-pressure stage in a normal double effect absorption refrigerator.

In addition, as heat recovery, recovery of drain heat of heat source steam,
Also, there are two types of refrigerant drain from the high-pressure stage, each of which can be recovered.

The present invention works as a triple effect absorption refrigerator as a whole, and the internal pressure of the high-temperature stage high-temperature generator becomes a problem. In this case, the inspection as a pressure vessel only needs to be performed on the high-pressure stage side. Inspection is easier than in the case of integrated one. When it is desired to keep the pressure of the high-pressure stage within a predetermined pressure, the solution temperature of the medium-temperature generator of the low-pressure stage may be lowered. In this case, a method of releasing the cooling steam of the medium-temperature generator to the low-pressure stage can be used.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

FIG. 1 is a schematic process diagram showing an example of the absorption refrigeration apparatus of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the absorption refrigerating apparatus of the present invention comprises a low-pressure stage refrigerator having a medium-temperature generator and a low-temperature generator, and a high-pressure stage refrigerator having a high-temperature generator.

First, in the low-pressure stage refrigerator, the dilute solution from the absorber 2 is heated by the solution pump 8 through the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 6, the refrigerant drain heat exchanger 14, and the medium-temperature solution heat exchanger 7 in order. It is exchanged to increase the temperature and is introduced into the intermediate temperature generator 4.
In the medium temperature generator 4, the solution is concentrated by being heated by the refrigerant vapor generated from the high temperature generator 12 of the high pressure stage refrigerator,
The refrigerant vapor generated at this time is guided from the pipe 32 to the heating side of the low-temperature generator 5. On the other hand, the concentrated solution is cooled from the pipe 28 through the heating side of the medium-temperature solution heat exchanger 7 and then guided from the pipe 29 to the low-temperature generator 5 where it is further concentrated. 6 enters the absorber 2 from the pipe 31 through the heating side and absorbs the refrigerant gas.

On the other hand, the refrigerant vapor generated by the intermediate temperature generator 4 and passing through the heating side of the low temperature generator 5 passes through the pipe 23 and is guided to the condenser 3 together with the refrigerant vapor generated by the low temperature generator 5, and is cooled by the cooling water 23. Then, it is condensed and led to the evaporator 1 from the pipe 34. In the evaporator 1, the refrigerant liquid evaporates by exhibiting a refrigerating effect by removing heat from the cold water 20. The evaporated refrigerant vapor is absorbed by the solution in the absorber 2, and the non-evaporated refrigerant is circulated to the evaporator 1 through the pipe 37 by the refrigerant pump 9.

In the high-pressure refrigerator, the dilute solution from the absorber 11 is guided by the solution pump 18 through the heated side of the solution heat exchanger 13 to the high temperature generator 12 through the pipe 41. In the high temperature generator 12, the solution is concentrated by being heated by the external heat source 25, and the refrigerant vapor generated at this time passes from the pipe 44 to the heating side of the medium temperature generator 4 of the low pressure stage refrigerator, and then, Refrigerant drain heat exchanger from pipe 45
After passing through the heating side of 14, it is further cooled by cooling water in a refrigerant drain cooler 15 and introduced into the evaporator 10. On the other hand, the solution concentrated in the high-temperature generator 12
It passes through the heating side of 13 and enters the absorber 11 through the tube 43.

In the evaporator 10, cold water 20 cooled by the low-pressure stage refrigerator is introduced, heat is taken from the cold water, and the refrigerant liquid evaporates to exhibit a refrigeration effect. The evaporated refrigerant vapor is absorbed by the solution in the absorber 11, and the refrigerant that does not evaporate is circulated to the evaporator 10 through the pipe 47 by the refrigerant pump.

In this device, the cooling water first flows through the absorber 2 of the low-pressure stage refrigerator, then cools the condenser 3 and flows further into the absorber 11 of the high-pressure stage refrigerator.

In the case where steam is used as the external heat source 25 in the high-temperature generator 12, the high-temperature generator 12 is heated and drained steam is drawn out through the pipe 48, and the medium-temperature solution heat exchanger 7 of the low-pressure stage refrigerator is used. Medium temperature drain heat exchanger for heating dilute solution
The drain that has passed through the heating side of the heat exchanger 16 and exited the heat exchanger 16 is further subjected to exhaust heat utilization through the heating side of a low-temperature drain heat exchanger 17 provided after the dilute solution refrigerant drain heat exchanger 14. .

Further, in such a refrigeration system, the medium temperature generator 4
A bypass pipe 35 is provided for directly guiding the refrigerant vapor generated in step 3 to the condenser 3 without passing through the heating side of the low-temperature generator 5.
By providing the valve 36, the pressure of the high temperature generator 12 can be reduced. If a control mechanism is provided for the valve 36 in conjunction with the pressure of the high-temperature generator 12,
Pressure can be controlled automatically.

In this embodiment, the low-pressure stage refrigerator is shown as a series flow, but may be a parallel flow machine or a branch flow machine.

〔The invention's effect〕

According to the present invention, as a whole, it works as a triple effect absorption refrigerator, and the inspection as a pressure vessel only needs to be performed on the high pressure stage side. Further, when the pressure of the high pressure stage is desired to be within a predetermined pressure, a bypass or the like for releasing the refrigerant vapor of the intermediate temperature generator of the low pressure stage to the condenser of the low pressure stage is provided, so that the control can be easily performed. Further, in the present invention,
The recovery of the drain heat of the heat source vapor and the recovery of the drain heat of the refrigerant vapor can be performed sufficiently.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic process diagram showing an example of an absorption refrigerator of the present invention. 1, 10 ... evaporator, 2, 11 ... absorber, 3 ... condenser,
4 Medium-temperature generator, 5 Low-temperature generator, 6 Low-temperature solution heat exchanger, 7 Medium-temperature solution heat exchanger, 8, 18 Solution pump, 9, 19 Refrigerant pump, 12 … High temperature generator, 13…
... solution heat exchanger, 14 ... refrigerant drain heat exchanger, 15 ... refrigerant drain cooler, 16 ... medium temperature drain heat exchanger, 17 ... low temperature drain heat exchanger, 20, 21 ... cold water, 22, 23, 24 ... cooling water, 25 ... heat source, 35 ... bypass pipe, 36 ... bypass valve

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] A high-pressure refrigerating machine comprising a high-temperature generator, an absorber, an evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, and an external condenser as main components, and connecting these with a solution pipe and a refrigerant pipe to form a single-effect cycle. And medium-temperature generator, low-temperature generator, condenser, absorber, evaporator, low-temperature solution heat exchanger, and medium-temperature solution heat exchanger as main components, and these are connected by solution piping and refrigerant piping for double effect. In an absorption refrigerating apparatus comprising a low-pressure stage refrigerator constituting a cycle, the external condenser of the high-pressure stage is on the heating side of a medium-temperature generator of the low-pressure stage, and serves as a heat source of a high-temperature generator of the high-pressure stage refrigerator. Using steam, a medium-temperature drain heat exchanger is provided between the medium-temperature solution heat exchanger heated-side outlet of the low-pressure stage refrigerator and the medium-temperature generator, and the low-temperature solution heat exchanger heated-side outlet and medium-temperature solution heat are provided. A low-temperature drain heat exchanger is installed between the , The absorption refrigerating apparatus, characterized in that the heating side of the drain heat exchanger sequentially connected to the heat source pipe line. 2. A high-pressure refrigerating machine comprising a high-temperature generator, an absorber, an evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, and an external condenser as main components and connecting them by a solution pipe and a refrigerant pipe to form a single-effect cycle. And medium-temperature generator, low-temperature generator, condenser, absorber, evaporator, low-temperature solution heat exchanger, and medium-temperature solution heat exchanger as main components, and these are connected by solution piping and refrigerant piping for double effect. In an absorption refrigerating apparatus comprising a low-pressure stage refrigerator constituting a cycle, the high-pressure stage external condenser is on the heating side of the low-pressure stage medium-temperature generator, and is generated by the low-pressure stage refrigerator at the medium-temperature generator. An absorption refrigerating apparatus, comprising: a refrigerant line that directly leads refrigerant vapor to a condenser of a low-pressure refrigerating machine, bypassing a heating side of a low-temperature generator, and a valve is provided in the refrigerant line. 3. A valve provided in the refrigerant line is provided with a mechanism for adjusting a refrigerant bypass flow rate so that an internal pressure of a high-temperature generator of the high-pressure refrigerator does not exceed a predetermined pressure. The refrigeration apparatus according to claim 2, wherein 4. A refrigerant drain heat exchanger is provided at an outlet of the low-pressure stage refrigerator to be heated on the low-temperature solution heat exchanger, and refrigerant vapor from a high-temperature generator of the high-pressure stage refrigerator is first supplied to the low-pressure stage refrigerator. 3. A pipe line leading to the medium temperature generator and then leading to the refrigerant drain heat exchanger.
The absorption refrigeration apparatus as described in the above. 5. The absorption refrigeration system according to claim 4, wherein a refrigerant drain cooler is provided in a refrigerant pipe between the refrigerant drain heat exchanger and the high-pressure stage evaporator. 6. The absorption refrigerant device is provided with a chilled water pipe line for leading cold water cooled by an evaporator to a low-pressure stage refrigerator first, and then to a high-pressure stage refrigerator. The cooling water to be introduced first to the low-pressure stage refrigerator, and then
The absorption refrigeration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a cooling water piping line leading to the high-pressure refrigerator is provided.