JP2688884B2 - Crushing equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention mainly relates to a crushing device for cutting sheet-like crushed objects such as plastic films, leather, cords, rubber seed waste paper and corrugated board into small pieces.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A crushing device is often used as a device for cutting a waste plastic film into small pieces for effective reuse. The crushed plastic film can be heated and melted by a volume reducing device to be processed into pellets.
The waste plastic processed into pellets can be effectively used as a forming raw material. When a plastic film is crushed into small pieces and supplied to a volume reducing device, there is a feature that the volume can be reduced efficiently with a simple volume reducing device.

As an apparatus for crushing a plastic film, the present inventor has developed a crushing apparatus shown in FIGS.
The crusher shown in this figure has two rotary cutters 1
Are arranged in parallel close to each other. The rotary cutter 1 has fixed saw blades 1A at fixed intervals. The two rotary cutters 1 are arranged close to each other, and the adjacent rotary blades 1A penetrate between them, and cut the plastic film between the rotary blades 1A. That is, the two rotary cutters 1 are arranged closer to the center distance than the outer diameter of the rotary blade 1A, and cut the plastic film on the side surface of the rotary blade 1A. The side surface of the rotary blade 1A is flat, and the adjacent rotary blade 1A
Cuts the plastic film between them sliding or approaching each other.

[0004] The crushing apparatus of this structure cuts the supplied plastic film into an elongated strip shape by the rotary blade 1A fixed to the rotary cutter 1. By supplying a wide plastic film, it can be cut into a strip having a width equal to the thickness of the rotary blade 1A.

[0005]

The crushing device having this structure is characterized in that the rotary blade 1A can efficiently cut the plastic film. However, the cut strip-shaped plastic film may wind around the shaft 1B between the rotary blades 1A. In order to remove the plastic film wrapped around the shaft 1B, the present inventor provided a scraping blade (not shown) close to the surface of the shaft 1B. However, it was extremely difficult to reliably remove the plastic film wrapped around the shaft 1B with the scraping blade. This is because one plastic film is so thin that it cannot be reliably scraped off unless the scraping blade is extremely close to the shaft 1B. Between the scraping blade and the shaft,
If there is a little clearance, the wrapped plastic film cannot be scraped off. It is extremely difficult to fix the scraping blade with a clearance of 0 on the shaft 1B between the rotary blades 1A of the rotary cutter 1 to which a large number of rotary blades 1A are fixed. Not definitely removed.

[0006] Furthermore, when a thin plastic film is wound around the shaft, it becomes difficult to remove the film gradually and firmly. The rotary cutter 1 cannot remove the plastic film wound between the rotary blades 1A while rotating. It is necessary to disassemble the rotary cutter to remove the plastic film wrapped around the shaft. In the state in which the rotary cutter is rotated, the adjacent rotary cutter intrudes between the rotary blades, and therefore a blade or the like cannot be inserted between them to remove the wrapped plastic film. Since the plastic film of the shaft is disassembled and removed, it is extremely troublesome to remove the wrapped plastic film.

Furthermore, in an apparatus for cutting an object to be crushed by a rotary cutter, the object to be crushed may be clogged in the cutting portion, and the rotary cutter may be overloaded. This state can be temporarily resolved by reversing the rotary cutter. However, if the rotary cutter is reversed, it becomes lighter immediately after being reversed, but then becomes heavy again and cannot rotate smoothly. This is because if the rotary cutter is turned over, the clogging of the cutting part can be eliminated, but the clogged object to be crushed will rotate together with the rotary cutter and will be clogged again at another part.

The present invention was developed for the purpose of preventing this adverse effect, and an important object of the present invention is to provide a crushing device which can reverse a rotary cutter and easily remove the crushed object. To do. Further, another important object of the present invention is to provide a crushing device capable of efficiently reversing the rotary cutter to efficiently eliminate the clogging of the crushed object.

[0009]

The crushing device according to the present invention comprises:
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the following configuration is provided. (A) The crushing device is a plurality of rotary cutters 1
And a drive means 2 for rotating the rotary cutter 1.
And (B) In the rotary cutter 1, a plurality of rotary blades 1A are fixed to the shaft 1B at predetermined intervals. (C) The plurality of rotary cutters 1 are arranged parallel to each other. (D) The adjacent rotary cutter 1 has the shaft 1
The center distance (D) of B is closer than the outer diameter (d) of the rotary blade 1A. (E) In the rotary cutter 1, the rotary blades 1A fixed to the rotary cutters 1 arranged adjacent to each other are inserted between the rotary cutters 1A and fixed to the adjacent rotary cutters 1A. On the side, it is configured to cut the crushed object. (F) Drive means 2 for rotating the rotary cutter 1
Has a reversing mechanism. (G) The driving means 2 rotates the pair of rotary cutters 1 arranged adjacent to each other in opposite directions, and moves the outer circumference of the rotary blade 1A from top to bottom at the cutting portion for cutting the crushed object. . (H) The fixed blade 3 is arranged adjacent to the rotary cutter 1. (I) The fixed blade 3 is located on the opposite side of the cutting portion of the rotary cutter 1 and is arranged parallel to the tartary cutter 1. (J) The fixed blade 3 is the rotary blade 1A of the rotary cutter 1.
It has a comb portion 3A to be inserted between. (K) The width of the comb portion 3A is approximately equal to the interval between the rotary blades 1A, and the reversing blades 3a are provided on both side edges facing the side surface of the rotary blade 1A. (L) The fixed blade 3 is fixed to the shaft 1B between the rotary blades 1A.
The tip has a scraping blade 3B that approaches the surface. ( M ) In the state where the drive means 2 rotates the rotary cutter 1 in the normal direction, the crushed object is cut by the cutting portion 4, and the rotary cutter 1 is turned over.
And the rotary blade 1A are configured to cut the crushed object.

Furthermore, crushing apparatus described in claim 2 of the present invention, a rotary cutter scraper blade 3B provided on the fixed blade 3 is close to the lower surface of the shaft 1B between the rotary blades. 1A, rotation The strip-shaped crushed object wound around the shaft 1B of No. 1 is scraped off on the lower surface of the shaft 1B .

Further, in the crushing apparatus according to the third aspect of the present invention, the conical elbow 7 is arranged on the supply side of the rotary cutter 1. The conical elbow 7 is formed in a shape obtained by bending a cylinder 90 degrees from a horizontal direction to a vertical direction with a predetermined radius of curvature. Further, the conical elbow 7 has a horn 7A fixed to the inlet of the crushed object. Horn 7A
Is formed in a tapered shape that becomes larger according to the opening, and is configured to converge the crushed object guided by the horn 7A, change the supply direction in the vertical direction, and supply the crushed object to the rotary cutter 1. ing.

[0012]

The crushing apparatus according to the present invention cuts a crushed object such as a waste plastic film into small pieces as described below. The object to be crushed is cut into strips with the rotary blade 1A of the rotary cutter 1. The rotary blade 1A cuts the object to be crushed by the cutting unit 4. The cutting portion 4 of the rotary blade 1A has the adjacent rotary blade 1
A moves from the top to the bottom, and cuts the crushed object. The rotary blade 1A sandwiches and cuts the crushed object like scissors. The cut strip-shaped crushed object hangs down from the rotary cutter 1 or winds between the rotary blades 1A of the rotary cutter 1. The cut strip-shaped crushed material
In order to prevent winding around the shaft 1B, the shaft 1
A scraping blade 3B is provided close to B. The scraping blade 3B is
From the surface of the shaft 1B
Scratch and force it to hang down. The belt-like crushed object hanging from the rotary cutter 1 does not wind around the shaft 1B, so there is no problem. However, scratches
A strip-shaped object to be crushed around the shaft 1B by the blade 3B.
It is difficult to eliminate all. Shaft 1 between rotary blades 1A
When the crushed object winds around B, the winding amount increases as the rotary cutter 1 rotates.

When a considerable amount of strip-like crushed material winds around the shaft 1B, the rotary cutter 1 is reversed by the driving means 2. When the rotary cutter 1 is turned upside down, the band-shaped crushed object spirally wound around the shaft 1B loosens, its outer diameter expands, and it tends to come off from the shaft 1B.
However, the loose and thick strip-shaped object to be crushed does not completely come off the shaft 1B. Therefore, if the rotary cutter 1 is further inverted in this state,
The once loose band-shaped crushed object is again wound around the surface of the shaft 1B in the opposite direction.

The apparatus of the present invention is provided with the fixed blade 3 in order to prevent this adverse effect. The fixed blade 3 is arranged on the opposite side of the cutting portion 4 of the rotary cutter 1. Fixed blade 3
Is the reversing blade 3a in the comb portion 3A inserted between the rotary blades 1A.
Is provided. When the rotary cutter 1 is reversed,
The rotary blade 1A moves toward the reversing blade 3a of the fixed blade 3,
The rotary blade 1A and the reversing blade 3a cut the loose strip-shaped crushed object from the shaft 1B. The cut object to be crushed passes between the comb portions 3A and falls, and is removed from the surface of the shaft 1B. As described above, the device of the present invention capable of cutting the crushed material with the reversing rotary cutter 1 can efficiently remove the wound belt-shaped crushed material and can lightly rotate the rotary cutter 1. This is because the strip-shaped crushed object does not wind around the shaft 1B of the rotary cutter 1 again.

Further, the crushing device having the conical elbow 7 can smoothly collect the crushed material and supply it to a predetermined portion of the rotary cutter 1. Therefore, the conical elbow 7 has a feature that a crushed object such as a plastic film can be supplied to a predetermined position of the rotary cutter 1. Further, since the conical elbow 7 and the rotary cutter 1 smoothly pull in and crush the material to be crushed such as a film, there is no need to manually insert the crushable material manually as in a conventional device, and the rotary cutter is not required. Can eliminate any serious accidents in which fingers of hands are cut off.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments described below exemplify an apparatus for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and do not specify the apparatus of the present invention in the following structure.

Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the claims, the numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments are referred to as "claims", "operation column" and "problem solving". It is added to the members shown in the column of "means for doing". However, the members described in the claims are not limited to the members of the embodiments.

The crushing apparatus shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 has a rectangular tubular case 5 having upper and lower openings, two rotary cutters 1 horizontally mounted on the upper part of the case 5, and the rotary cutter 1. A fixed blade 3 arranged laterally, a pulling roll 6 arranged below the rotary cutter 1,
The driving means 2 for driving the rotary cutter 1 and the pulling roll 6 is provided.

The case 5 has a conical elbow 7 fixed to the upper opening. The conical elbow 7 is obtained by bending a cylinder 90 degrees from a horizontal direction to a vertical direction at a predetermined radius of curvature. The conical elbow 7 has a horn 7 at the entrance of the material to be crushed.
A is fixed. The horn 7A has a tapered shape that increases with the opening. The conical elbow 7 having this structure converges the material to be crushed guided by the horn 7 </ b> A, changes the supply direction in the vertical direction, and supplies the crushed material to the rotary cutter 1. The conical elbow 7 is smaller than the opening area on the upper surface of the case 5, and smoothly converges the material to be crushed and supplies it to the central portion of the rotary cutter 1. Therefore, the conical elbow 7 is characterized by being capable of supplying a crushed material such as a plastic film to a predetermined position of the rotary cutter.

Rolls can be used instead of conical elbows to feed the rotary cutters with the material to be crushed. As the roll, a roll in which side rolls are arranged vertically or inclined on both sides of a horizontal roll can be used. In the roll having this structure, the crushed material is focused on the center portion from both sides by the side rolls, and the crushed material supplied horizontally by the horizontal roll is transferred in the vertical direction and can be supplied to the rotary cutter.

Similar to the conical elbow 7, the roll can focus and feed the material to be crushed to the central portion of the rotary cutter. However, compared to a roll, the conical elbow has a simple structure and has an excellent feature that it can very smoothly focus and feed the crushed material to a predetermined position of the rotary cutter.

The rotary cutter 1 has a rotary blade 1A fixed to a drive shaft 1C at regular intervals. The outer shape of the rotary blade 1A is shown in FIG. The rotary blade 1A in this figure is formed by processing a metal plate having a predetermined thickness into a sawtooth shape, and is fixed to the drive shaft 1C via a key. A plurality of rotary blades 1A are fixed to one drive shaft 1C. The plurality of rotary blades 1A connected to one drive shaft 1C are preferably inserted into and fixed to the drive shaft 1C such that the tips of the saw blades are spiral.
As shown in FIG. 4, the serrated rotary blades 1A are rotated in opposite directions so as to move from top to bottom at a cutting unit 4 for cutting the supplied crushed object. The rotary blade 1A which is rotated in this direction cuts the crushed object by sandwiching the crushed object like scissors with the inclined surface of the rotary blade 1A.

The thickness of the rotary blade 1A determines the width of the crushed object to be cut. The device for cutting the crushed object into a narrow width
The device that thins the rotary blade 1A and thickly cuts the crushed object is
Thicken the rotary blade 1A. The thickness of the rotary blade 1A is, for example, in a device for cutting a plastic film,
It is designed to be about 15 mm. However, the width of the rotary blade 1A is 3 to 50 in the device for cutting the plastic film.
mm, preferably 5 to 30 mm, more preferably 8 to
It can be 25 mm. Further, an apparatus for crushing an object to be crushed other than a plastic film, for example, a nonwoven fabric or a fabric, is also designed to have the above-mentioned thickness. In the apparatus shown in the figure, the rotary blade 1A has a saw-tooth shape, but the rotary blade 1A may have a triangular protrusion on the outer periphery as shown in FIG.

In the rotary cutter 1, both ends of the drive shaft 1C are horizontally supported by the case 5 via bearings. The two rotary cutters 1 are arranged such that the center distance (D) of the shaft 1B is closer than the outer diameter (d) of the rotary blade 1A, and as shown in FIG. The rotary blade 1A is disposed so as to be inserted.

Further, the two rotary cutters 1 are
The thickness of the rotary blade 1A and the interval between the rotary blades 1A are designed to be substantially the same so that there is almost no gap between the adjacent rotary blades 1A. This is because if a gap is formed between the adjacent rotary blades 1A, the object to be crushed cannot be cut efficiently.

Further, the rotary cutter 1 shown in FIG.
Has the tooth tip of the sawtooth-shaped rotary blade 1A approached to the surface of the shaft 1B of the adjacent rotary cutter 1. The rotary cutter 1 of this structure cuts the object to be crushed into short cuts between the cutting edge of the rotary blade 1A and the surface of the shaft 1B,
Alternatively, there is a feature that the material to be crushed can be easily cut with this portion.

Between the rotary cutter 1 and the case 5,
That is, the fixed blade 3 is arranged on the opposite side of the cutting portion 4 of the rotary cutter 1. The fixed blade 3 is fixed to the inner surface of the case 5 in parallel with the rotary cutter 1.
A perspective view of the fixed blade 3 is shown in FIG. The fixed blade 3 shown in FIGS. 4 and 7 has a comb portion 3A inserted between the rotary blades 1A of the rotary cutter 1. The comb portion 3A is formed in an L shape, and an acute-angled scraping blade 3B is provided at the tip thereof. The scraping blade 3B comes into contact with or approaches the surface of the shaft 1B between the rotary blades 1A, and prevents the belt-like crushed object from winding around the shaft 1B.

In the fixed blade 3, the width of the comb portion 3A is made substantially equal to the interval between the rotary blades 1A, and the corner angles of both side edges facing the side surface of the rotary blade 1A are set as the reversing blades 3a. Fixed blade 3 in FIG.
Are provided with reversing blades 3a on both sides of the inclined surface. Inverting blade 3
When the rotary cutter 1 is inverted as shown in FIG. 4, a cuts the object to be crushed like scissors with the rotary blade 1A. The crushed object cut by the reversing blade 3a and the rotary blade 1A passes between the saw blade-shaped rotary blades 1A and is transferred downward.

Further, in the apparatus shown in FIG. 4, a pulling roll 6 is arranged below the rotary cutter 1. The pulling roll 6 is a rotary cutter 1 that pulls the stripped object to be crushed into smaller pieces. In particular,
As shown in FIG. 4, an object to be crushed, which is cut into a band shape that is easily cut by the saw blade rotary cutter 1, can be easily cut into short pieces by pulling it with a pulling roll 6.

The pulling roll 6 is located below the rotary cutter 1 and is supported by the case 5. The pulling roll 6 is arranged parallel to the rotary cutter 1.
The pulling roll 6 includes a spline roll 6A and a smooth roll 6B having a smooth surface. Spline roll 6A
As shown in the sectional view of FIG. 8, a ridge having a triangular sectional shape is provided on the outer circumference. Convex Article triangle, the upper edge Te racemate apex at an acute angle, against this smooth roll 6B,
The belt-shaped pulling roll 6 is shaped so as to be reliably cut.
The ridge is slightly inclined from the center of the shaft 1B of the spline roll 6A. When the spline roll 6A is rotated, one of the inclined ridges is pressed by the smooth roll 6B, so that the smooth roll 6 can be smoothly moved.
It has the feature that it can be pressed to B.

The spline roll 6A and the smooth roll 6B are made of metal. Spline roll 6A and smooth roll 6
B is arranged such that the leading edge of the ridge of the spline roll 6A is brought into contact with the surface of the smooth roll 6B, or is arranged at an interval that allows access with almost no gap. The tension roll 6 having this structure includes a spline roll 6A and a smooth roll 6B.
There is a feature that the object to be crushed that has been cut into a belt shape can be reliably cut short. However, although not shown, the pulling roll 6 has 2
Book smoothing rolls can also be used. The two smooth rolls pinch and tear apart the crushed material cut into a band shape by a rotary cutter, and cut into small pieces. When the object to be crushed has adhesiveness and adheres to the surface of the smooth roll 6B, the scraper 25 is provided in contact with the surface of the smooth roll 6B as shown by the chain line in FIG. Scraper 25
The crushed material adhered to the surface of the smooth roll 6B can be scraped off.

The driving means 2 comprises a motor 2A and a gear 2B. The motor 2A is a reversible motor, and is connected to the rotary cutter 1 and the pulling roll 6 via a gear 2B. The two rotary cutters 1 can be rotated at the same speed, but one can be rotated at a high speed. In this case, for example, one rotary cutter 1 is rotated 1.2 to 2 times faster than the other.
The reversible motor 2A inverts the rotary cutter 1 when the strip-shaped object to be crushed is wound around the shaft 1B of the rotary cutter 1.

The motor 2A can rotate both the spline roll 6A and the smooth roll 6B at the same speed, but preferably, the spline roll 6A is faster than the smooth roll 6B, for example,
Rotate at a speed of 1.2 to 2 times. The spline roll 6A, which is rotated faster than the smooth roll 6B, can cut a band-shaped object to be crushed more efficiently and small. The crushing device of the present invention is characterized in that the tension roll 6 is rotated faster than the rotary cutter 1. The device that rotates the two rolls at different speeds sets the rotation speed of the spline roll 6A faster than the rotation speed of the rotary cutter 1. The speed at which the rotary cutter 1 cuts and sends out the crushed object in a band shape does not become faster than that of the rotary cutter 1, and the pulling roll 6 transfers the fast-rotating spline roll 6A by pulling the band-shaped crushed object. Because it does.

The rotation speed of the spline roll 6A is set to, for example, 1.2 times the rotation speed of the rotary cutter 1 which rotates at high speed. However, in the apparatus of the present invention, the rotation speed of the spline roll 6A is, for example, 1.1 to 3 times, preferably 1.1 to 2 times, more preferably 1.times. 1-1.
The rotation speed can be eight times as high. When the rotation speed of the pulling roll 6 is higher than the rotation speed of the rotary cutter 1, the crushed material sandwiched between the pulling rolls 6 is surely cut into small pieces. However, if the rotation speed of the pulling roll 6 is too high, the pulling roll 6 pinches the strip-shaped crushed material,
The time to tear is shortened. For this reason, the time during which the tension roll 6 does not pinch the strip-shaped crushed object becomes longer. In other words, the number of times that the tension roll 6 clamps the tip of the strip-shaped object to be crushed per unit time increases. This is because, after the strip-shaped object to be crushed is cut, the state in which the tip is pinched by the tension roll 6 is repeated. For this reason, the probability that the pulling roll 6 cannot pinch the tip of the strip-shaped object to be crushed may increase. If the rotation speed of the pulling roll 6 is reduced, this adverse effect can be prevented. However, if the rotation speed of the pulling roll 6 is too slow, and the speed at which the pulling roll 6 transfers the band-shaped crushed object is lower than the speed at which the rotary cutter 1 transfers the crushed object, the pulling roll 6 may be driven by the pulling roll 6. Can not be cut small. In addition, the belt-like crushed material may be loosened between the rotary cutter 1 and the tension roll 6, and may be wrapped around the rotary cutter 1. In order to prevent such adverse effects, the rotation speed of the pulling roll 6 is set in the above range.

The above apparatus is equipped with two rotary cutters 1. The crusher of the present invention does not specify two rotary cutters. The number of rotary cutters can be plural. The rotary cutter cuts the material to be crushed in pairs. The pair of rotary cutters for cutting the object to be crushed are rotated in opposite directions to move the part to be cut with the object to be crushed from top to bottom. An apparatus provided with a plurality of pairs of rotary cutters has an even number of rotary cutters. However, in the apparatus of the present invention, the number of rotary cutters does not necessarily have to be an even number. This is because one rotary cutter can be provided between the pair of rotary cutters.

The crushing apparatus of the present invention does not specify the object to be crushed into small pieces, but is most suitable for an apparatus for cutting the waste plastic film into small pieces and supplying them to the volume reducing apparatus. The crushing device mounted on the volume reducing device is mounted on the upper side, which is the supply side of the volume reducing device, and supplies a small cut waste plastic film to the volume reducing device.

The volume reducing device shown in the sectional view of FIG. 9 includes a volume reducing means 8 for heating and melting a waste plastic film which is a material to be crushed, reducing the volume, and discharging the waste plastic film. The volume reducing means 8 includes a volume reducing cylinder 8A and a rotating member 8B. An extrusion gap 11 is provided between the volume reducing cylinder 8A and the rotating member 8B for heating, reducing the volume, and extruding the waste plastic film, which is the material to be crushed. The volume-reducing cylinder 8A has a cylindrical shape and has a volume-reducing opening 9 for reducing the volume of the material to be crushed and discharging it from the lower end. The volume-reducing opening 9 has a cylindrical shape and is
As shown in the enlarged view of 0, a large number of fine grooves 10 are provided extending vertically in parallel with the axis of the rotating member 8B. The narrow groove 10 is
Preferably, the width is designed to be about 5 mm and the depth is designed to be about 3 mm. However, the narrow groove 10 may have a width of 1 to 15 mm and a depth of 1 to 10 mm, for example. As shown in the enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. 9, the volume reduction cylinder 8A shown in FIG. 9 gradually narrows the narrow groove 10 toward the lower end, and up to the narrow ring slit 11A provided at the lower end of the volume reduction opening 9. The narrow groove 10 is not extended. However, as shown in the enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. 11, the narrow groove 10 can extend the lower end to the narrow ring slit 11A. The device for extending the narrow groove 10 to the narrow ring slit 11A can increase the discharge amount of the crushed material reduced in volume by the narrow groove 10. To extend the narrow groove 10 to the narrow ring slit 11A and reduce the discharge amount of the crushed material, the narrow ring slit 11A
Narrow the width of. In the apparatus shown in FIG. 11, the groove is made shallow at the lower end of the narrow groove 10, but the depth may be the same up to the lower end. However, the narrow groove 10 having the same depth to the lower end,
Designed shallowly.

The rotating member 8B is in a posture perpendicular to the volume reducing opening 9 of the volume reducing cylinder 8A, and has a cylindrical volume reducing cylinder 8A.
And coaxially arranged. A cross section of the rotating member 8B is shown in FIG. 9, a plan view is shown in FIG. 10, and a perspective view is shown in FIG. The rotating member 8B shown in these figures is used to guide the supplied crushed material into the guide groove 1.
2 and is discharged along the guide groove 12 while being reduced in volume by the forced drawing ridge 13.

The rotating member 8B heats and reduces the volume of the material to be crushed while dropping it. Rotating member 8B
Has four forced retraction ridges 13 extending in the radial direction, and a guide groove 12 is provided between the forced retraction ridges 13. The guide groove 12 guides the material to be crushed smoothly so that the volume can be efficiently reduced.
Like above, the upper part is deep and the lower part is shallow. In order to make the guide groove 12 deeper at the upper part, the rotary member 8B has a conical shape as a whole and is provided with a forced pull-in ridge 13 on the outer periphery. The rotating member 8B of this shape forms a guide groove 12 between the forced retraction ridges 13 that is deeper at the upper part and gradually becomes shallower toward the lower part. The lower end of the guide groove 12 is shown in FIG.
As shown in the enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG.

The crushed material dropped into the guide groove 12 is forcibly drawn in by the rotation of the rotating member 8B. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 12, the forced retraction ridge 13 is inclined with respect to the downward gradient in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the rotating member 8B. The rotating member 8B shown in FIG.
Rotate to the left as indicated by the arrow to reduce the volume of crushed material.

The inclination angle of the forcibly drawn-in ridge 13 with respect to the rotation axis determines the drawn-in state of the crushed object falling from the forcibly- drawn-in ridge 13. When the inclination angle is large, the action of pulling in the crushed object becomes strong. On the other hand, when the inclination angle is small, the crushed material is less drawn. The inclination angle formed by the forced retraction ridge 13 with the rotation axis of the rotation member 8B is preferably 10 degrees to 6 degrees.
The angle is designed to be 0 degree, more preferably, 12 to 50 degrees.

The outer peripheral surface 13A of the forced-drawing convex strip 13 approaches the inner surface of the volume-reducing opening 9 of the volume-reducing cylinder 8A, and is reduced between the inner surface of the volume-reducing opening 9 and the outer peripheral surface 13A of the forced-drawing convex strip 13. A clearance 11M is formed. The crushed material supplied to the guide groove 12 has a volume reduction gap 11M and a narrow ring slit 11A.
When heated by frictional heat, the volume is reduced. The material to be crushed supplied to the guide groove 12 is transferred from the guide groove 12 to the volume reduction gap 11M and from the volume reduction gap 11M to the guide groove 12 while being reduced in volume and gradually transferred downward. After being transferred to the lower part of the guide groove 12, it passes through the narrow ring slit 11A provided at the lower end of the extrusion gap 11, and when it passes, the extrusion gap 11 is further reduced in volume by friction heat.
Emitted from. Compacting gap 11M and spacing of narrow ring slit 11A is now so that the crush material can be volume reduced by efficiently heated in ten minutes, for example, 0.3 to 2.5 mm,
More preferably 0.4-1.5 mm, optimally 0.5
mm. The optimum interval between the volume reduction gap 11M and the narrow ring slit 11A varies depending on the type of the plastic film as the crushed object and the required degree of volume reduction. A plastic film with a low melting point widens the volume reduction gap to increase the throughput per hour. A plastic film with a high melting point narrows the volume reduction gap to increase the heating temperature. If the volume reduction gap is narrowed, the heating temperature of the volume-reduced plastic film increases.

The rotating member 8B has a rotating shaft 8a fixed to the center thereof. The rotating shaft 8a is connected to the base 1 via a bearing 14.
5 is mounted vertically. A pulley 19 is fixed to a lower end of the rotating shaft 8a. The pulley 19 is connected to a pulley 22 of a motor 21 via a timing belt 20. The motor 21 is a speed change motor, and the rotating member 8B
Adjust the rotation speed to the ideal rotation speed. The ideal number of rotations of the rotating member 8B differs depending on the radius of the rotating member 8B and the type of plastic film of the crushed object whose volume is to be reduced. When the outer diameter of the rotating member 8B is 360 mmφ and the material to be crushed is a polyethylene film or a vinyl chloride film, the ideal rotation speed of the rotating member 8B is about 1000 rpm.
When the rotation speed of the rotating member 8B is increased, the temperature of the rotating member 8B and the volume reduction cylinder 8A increases, and the processing capacity per time increases. Therefore, the number of rotations of the rotating member 8B is set in the range of, for example, 450 to 2000 rpm, and more preferably 500 to 1500 rpm, in consideration of the processing capacity per hour and the type of the crushed object.

The rotating member 8B and the volume reducing cylinder 8A are
As shown in FIG. 9, a cavity 16 is provided inside,
The heating temperature of the object to be crushed, which is a plastic film, is controlled by forcibly cooling. Rotating member 8 forcibly cooled
B and the volume reduction cylinder 8A can increase the rotation speed of the rotating member 8B because the heating temperature of the crushed material is reduced.

Further, in the volume reducing device shown in FIG. 9, a crushing and discharging blade 23 is arranged below the extrusion gap 11. The crushing and discharging blades 23 are fixed to the upper surface of the disk. The crush discharge blade 23 is rotated by a disk 24. Crush discharge blade 23
Is extended in the radial direction from the rotation shaft 8a of the rotation member 8B, and is curved in a direction to retract with respect to the rotation direction as shown in FIG. The crushing and discharging blade 23 accelerates in the circumferential direction because the object to be crushed continuously extruded in the shape of a string from the extrusion gap 11 is further crushed, and is tangentially opened at the lower portion of the volume reducing cylinder 8A. Forcefully discharge from.

The volume reduction cylinder 8A may be provided with a pocket 26 above the volume reduction opening 9 as shown in FIG. The pocket 26 temporarily stores the crushed material supplied between the volume reduction cylinder 8A and the rotating member 8B. The material to be crushed stored in the pocket 26 is drawn into the forcible drawing ridge 13 of the rotating member 8B, and is discharged with a reduced volume in the reduced volume gap. The device for storing the crushed material in the pocket 26 and reducing the volume has a feature that the volume of the crushed material can be reduced efficiently.

Furthermore, the volume reduction cylinder 8A has pockets 2
As shown in FIG. 14, the volume reducing device provided with 6 may be a rotating member 8B for making the guide groove 12 shallow.
The rotating member 8B in this figure has a shallow guide groove 12 between the spiral forced retraction ridges 13. The volume reducing device of this structure stores the crushed material supplied to the guide groove 12 and the pocket 26, and supplies the crushed material to the volume reduction gap by the forced retraction ridge 13 of the rotating rotating member to reduce the volume. And discharge the reduced volume of crushed material.

In the above-described embodiment, the forcible lead-in projection 13 and the guide groove 12 are provided on the surface of the rotating member 8B. As shown in the sectional view of FIG. 15 and the plan view of FIG. 16, the volume reducing device of the present invention can be provided with a forced retraction ridge 13 and a guide groove 12 in the volume reducing opening 9 of the volume reducing cylinder 8A. The volume reducing device shown in these figures is different from the device shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 in that the narrow groove 10 is formed in the rotating member 8B and the volume reducing cylinder 8A is formed.
The forcible lead-in ridge 13 and the guide groove 12 are provided in the. The narrow groove 10 is provided to extend in the axial direction of the rotating member 8B, as in the device shown in FIGS. The width, depth, and structure of the lower end of the narrow groove 10 can be designed in the same manner as the apparatus shown in FIGS.

When the rotating member 8B is rotated, the crushed material supplied is reduced in volume by being dropped downward by the forced pull-in ridge 13. Forced retraction ridge 13 of volume reduction cylinder 8A
Is provided in the inner surface of the volume reducing opening 9 so as to extend in the radial direction, and has a guide groove 12 provided between the forced retraction ridges 13. As shown in FIG. 15, the guide groove 12 is formed deep in the upper part and shallow in the lower part so as to smoothly guide the supplied material to be crushed and efficiently reduce the volume. In order to deepen the guide groove 12 at the top, the volume reduction cylinder 8A
The entire shape of the volume-reducing opening 9 is formed in a conical shape whose inner diameter increases upward, and a forced retraction ridge 13 protruding from the inner surface is provided. The volume-reducing cylinder 8A of this shape has a
3, a guide groove 12 is formed which is deeper at the upper part and gradually becomes shallower toward the lower part. The lower end of the guide groove 12
As shown in the enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. 15, the narrow ring slit 11A has a narrow width.

The crushed material dropped into the guide groove 12 is forcibly drawn in by the rotation of the rotating member 8B. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 16, the forced retraction ridge 13 of the volume reduction cylinder 8A is inclined with respect to the downward gradient in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the rotating member 8B. The rotating member 8B shown in FIG. 16 rotates to the left as shown by the arrow to reduce the volume of the crushed object.

The inclination angle of the forced pull-in ridge 13 with respect to the rotating shaft 8a is designed in the same manner as in the device shown in FIGS.

The inner peripheral surface 13B of the forcibly drawn-in ridge 13 approaches the outer peripheral surface of the rotary member 8B, and the volume reduction gap 11M is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the rotary member 8B and the inner peripheral surface 13B of the forcibly drawn-in ridge 13.
Is formed. The crushed material supplied to the guide groove 12 is crushed and reduced in volume when passing through the volume reduction gap 11M and the narrow ring slit 11A. The material to be crushed supplied to the guide groove 12 has a volume reduction gap 11 from the guide groove 12.
To the M, the volume is reduced while being transferred from the volume reduction gap 11M to the guide groove 12, and the volume is gradually transferred downward. After being transferred to the lower part of the guide groove 12, it passes through the narrow ring slit 11A provided at the lower end of the extrusion gap 11, and when passing, it is further reduced in volume and discharged from the extrusion gap 11. The space between the volume reduction gap 11M and the narrow ring slit 11A is shown in FIG.
And the same design as the device shown in FIG.

The volume reducing cylinder 8A and the rotating member 8B are
The volume reducing cylinder 8A and the rotating member 8B are cooled to lower the volume reducing temperature. The apparatus shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 includes a cooling cavity 1 in a rotating member 8B and a volume reducing cylinder 8A.
6 is provided. Cooling water is circulated through the cavity 16.

In order to circulate the cooling water in the cavity 16, the rotary member 8B has a rotary joint 17 connected to the lower end of the rotary shaft 8a. The cavity 16 of the rotating member 8B is connected to a rotary joint 17 via a circulation path 18 opened at the center of the rotating shaft 8a. The rotating shaft 8a has a built-in double pipe circulation path 18. The double pipe of the rotating shaft 8a is connected to the inflow side and the discharge side of the cavity 16. The double pipe circulation path 18 is connected via a rotary joint 17 to a cooling water inflow path and a cooling water inflow path. The cavity 16 of the volume reducing cylinder 8A is connected to the inflow path and the discharge path of the cooling water.
The cold water supplied from the cooling water inflow passage circulates through the rotating member 8B and the cavity 16 of the volume reducing cylinder 8A to cool the rotating member 8B and the volume reducing cylinder 8A.

Further, the volume reducing device shown in FIGS. 9 and 15 is
The volume reduction cylinder is set up vertically. The vertical volume reduction cylinder 8A can supply the crushed material to the extrusion gap most efficiently. However, it goes without saying that the volume reduction cylinder 8A can be disposed slightly inclined from the vertical position. Therefore, in the present specification, vertically disposing the volume reduction cylinder 8A means that the volume reduction cylinder 8A
Is arranged substantially vertically.

[0056]

According to the crushing apparatus of the present invention, when the rotary cutter is rotated in the forward direction, the crushed object is sandwiched between the rotary blades for cutting, and when the rotary cutter is reversed, the crushed object is sandwiched between the rotary blade and the fixed blade. Disconnect. That is, the rotary cutter
Cut the object to be crushed both when it rotates forward and when it reverses. This device reverses the rotary cutter when the object to be crushed is wrapped around the rotary cutter or when the object to be crushed is stuck in the cutting portion and cannot rotate smoothly. Objects to be crushed when the rotary cutter rotates forward
Is sandwiched between rotary blades to form a strip. Belt-shaped object to be crushed
Tries to wind around the shaft of a rotary cutter
However, since the scraping blade is close to the surface of the shaft,
It is scraped off by the scraping blade to prevent wrapping. others
Therefore, the rotary cutter that rotates forward rotates the crushed object.
Efficiently cut into strips with a blade and cut into strips
Is forced to hang downward. This state
In most conditions, the object to be crushed can be crushed efficiently.
You. However, depending on the type and form of the crushed material,
Rotate the cutter normally when the crushed material is clogged
It may not be possible. When this happens, the rotary
-Reverse the cutter. The reversing rotary cutter cuts the material to be crushed at a portion different from that in the normal rotation. For this reason, when the rotary cutter that rotates in the forward direction is clogged with the crushed object, if the rotary cutter is inverted, the crushed object will be cut between the rotary blade and the fixed blade in a state different from the normal rotation state in the inverted state. Supplied in parts. That is, even if a large amount of crushed material is locally supplied by the rotary blade of the rotary cutter that rotates forward and becomes clogged, in the state where the rotary cutter is reversed, the cutting portion of the rotary blade and the fixed blade is not always the same. It can be cut with a rotary blade and a fixed blade without being sent to. When the rotary blade and fixed blade of the rotary cutter become clogged with crushed objects after reversing several times,
When the rotary cutter is switched from inversion to normal rotation, the crushed material is supplied to the cutting portion of the rotary blade in a different state and cut. In this way, the object to be crushed is cut in both forward and reverse directions, and the object to be crushed is cut in different states.
In addition , it has the feature that it can smoothly cut a crushed object to be crushed.

Further, in the crushing apparatus of the present invention, when the rotary cutter is inverted while the strip-shaped crushed object is wound between the rotary blades of the rotary cutter, the wrapped strip-shaped crushed object is removed from the surface of the rotary shaft. Get apart and get thicker. In this state, when the rotary cutter is further inverted, the crushed object separated from the rotary shaft is cut by the rotary blade and the fixed blade and removed from the rotary cutter. For this reason,
It is also possible to realize an excellent feature that a strip-shaped crushed object that is easily wound can be easily removed without disassembling the crushing device and the rotary cutter of the present invention.

Further, the crushing apparatus according to the third aspect of the present invention has a feature that the crushed object can be crushed extremely safely and efficiently. This is because the apparatus of claim 3 has a conical elbow provided on the supply side of the rotary cutter, and the conical elbow smoothly converges the object to be crushed and supplies it to the rotary cutter. The device for supplying the object to be crushed to the rotary cutter with the conical elbow smoothly draws in the object to be crushed, such as a film, and crushes it, so that it is not necessary to manually insert the object to be crushed. For this reason, there is a feature that, unlike a conventional device, there is no serious accident in which a finger or the like of a hand is cut by a rotary cutter, and the device can be used safely.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a horizontal sectional view of a conventional crusher.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the crusher shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the crusher shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a rotary blade of a rotary cutter.

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of a crusher according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an example of a fixed blade.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a spline roll which is a tension roll.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a state in which the crushing device of the present invention is mounted on a volume reducing device.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of the volume reducing device shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 shows another example of a volume reduction device equipped with a crushing device.
Enlarged sectional view showing

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a rotating member of the volume reducing device shown in FIG.

[13] other rotating member and the volume reduction cylinder of volume reduction device
Exploded perspective view showing an example of

[14] other rotating member and the volume reduction cylinder of volume reduction device
Exploded perspective view showing an example of

FIG. 15 is a vertical sectional view of a volume reducing device having another structure.

FIG. 16 is a plan view of the volume reducing device shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: Rotary cutter 1A: Rotary blade 1B
... Shaft 1C ... Drive shaft 2 ... Drive means 2A ... Motor 2B
… Gear 3… Fixed blade 3A… Comb part 3a
... Inverting blade 3B ... Scraping blade 4 ... Cutting part 5 ... Case 6 ... Tension roll 6A ... Spline roll 6B ... Smooth roll 7 ... Conical elbow 7A ... Horn 8 ... Volume reduction means 8A ... Volume reduction cylinder 8B ... Rotation member 8a ... Rotating shaft 9 ... Volume-reducing opening 10 ... Fine groove 11 ... Extrusion gap (gap between volume-reducing cylinder and rotating member) 11A ... Narrow ring slit (Gap in which extruded crushed material is extruded at the tip of extrusion gap) ) 11M ... Volume-reduced gap (gap for heating the crushed object by rubbing) 12 ... Guide groove 13 ... Forced pull-in ridge 13A ... Outer peripheral surface 13B
... Inner peripheral surface 14 ... Bearing 15 ... Base 16 ... Cavity 17 ... Rotary joint 18 ... Circular path 19 ... Pulley 20 ... Timing belt 21 ... Motor 22 ... Pulley 23 ... Pulverizing discharge blade 24 ... Disc 25 ... Scraper 26 ... Pocket

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A crushing device having the following configuration. (A) The crushing device includes a plurality of rotary cutters (1) and a drive means (2) for rotating the rotary cutters (1). (B) The rotary cutter (1) has a shaft (1
A plurality of rotary blades (1A) are fixed to B) at predetermined intervals. (C) The plurality of rotary cutters (1) are arranged parallel to each other. (D) The adjacent rotary cutters (1) make the center distance (D) of the shaft (1B) closer than the outer diameter (d) of the rotary blade (1A). (E) In the rotary cutter (1), the rotary blades (1A) fixed to the rotary cutters (1) arranged adjacent to each other are inserted between the rotary cutters (1) so that the rotary cutters (1) are adjacent to each other. Fixed rotary blade (1A)
On the side of and, it is configured to cut the crushed object. (F) The drive means (2) for rotating the rotary cutter (1) comprises a reversing mechanism. (G) The driving means (2) rotates a pair of rotary cutters (1) arranged adjacent to each other in opposite directions, and a rotary blade (1A) at a cutting part (4) for cutting the crushed material.
Move the circumference of the from top to bottom. (H) A fixed blade (3) is arranged adjacent to the rotary cutter (1). (I) The fixed blade (3) is located on the opposite side of the cutting portion (4) of the rotary cutter (1) and arranged in parallel with the rotary cutter (1). (J) The fixed blade (3) has a comb part (3A) inserted between the rotary blades (1A) of the rotary cutter (1). (K) The width of the comb portion (3A) is almost equal to the interval between the rotary blades (1A), and the reversing blades (3a) are provided on both side edges facing the side surface of the rotary blade (1A). (L) The fixed blade (3) is a shuff between the rotary blades (1A).
There is a scraping blade (3B) at the tip that approaches the surface of the grate (1B).
I do. (M) With the drive means (2) rotating the rotary cutter (1) in the forward direction, the crushed material is cut by the cutting section (4), and the rotary cutter (1) is inverted, and the fixed blade (3 The reverse blade (3a) and the rotary blade (1A) are configured to cut the crushed object. 2. The scraping blade (3B) is below the shaft (1B).
The crushing device according to claim 1, which approaches a surface. 3. A conical elbow (7) is provided on the supply side of the rotary cutter (1), and the conical elbow (7) is provided.
Is to move the cylinder from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction with a predetermined radius of curvature.
This conical elbow (7) is bent at 0 degrees, and the horn (7A) is fixed to the entrance of the crushed object, and the horn (7A) is formed in a taper shape that increases with the opening. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the crushed object guided by the horn (7A) is converged, the supply direction is changed in the vertical direction, and the crushed object is supplied to the rotary cutter (1).