JP2668040B2 - Facility and method for installing large offshore structures - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a facility for mooring and maintaining the position of a large caisson, a large pier, a seawall caisson, a submerged box, and the like (hereinafter, simply referred to as a "large marine structure"). More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for a large offshore structure facility that is lightweight, compact, has a high holding force, and is easy to install and remove. [Prior art] Conventionally, in order to submerge a large offshore structure such as a giant caisson of 3,000 tons or more on the sea floor, a drum floating winch or several windlass must be attached to the caisson by a large floating crane ship or the like. Or, it was carried out by suspending it with a large sea crane and mooring it with a sinker etc. so that it would be in a predetermined position, then pouring water to balance the water. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] For example, when mooring a large caisson, large winches, windlass, floating cranes, etc., which are used as conventional construction methods, require manufacturing costs, installation costs, installation space, removal costs, wires. There is a problem with damage to the rope, and there is a problem with mooring work between the caisson and the sinker. As an example, consider a case where a pier of 20,000 to 30,000 tons is moored at 10 points on the sea with a tide of 2 knots, and a tension of about 200 tons works on one wire, and the wire diameter is about 127 mm. Is required. If this were to be done using conventional methods, it would be necessary to set up 10 sets of huge winches, which have no track record in the world at present. Further, in order to wind the large-diameter wire as described above on the winch drum, it is necessary to wind the wire while applying a corresponding tension, and this work also requires a great deal of labor. Even in the case of mooring using chains instead of wires, a large chain locker is required in the caisson, and the arrangement on the caisson is limited, and large chains and windlass must be installed. . In addition, when the caisson is affected by the flow velocity, the force applied to the crane ship is dynamic and the crane structure is pulled sideways, in order to take out and lift the wire rope from the crane tip, which is a high point against the flow velocity. Could cause a major accident. For this reason, the work by the floating crane ship had to aim for complete tide stop, and there was a problem that the operating rate and work efficiency were poor. As described above, in the conventional method, in order to obtain the wire tension necessary for mooring, there are problems of the weight of the machine, the required space, and the like, and this is a great disadvantage in designing the structure of a caisson or the like. Also, since the wire is wound around the drum while tension is applied, damage to the wire is always a problem. In addition, the connection between the sinker and the wire is conventionally performed by a diver or the like using a shackle, but especially in the case of a large diameter wire, the weight is large and the handling is not easy, especially at a large water depth and under a high tide. It is extremely technical and economically difficult. Increasing the size of such large cranes, winches, and the vessels on which they are mounted has problems not only with cost but also with operating efficiency and work efficiency. Considering mooring work by divers, etc. This is an expensive operation. Means for Solving the Problems The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and a method for installing a large offshore structure according to the first invention of the present application includes a pair of grips operated by a hydraulic device. A linear winch composed of a device, and a large marine structure on which a mooring wire having one end held through the linear winch and the other end connected to a buoy is placed, tow the buoy at a predetermined position on the sea surface. A pilot wire connected to a support vessel via a hydraulic cylinder drive gripper connected to another buoy and capable of controlling the attachment and detachment of a wire on a mooring sinker previously disposed at a predetermined position; and the pilot wire and the mooring And a large marine structure is laid down after the pilot wire is connected, the mooring wire is held by the gripper and moored by the pilot wire. Further, the facility apparatus of the facility large marine structure according to the second invention of the present application is a linear winch including a pair of grip devices operated by a hydraulic device mounted on the large marine structure,
A hydraulic cylinder drive gripper capable of detachably controlling a wire disposed on a mooring sinker previously disposed at a predetermined position, a mooring wire having one end held by the linear winch and the other end held by a gripper, The support ship is equipped with a device for controlling the gripper, and the gripper is driven and controlled to perform positioning, mooring, sinking, and holding. [Operation] Since the invention of the present application uses a linear winch, in order to hold the tension due to mooring at this portion, the end portion is fixed simply by using a wire reel as shown in the embodiment. It only needs to have enough horsepower to wind or unwind, and it will be better not to use a large one. Also, since the linear winch is small, on the deck of the caisson,
Since it can be installed on the side wall of the caisson (whether above or below the water surface), it has the freedom to limit the space. Further, a gripper operated by a hydraulic cylinder is provided on the sinker, and the mooring wire can be quickly held or released from the work boat by the control means, so that the diver operation can be omitted. [Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention, in which a caisson is taken as an example of a large offshore structure, will be described below with reference to the drawings. The members, arrangements, and the like described below do not limit the present invention and can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Figures 1A and 1B show the tugboat to the caisson installation site and the sinkers pre-deposited at the site.
FIG. 1C is a partially enlarged view of the gripper on the sinker, and FIG. 1D is a plan view of the gripper. The facility apparatus S of this example includes a linear winch 2 provided on a large offshore structure 1, a gripper 4 provided on a mooring sinker 3, and a mooring wire 5 connecting the linear winch 2 and the gripper 4. And a control device 6 for controlling the driving of the gripper 4. The required number of linear winches 2 of the present example is provided on the large offshore structure 1, and a reel 7 for winding an end is provided behind each linear winch 2. As shown in FIGS. 2 (A) to 2 (D), the linear winch 2 has a cylinder device 22 (22a, 22b) which is movable in the longitudinal direction inside one end on the short side of the rectangular frame 21. And grip device 2
3 is fixed. And the rod 24 of the cylinder device 22
A sliding rod 25 is fixed to the tips of (24a, 24b).
The sliding rod 25 is formed so as to slide in the frame body 21 in the longitudinal direction together with the rods 24a and 24b of the cylinder devices 22a and 22b. A grip device 26 is fixed to the side of the sliding rod 25 opposite to the cylinder device 22. Guide to the grip device 26
It can also be formed so as not to swing by 27 (shown by the chain line in FIG. 2 (D)). The reel 7 winds one end of the wire 5 drawn by the linear winch 2 and includes a drum, a reel stand for supporting the drum, and other members, and various members for accommodating the wire. Embodiments can be used. When the mooring wire 5 is short, the linear winch 2 is fastened to the side wall of the caisson 1 with a wire (not shown) having an appropriate strength so that it can be easily cut off, and the wire reel 7 is omitted. Can be done. When the mooring wire is long, a separately driven wire reel 7 is provided as in this embodiment to wind the mooring wire. As shown in FIG. 1A, one end of the wire rope 5 is
The other end is guided by the mesh wheel 9 through the gripping devices 23 and 26 of the linear winch 2, and furthermore, a cable for guiding the wire rope 5 in a required direction so as not to be entangled or rubbed and damaged. Through a conductor (not shown)
Connected to buoy 10. Thus, the mooring wire 5
From the work boat F1. On the other hand, the gripper 4 is provided on the upper surface of the sinker 3 of this example.
And a pressure accumulator 8. Gripper 4 of this example
Is the two hydraulic cylinders 41,41 as shown in FIG. 1D.
And the holding members 42, 42 driven by the hydraulic cylinders 41, 41.
Consists of The holding members 42, 42 are wedges, and are provided so as to be connected to the rod tips 41a, 41a of the hydraulic cylinders 41, 41. The hydraulic cylinders 41, 41 provided on the gripper 4 are operated by the accumulator 8 to clamp and release the wire 5 between the clamping members 42, 42. Fairlead 4a at the tip of the entrance of wire 5 of gripper 4
Is provided, and a pulley 4b is provided at the exit. The pressure accumulator 8 is connected to the control device 6, and the control device 6 of this example is arranged on the work boat F2 and connected to the pressure accumulator 8 using the control cable 12. The pressure accumulator 8 may be installed on the work ship F2 as a support ship. The sinker 3 for mooring is previously settled at a predetermined position,
At this time, the pilot wire 13 having one end connected to the buoy 11
Is passed through the gripper 4 in advance, and the other end of the pilot wire 13 is wound around a winch 14 mounted on the work boat F2. The control device 6 has at least a function of turning on / off the driving power source of the gripper 4. As the control device 6 of the present embodiment, in addition to the above, there is provided a means for detecting that the end of the pilot wire 13 passes through the gripper 4 and operating the hydraulic device based on the detection result.
If the length of the pilot wire is set to a predetermined length in advance, such detecting means becomes unnecessary. Next, the operating state of the embodiment having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 (A) to (D). When the caisson 1 is towed to the installation site by the work boat F1 and arrives at the installation site, as shown in FIG. 1B, the mooring wire 5 and the pilot wire attached to the buoys 10 and 11 by another work boat F2 Connect the 13 ends. In this way, since the mooring wire 5 and the pilot wire 13 connected to the ends of the buoys 10 and 11 floating on the sea surface are connected to each other, diving work is unnecessary. When the connection is completed, the control device 6 is started. Next, the pilot wire 13 is supported by the winch 14 on the support ship F2.
Take up with. When the end of the pilot wire 13 passes through the gripper 4, that is, when the mooring wire 5 passes through the gripper 4, the accumulator 8 is operated by the control device 6 and the wire 5 is held by the gripper 4. This operation is performed for the number of mooring wires 5 installed. Then, each linear winch 2 is driven. At this time, the reel 7 is driven. The linear winch 2 is driven until the caisson reaches the installation position, and when it reaches a predetermined position, the linear winch 2 is stopped while holding the wire 5 by the grip devices 23 and 26. The linear winch 2 operates as follows. Close the grip device 26 fixed to the sliding rod 25 to close the wire rope 5.
Strongly. Then, the grip device 23 fixed to the frame body 21 is opened so that the wire rope 5 can freely pass through the grip device 23 (see FIG. 2 (A)). Next, the cylinder device 22 (22a, 22b) is operated to push up the sliding rod 25, whereby the wire rope 5 can be moved while being tensioned (see FIG. 2 (B)). When the rod 24 (24a, 24b) of the cylinder device 22 extends to the maximum, the grip device 23 is closed, the wire rope 5 is strongly clamped, the grip device 26 is opened, and the rod 24 of the cylinder device 22 is contracted (second). (See FIG. (C)), the grip device 26 is returned to the original position. During this time, the wire rope 5 is clamped by the grip device 23, and the tension of the wire rope is maintained. After the contraction of the cylinder device is completed, the grip device 26 is closed to firmly clamp the wire rope, and the grip device 23 is opened (see FIG. 2 (D)). Then, the wire rope is pulled in by repeating the above-described operation. In this manner, the caisson 1 is moored at a predetermined position, and then water is poured and the caisson 1 is sunk while being filled with water ballast. Then, after sunk, the gripper 4 is opened by the control device 6 to release the mooring. 3A and 3B show the second embodiment.
In this example, the same members and arrangements as those in the above-mentioned embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. In this example, one end of the part 5a to be the mooring wire 5 is attached to the gripper 4 in advance, the other end is connected to the buoy 11, and the sinker 3 is sunk. In this case workboat F1
Since the mooring wires 5 and 5a can be connected to each other by the shackle 18 or the like, the support ship F2 as in the above embodiment is unnecessary. In this example, a buoy 15 having a transmitting / receiving device (not shown) is used.
Is connected to the pressure accumulator 8 via the buoy 15 and the cable 16 so that it can be remotely controlled from the workboat F1. Note that the transmitting / receiving device and the like can use well-known techniques. [Effects] As described above, the present invention installs a linear winch on a large offshore structure and controls the gripper, so that deep water can be installed in a large offshore structure such as a giant caisson under high tide. The cost can be reduced, diver work can be omitted, work safety can be achieved, and the operation rate and work efficiency can be improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, and includes FIGS.
1C shows a first embodiment, FIGS. 1A and 1B are explanatory views,
1C is a partially enlarged view, FIG. 1D is a plan view, FIG. 2 is an operation explanatory view, and FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory views showing a second embodiment. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Large marine structure (caisson), 2 ... Linear winch, 3 ... Sinker, 4 ... Gripper, 5 ... Wire, 6 ... Control device, 7 ... Reel, 8 ... Pressure accumulator, 9 …… mesh, 10,11… buoy, 12,16 …… cable, S …… large offshore structure facility equipment.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] A linear winch composed of a pair of grip devices operated by a hydraulic device, and a large marine structure on which a mooring wire having one end held via the linear winch and the other end connected to a buoy is towed, A bi-lot that floats the buoy at a predetermined position on the sea surface, is connected to another buoy, and is connected to a support vessel via a hydraulic cylinder-driven gripper capable of detachably controlling a wire on a mooring sinker previously disposed at a predetermined position. After connecting the wire, the pilot wire and the mooring wire, winding the pilot wire and holding and mooring the mooring wire with the gripper, the large offshore structure is located and settled. Facility method for large offshore structures. 2. A linear winch consisting of a pair of grip devices operated by a hydraulic device mounted on a large offshore structure, and a hydraulic cylinder capable of controlling the attachment / detachment of a wire provided on a mooring sinker previously placed at a predetermined position Drive gripper,
A mooring wire, one end of which is held by the linear winch and the other end of which is held by a gripper, and a support boat equipped with a device for controlling the gripper. A facility equipment for a facility large offshore structure characterized by holding.