JP2660424B2 - Method and apparatus for producing fine particles of liquid or melt - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, a method for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt is to strike those sprays against a hard plate as shown in FIG. In that case, the size of these fine particles varies in size, from small to several microns to large to several hundred microns, and these cannot be said to be fine particles. In airless sprays, the particle size distribution is relatively stable, but their particle size is in the range of 20 to 60 microns. A cross-cut nozzle developed by Nordson Corporation (USA) was used. In some cases, the particle size remained around 12 microns.
However, as the operating conditions at that time, the ejection amount was set to a relatively small amount, that is, 4.73 cc / min, and the distance between the nozzle and the liquid level was set to 3
00 mm and the width of the bottom of the spray pattern is 250 mm. However, even in this case, particularly when the viscosity is relatively high, a tail phenomenon is likely to occur in both directions of the spray pattern, and a large droplet of several hundred microns is generated in the same part. That is, it was difficult to obtain uniformly fine particles as a whole.

[Problems to be Solved] As described above, according to the spray-hard plate collision method, it is effective to obtain fine particles, and a particle size of about 1 micron was obtained. However, on the other hand, some particles were several tens of microns in size, and the so-called grain alignment was poor and unstable.

However, in recent years, with the demand for advanced technology, there has been an increasing need for always and uniformly fine particles and for freely adjusting the density of the aerosols containing them.

The motivation of the present invention was to meet the above needs.

[Means for Solving the Problems] Before that, in the case of the above-mentioned conventional spray-to-hard plate collision method, I would like to investigate the cause of generation of irregular fine particles. Please refer to FIG. 13 again. Chamber (10
In 1), when the liquid or melt is sprayed from the spray nozzle (102) and hits against the hard plate (105), the particles in the spray collide with the hard plate, crush and break in the air. Scatters into smaller particles. However, although good at first, with the passage of time, a liquid or a melt adheres to the surface of the hard plate (105), and gradually accumulates and becomes thick as seen in FIG. Also, their surfaces gradually dry, that is, the viscosity of the liquid or melt increases, and may eventually solidify. When the hardness of the plate surface changes over time as described above, the size of the fine particles colliding with and crushing those surfaces also changes over time. This is considered to be a major reason why the particle size of the fine particles in the spray-hard plate collision method becomes unstable with time.

However, the above phenomenon was an unavoidable problem as long as a hard plate was used. Therefore, the present inventor paid attention to hitting the spray flow against the surface of the liquid or the molten material that is staying downward without using a hard plate. The surface of the liquid or melt does not change over time as in the case of the hard plate. Accordingly, the force for crushing the particles is not changed, and fine particles having a uniform size can always be stably obtained.

Since the surface of the liquid is much softer than the surface of the hard plate, the effect of crushing is small, and it is likely that it is difficult to obtain finer fine particles. However, the force at the time of collision is proportional to twice the speed at that time, and when it reaches a certain speed or more, the kinetic energy becomes larger,
Demonstrates sufficient crushing power even on soft liquid surfaces,
It was confirmed experimentally that the required fine particles could be obtained. These fine particles are dispersed in a gas to form an aerosol, and when these are used, it is required to freely adjust their densities. It is obtained by intermittently performing the above spray.

The gist of the present invention is to intermittently spray a liquid or melt while striking it onto the surface of a similar liquid or melt, thereby breaking up atomized particles in the spray and making it more finely divided. A method and an apparatus for adjusting the density of the aerosol composed of the particles while simultaneously scattering the resulting particles into a gas on the surface of the liquid or the melt.

First, the method of the present invention will be described. The liquids targeted by the present invention include solvents and emulsions, suspensions and the like. The behavior in which these particles are atomized is slightly different depending on these types, and these will be described separately.

(1) In the case of a solvent This is the case of a solvent such as water or oil. This case is the basis of the method of the present invention. Please refer first to FIG. The liquid (L) is sprayed (SP) inside the chamber (1) with the spray nozzle (2) facing downward. It is assumed that a liquid (L) of the same type as described above accumulates at the bottom of the chamber (1), and the liquid level (Ls) is maintained to be always constant. The liquid level (Ls)
The above spray (SP) flow is struck on top (see FIG. 2). The particles (P) in the spray collide with the liquid surface (Ls), are crushed, become fine, and scatter above the liquid surface (see FIG. 3). Among these more finely divided particles, for example,
Those below 10 micron and p, is more than that of the P _1. The gas in the chamber (1) becomes an ascending airflow (CG) by a spray subsequent to the nozzle (see FIG. 4), and has a relatively large surface area / weight, for example,
Fine particles (p) having a diameter of 10 μm or less have a relatively high gas resistance, that is, a levitation force, and thus are raised by a rising air current (CG) at a certain speed. On the other hand, those having a smaller surface area / weight than those described above, for example, fine particles of 10 microns or more (P ₁ )
Has a relatively small air resistance, that is, a levitation force, and therefore descends against the above-mentioned updraft (CG). That is, the size of the fine particles rising or falling is determined by a certain speed of the rising air flow, and the speed is determined by the amount of the gas sprayed by the two fluids or the amount of the gas introduced into the chamber (1).

The gas containing the fine particles (p) separated and raised in this way, that is, the aerosol is led out of the chamber (1),
It is used for various purposes.

On the other hand, the fine particles (P ₁ ) that have fallen in the chamber (1) reach the surface (Ls) of the same type of liquid, are absorbed by the same type of liquid (L), and are temporarily stored. Then, it is returned into the tank on the spray circuit and sprayed repeatedly.

By keeping the liquid level (Ls), that is, the level, constant, the distance (F) from the nozzle (2) is also constant,
The speed and the crushing force at the time of collision are constant, and fine particles having a uniform particle size can be obtained.

The fine particles thus obtained are dispersed in a gas,
That is, the spray is intermittently diluted by a unit time by performing the spraying intermittently, so that a smoke having a low density can be obtained as a whole. For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, when it is desired to reduce the density of the aerosol to three-fifths that of a case where the spray is continuously sprayed,
In the case of 50 cycles, that is, 20 ms (milliseconds) per cycle, the spray "open" is set to 12 ms and the spray "close" is set to 8 ms, and the spray may be performed intermittently. As shown in the figure, the spray "open" may be 4 ms, and the "close" may be 16 ms. The selection of the intermittent time and the cycle can be easily and arbitrarily set by using the pulse controller.

(2) In the case of a solution A solution is a liquid in which another substance is uniformly dissolved.
That is, another substance is dispersed in a molecular state in a solvent that is a liquid. The state of miniaturization due to the crushing of the particles of the solution at the time of these collisions is almost the same as the case of the solvent described in the above item 1, but the behavior before the micronization leads to the micronization is slightly different. .

Originally, molecules of other substances are dispersed in the form of molecules in a solvent that is liquid in the solution, and in general, the solvent often has a lower boiling point than the dispersoid Things.

The spray particles of these solutions collide with the liquid surface and are finely divided by crushing, which is almost the same as the case of the solvent described in the above item 1. The solvent quality in the particles (P ₁ ) thus refined gradually evaporates or decreases as shown in FIG. 6 due to the relatively low boiling point (P ₁ → P ₁ ′ → pc). The high boiling point dispersoids remain and their mixing ratios are reversed.
That is, the solvent is vaporized by the heating operation, and fine particles of a solution having a desired mixing ratio can be obtained depending on the degree thereof.

Further, when the solvent is completely vaporized, fine particles consisting of only the dispersoid can be obtained.

(3) In the case of an emulsion An emulsion is a liquid in which another kind of liquid is dispersed in a particulate state. That is, it may be considered that the molecular dispersion in the above item 2 is replaced by the particle dispersion, and therefore, in the behavior in collision crushing, the particles are made finer through the same process as in the case of the solution. You can think about it. Therefore, the composition ratio of the emulsion of finely divided fine particles can also be changed within a certain range,
Fine particles consisting of only dispersoids can be obtained.

(4) In the case of a suspension, a liquid in which solid particles in a liquid are dispersed,
Examples thereof include a dispersion type coating agent and a powder slurry. This liquid is slightly different from the above-mentioned liquids, and the state of collision and crushing will be described. Seventh
See the figure. Among the particles sprayed (SP ₁ ) from the nozzle (2) of the suspension (DS), particles of a solid alone (p), a plurality of aggregated particles of a solid (pp), and particles of a liquid only (Pl) ), Mixed particles of liquid and solid particles (Pp) and the like. When the latter particles (Pp) collide with the liquid surface (DSs), fine particles (p) consisting of only solids or a plurality of fine particles (p) as shown in FIG. Individually agglomerated particles (pp), liquid-only particles (P
l), liquid-only fine particles (pl), and mixed particles of liquid and solid fine particles (Pp ₁ ). Among these, the fine particles (p) of a simple solid and the fine particles (pl) of a liquid alone have relatively large surface areas / weights as described in the above-mentioned item 1, and therefore, as shown in FIG. Ascending in the updraft, those smaller ones descend against the updraft and are separated by particle size. Further heating to remove the required amount of vaporizable liquid,
Alternatively, only solid fine particles can be obtained by removing all liquids.

In addition, although the description will be before and after, in the case of suspensions, solid particles tend to settle while moving in the piping of the spray circuit, so care must be taken not to stop their flow. Is essential.

The above description has been made in the case of various forms of liquid. Next, the case of melt is described. The melt is a material that is melted by heating to become a liquid. Although its area is wide, such as metals and ores, thermoplastics, silicic acids, etc. are targeted for the time being. When these are sprayed, the behavior of forming fine particles is almost the same as in the case of the above-mentioned liquid of item 1, and in the case of a melt in which fine particles having a higher melting point are dispersed in the melt, These fine particles can be obtained as in the case of the suspension in the above item (4).

There are two methods of spraying the above liquid or melt, two-fluid spray and airless spray, but each of them has its own characteristics, and these will be described.

Originally, a two-fluid spray sprays a considerable amount (a few hundred times the weight of a liquid) of gas upon the spray.
After the ejection, the gas becomes a carrier airflow for separating fine particles as described above. And the flow velocity necessarily depends on the amount of jet. However, the flow rate is not always optimal for separation. Rather, it is rare to satisfy both conditions simultaneously.

On the other hand, in airless spraying, no gas is used for spraying. Therefore, it is necessary to create a flow of gas for separation. For example, if a gas is introduced from the outside, it can be separated from the spray and alone can satisfy the conditions of the airflow for separation. In the case of airless spraying, since no air is used, the liquid surface does not dry, that is, without increasing the concentration (viscosity) of the liquid surface to be sprayed, so that a constant state can always be maintained. is there. These are the advantages of airless spraying.

In addition, as a result of performing various experiments on the basic type of the present invention, various data and additional items for obtaining better results were obtained.

1) The spray is airless spray or airless spray with auxiliary air or their hot type.

2) The spray is a two-fluid spray or its hot spray.

3) The initial velocity of the jet from the nozzle hole is 25m / sec. This is, of course, to increase the kinetic energy and further increase the crushing force at the time of collision.

4) The distance (F) from the tip of the nozzle (2) to the liquid level (Ls) must be 75 mm or less. This is an important factor, especially when the flow rate from the nozzle is small.

5) The opening angle of the spray pattern must be 70 degrees or more. The purpose of this is to reduce the size of the particles during the airless spray, that is, the size of the particles before the impact crushing, particularly in the case of the airless spray.

6) In order to prevent aggregation of a large number of fine particles generated by the liquid surface collision of the spray, the fine particles are charged with static electricity and thereby repulsively separated from each other. That is, corona discharge is performed in the chamber.

7) In the case of an airless spray, a gas is introduced into the chamber (1) to generate an updraft (CG).

8) in the spraying of the emulsion or suspension, heating the aerosol consisting of the liquid and solid particles produced by the collision and evaporating the liquid particles to reduce the liquid particles, or To produce an aerosol consisting solely of solid particulates.

9) Cooling the aerosols produced by spray impingement of liquids or melts and rapidly solidifying the fine particles therein.

10) Spray a suspension containing fine particles with a particle size of 1 micron or less as a dispersoid, and obtain an aerosol from the fine particles.

11) The weight ratio between the dispersoid and the solvent in the suspension shall be 1 or less.

12) In airless spraying of suspension, the circuit of the device should be of a circulation type. The reason is that in the case of the intermittent spray, in the case of the non-circulation type, when the spray is "break", the flow of the suspension is stopped, and the solid fine particles in the liquid may settle, that is, the concentration of the solid particles may change. Such a problem does not occur if the suspension is kept flowing even at the time of "break".

13) In the case of suspensions as well, an in-pipe mixer should be provided at the required location along the circuit piping.

14) In the case of suspension as well, an automatic concentration controller should be provided in the tank.

Next, the basic structure of the device of the present invention based on the above method will be described. See FIG. A spray gun (13) of an airless spray device (26) is provided on the outer wall of the side wall of the vertical chamber (11), almost in the middle, and the gun penetrates through the side wall, and the inside of the vertical chamber (11) is opened. Arm (14) and spray nozzle (12) at the tip
Is provided downward, and the nozzle and the gun (13) are connected by piping, and the gun is further connected to a timer or a pulse controller (6).
0). The lower part of the vertical chamber (11) is a liquid storage chamber (15) for temporarily storing liquid, and the lower end of the liquid storage chamber is connected to a return pipe (16). The liquid is guided to the tank (19) of the airless spray device (26) through the air tank. The pump (28) and the filter (2) are connected to the tank by a conventional airless spray pipe (27).
9), connected to the gun (13) via a regulator (47) and the like. In the case of a two-fluid spray, as shown by the phantom line in the figure, the pipe (21) of the liquid supply device (20)
From the tank (19) via a regulator (22), etc., and the pipe (24) of the spray gas supply device (23) from the gas generator (CA) via a regulator (25) etc. ). These pipes (21,24,
27) On the top, heaters (48, 49, 54) are provided as necessary. In addition, the tank (19) can be removed, and the liquid storage chamber (15) can also be used as the tank. In that case, return piping (16) from the liquid storage chamber to the tank (19)
Is connected to the inlet of the pump (28) via a check valve (59).

Since the liquid level in the liquid storage chamber (15) is desirably kept at a constant distance (F) from the tip of the spray nozzle (12), for example, 75 mm, the liquid level (Ls) is adjusted. A level controller (36) is provided for automatically maintaining a constant. The figure shows a capacitance type.

In the case of airless spray, the above level (L
Slightly above s), on the side wall of the vertical chamber (11), a gas inlet (18) and an inlet gas supply device (3
0) is desirably provided.

The upper end of the inside of the above chamber (11)
7), but if necessary, an eliminator (53) for removing liquid fine particles is provided in front of the port. A gas discharge pipe (50) is connected to the aerosol discharge port (17), and a heater (55) is mounted on the pipe if necessary.

It is desirable that the chamber (11) main body is vertically elastic. In this case, the main body is divided into upper and lower parts and connected as a cylindrical slide type (11A, 11B). This is for adjusting the height (H) from the spray nozzle (12) to the upper part in the chamber (11) in the chamber (11), and when the eliminator (53) is attached as described above. The height (H ₁ ) to the lower part of the eliminator will be adjusted. The reason for the adjustment is required for the separation of the fine particles by the carrier airflow.

In the case of a suspension, the following measures are desirably taken to prevent sedimentation of solid fine particles in the liquid.
That is, an automatic concentration adjusting device (75) is added to the tank (19) in both the airless spray device and the two-fluid spray device, and an in-pipe mixer (62) is provided at a necessary place on the spray circuit piping. And so on.
In the case of an airless spray device, it is desirable that the spray circuit be a circulation type (63).

[Operation] The operation of the device of the present invention will be described. First, the case of a typical liquid solvent will be described. The liquid (L) is an intermittent electric signal set by a timer or a pulse controller (60) downward from the spray nozzle (12) of the conventional airless spray device (26) or the airless spray device (20, 23). Or it is intermittently sprayed (SP) by a pulsed electric signal or the like. That is, the liquid is sprayed except for the time of the “break”, and the flow thereof is changed to the level (L) of the liquid (L) accumulated in the liquid reservoir (15).
s) Hit on top. The distance (F) between the nozzle (12) and the liquid surface, that is, the level (Ls) is desirably 75 mm or less, which is easily performed by adjusting the position of the level (Ls). Adjustment of the level (Ls) and holding of a fixed position are performed by a level controller (36).

The spray (SP) atomized liquid particles impinge on the liquid surface and are crushed and subdivided, reflected and scattered into the gas above the liquid surface. Since the process of atomization is described in detail in the section of the method of the present invention, it is omitted here.

Among the fine particles thus formed, those having a relatively small diameter, for example, those having a diameter of 10 μm or less, ride on the upward convection airflow accompanying the spray flow in the airless spray in the vertical chamber (11). If it rises above 10 microns, it will not fall against its airflow.
As described in the above section of the present invention. In this case, 10
Although it is assumed to be microns, the choice of its size is determined by the speed of the updraft. The updraft in the convection described above is generated following the spray in the airless spray, and its speed cannot be selected.
Therefore, when an appropriate flow velocity is required, a gas must be separately introduced from the outside by an independent operation to generate an updraft having a required velocity. That is, the amount of gas required by adjusting the regulator (33) is introduced into the chamber (11) by the introduction gas supply device (30) (G). In this way, the fine particles having a certain particle diameter generated in the chamber (11) are separated by being raised or lowered by the rising air current (CG), but the rising distance (H) is also limited. Although it varies depending on the substance and particle size of the fine particles, experimental data of at least 200 mm or more have been obtained.

In this way, the aerosol containing fine particles having a required small particle diameter is taken out of the chamber (11) through the aerosol exhaust pipe (50) from the gas outlet (17). And it is directly used for various applications.

The case of a liquid solvent has been described above. Next, a case of a plurality of liquids having different boiling points, that is, a case of a solution or an emulsion will be described.

The process of forming the liquid particles into fine particles on the liquid surface and the process of selecting the same are the same as in the case of the above-described liquid solvent, and only the particles having a relatively small diameter rise. However, among them, a single kind or plural kinds of fine particles are mixed. When it is desired to remove a certain kind of fine particles from among these plural kinds of fine particles, and when it is lower in boiling point than other kinds of fine particles, it is sufficient to heat the fine particles to a temperature higher than the boiling point. The heating method is based on various spray devices (2) before the spray nozzle (12).
0, 23, 26), the inside of the introduced gas supply device (30), the inside of the chamber (11), the inside of the liquid storage chamber (15), the inside of the aerosol discharge pipe (50) and the like. In this way, an aerosol composed only of fine particles having a high boiling point can be taken out from the gas discharge pipe (50).

In the case of a suspension, fine particles of the liquid and the solid are generated after the liquid level collision, so that it is sufficient to heat the liquid to a temperature higher than the boiling point of the liquid. An aerosol with only fine particles is obtained.

Heating has been mentioned as a method for removing a liquid having a low boiling point in the case of the above-mentioned solution, emulsion and suspension, but an eliminator (53) can also be used as shown in FIG. However, this is desirably used in combination with the various heaters described above.

Finally, as for the melt, if it is a single-substance melt, a fine particle aerosol composed of the same melt is obtained through substantially the same process as in the case of the liquid solvent described above. In addition, if the physical mixture of the physical properties of a plurality of types of substances, as in the case of the above-mentioned solution or emulsion, suspension, by heating above the boiling point in them, they are The removed solid fine particles can be obtained.

[Embodiment] 1. In the above description, the chamber in the present apparatus is of a vertical type, but it may be of a horizontal type. See FIG. In the horizontal type, the carrier gas is caused to flow in the horizontal direction (CG ₁ ), and relatively large particles are settled during the horizontal movement (Lw). In the case of the horizontal type as opposed to the vertical type in the case of the vertical type, as shown in FIG. 12, sedimentation is caused by the synthesis (F) of the wind force (CG ₁ ) and the gravity (W), and the drop ( During h),
Since fine particles of various sizes are mixed, there is a disadvantage that clear separation is difficult. However, a horizontal type may be suitable for the convenience of the building or for the convenience of the equipment before and after the process.

2. Generally, a timer is used for transmitting an intermittent electric signal, but it is preferable to use a pulse controller in the present invention. The reason is that the intermittent electrical signal can be easily selected and set as a pulse-like signal with the intermittent cycle and their time distribution in milliseconds and relatively stepless.

3. For the suspension, the circulation circuit (63) is more preferable in the airless spray device. The reason is to prevent the suspension from settling. That is, even when the spray is "cut off", the liquid is circulated between the gun and the pump, and always flows between the circuits, thereby preventing the solid fine particles from settling in the suspension.

4. As described in the section of the method of the present invention, it is desirable that the interval (F) between the spray nozzle (12) and the liquid level (Ls) is constant. Therefore, as described above, the level controller (36) is required to keep the level constant. Although there are various types of the level controller, it is desirable to use a capacitance type in the device of the present invention. The reason is that there are no moving parts. In the atmosphere where the liquid splatters,
The placement of the mechanically movable part is because the liquid adheres to the movable part and its operation is hindered. In contrast, the capacitance type has no moving parts at all, and can operate normally even when exposed to liquid.

The configuration of the capacitance type level controller (36) will be briefly described. Please refer to FIG. 10 again. The capacitance sensor (37) consists of two electrodes. One is an amplifier (38)
To the high-frequency oscillator (39), the other one is the amplifier (4
The comparator (42) in parallel with the indicator (41) via the 0)
Then, it is electrically connected to a valve drive motor (44) or an air-operated valve (46) using an electromagnet via a relay (43). Next, the operation will be described. First, the high frequency is oscillated by the high frequency oscillator (39), amplified (38), and reaches one electrode in the capacitance type sensor (37). The other electrode senses the amount of electricity generated around the electrode according to the distance between the electrode and the liquid surface (Ls), and increases it (40).
Then, it is input to the comparator (42) in parallel with the signal from the indicator (41), compares the two signals in the comparator, sends a plus or minus signal, and sends it through the relay (43). The signal is transmitted to the drive motor or the electromagnet, and the open / close valve (46) or the liquid amount adjusting valve on the return pipe (16) from the liquid reservoir (15) to the tank (19) is operated. Thus, the level (Ls) in the liquid reservoir (15) can be kept constant. The height of the level can be arbitrarily adjusted by adjusting the indicator (41).

5. When airless spraying is performed in this apparatus, it is necessary to introduce gas into the chamber (11). The reason is that, as described above, large and small particles generated in the chamber (11) are separated by wind power. The configuration will be described. See also FIG. A gas inlet (18) is provided slightly above the liquid level (Ls) in the liquid reservoir (15), below the spray nozzle (12), and on the side wall of the chamber (11). To the air blower (32), connect the pipe (31) in the order of the air volume indicator (35), the filter (34), and the air volume regulator (33), and if necessary, place the heater (52) on the pipe. With piping (3
1) Connect. The gas inlet (18) is better provided below the capacitance type sensor (37).
The operation of the introduced gas supply device (30) is the same as that of a conventional general device, and the description thereof is omitted. However, the flow of the carrier gas flow (CG) of the gas introduced into the chamber (11) does not cause turbulence, It is important to raise the flow as parallel flow.

6. When removing liquid fine particles from the generated fine particles using a suspension or the like in this device, the eliminator (53) is placed above the chamber (11) to help remove the liquid fine particles by heating. It can be provided in front of the aerosol discharge port (17).

(7) In the case of a suspension, as described in the section (3), a circulation circuit type can be adopted in the airless spray device, but in the case of a two-fluid spray, it is difficult, so It is desirable to incorporate an in-pipe mixer (62) on the circuit piping. An in-pipe mixer is one in which a mixer is provided inside a pipe that can be connected to the above-mentioned pipe, and includes a static mixer (with a buffering plate) and a dynamic mixer (with a built-in stirring blade). ) And so on.

8. When the liquid sprayed in the chamber returns to the tank, a part of the liquid is vaporized, and the concentration thereof naturally increases. It must be restored to normal concentration in the tank. In this embodiment, an automatic density adjusting device for automatically performing this is attached to the device of the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 10 again. The stirrer (71) is always operated in the tank (19) to keep the concentration in the tank uniform. The concentration detector (72) detects the concentration,
If it exceeds the set value, the concentration controller (7
3) Emit an electric signal from the tank (76) and drive the motor (79) for the pump (78) on the pipe (77) from the solvent tank (76) to put the solvent (S) into the airless spray tank (19). Supply. And when diluted to a moderate concentration,
The concentration detector (72) detects and transmits it again, stops the motor (79), and stops the supply of the solvent. In this way, a constant concentration is always maintained. At the same time, the liquid in the airless spray tank (19) is depleted, and when the liquid level falls, the lower limit (85) operates,
By driving the motor (84) for the pump (83) on the pipe (82) from the same type of liquid tank (81), the same liquid is supplied into the airless spray tank (19), and the upper limit (8
When it reaches 6), the supply is stopped. In this way, the volume of the liquid in the airless spray tank (19) can be automatically kept within a predetermined range.

[Effects] According to the method and the apparatus of the present invention, fine particles generated by spraying a liquid or a melt have no large variation, and the density of the aerosol composed of them can be freely selected within a certain range. In addition, it can be obtained stably.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a method of the present invention (hereinafter, the present invention will be abbreviated to the present invention unless otherwise specified). FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a state in which a spray of a liquid or a melt collides with a liquid surface.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the {A} part in the above figure. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the {B} part in Fig. 2. Figs. 5A and 5B are the ejection time graphs in the intermittent spray. Fig. 6 is the solution or milk. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a state in which vaporized components in particles such as a turbid liquid and a suspension evaporate and decrease. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a spray of a suspension collides with a liquid surface. FIG. Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of the {D} part in the above figure. Fig. 10 is a side sectional view and a structural explanatory view of the structure of the vertical type apparatus. Fig. 11 is a side view of the structure of the horizontal type apparatus. Cross-sectional view Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of the upper {E} part of the figure. Fig. 13 is an explanatory view of a conventional spray impact plate type. Fig. 14 is an explanatory view of a state in which liquid is laminated on the impact plate surface of the same figure. Description 1,11 …… Vertical chamber, 2,12 …… Spray nozzle, 3,13
…… Gun, 5,15 …… Liquid chamber, 6,60 …… Timer or pulse controller 16 …… Return piping, 17 …… Gas outlet, 18 …… Gas inlet, 19 …… Tank, 20 …… Two-fluid spray device, 23 ……
Spray gas supply device 26 …… Airless spray device, 30 …… Gas supply device, 36
…… Capacitance type controller, 91 …… Horizontal chamber, 10
5: Impact plate, CG: Carrier gas, DS: Suspension, DSs:
Suspension body surface, G: introduced gas, p: single solid fine particles, pp: aggregated particles of multiple solid fine particles, Pp ...
Aggregated particles of liquid and solid fine particles, pl ... Liquid fine particles

Claims (31)

(57) [Claims] 1. A liquid (L) or a melt (M) is intermittently sprayed (SP) at a required interval from a spray nozzle (2), and a surface of a liquid or a melt of the same kind is sprayed. (Ls), and the reaction force causes the particles in the spray to be crushed and scattered to generate fine particles, which are then obtained as an aerosol dispersed in a gas. Method. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is a solvent or a solution, an emulsion, or a suspension. 3. The method for producing liquid fine particles according to claim 2, wherein the particle diameter of the solid fine particles as the dispersoid in the suspension is 1 μm or less. 4. The method for producing liquid fine particles according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio between the dispersoid and the solvent in the suspension is 1 or less. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the spray is an airless spray or an airless spray with auxiliary air, or a hot spray thereof. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the spray is a two-fluid spray or a hot spray thereof. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein a distance (F) between the nozzle and the liquid surface in the spray is 75 mm or less.
7. The method for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt according to item 6 or 7. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the spray pattern has an opening angle (α) of 70 degrees or more in the spray.
Item 8. The method for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt according to Item 5, 6 or 7. 9. The method according to claim 9, wherein the initial velocity from the nozzle in the spray is 25
Claims 1 and 5 wherein the rate is from m / sec to 150 m / sec.
Item 9. The method for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt according to Item 6, Item 6, Item 7, or Item 8. 10. An aerosol composed of liquid and solid fine particles generated by spray collision of a suspension is heated to vaporize the liquid fine particles to reduce them, or completely vaporize them to solid solids. 5. The method for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt according to claim 1, wherein only fine particles are obtained. 11. The liquid or molten liquid according to claim 1, wherein a large number of fine particles generated by spray collision of the liquid or the melt are charged with static electricity and separated from each other to obtain a single fine particle. Method of producing body microparticles. 12. Spraying is performed in the chamber (1), and gas (G) is supplied from a lower part inside the chamber and an upper part above the liquid level.
2. A gas flow (CG) is obtained by introducing gas, and the gas is heated or cooled as necessary.
The method for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt according to the above item. 13. The liquid or liquid according to claim 1, wherein an aerosol containing liquid or molten fine particles is guided from the chamber (1) to heat or cool the aerosol. A method for producing fine particles of a melt. 14. The method for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles dispersed and suspended in the gas are put in a gas stream and guided to a required place. 15. The liquid or molten fine particles according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles dispersed and suspended in the gas are placed on an air flow, and the size of the fine particles is separated according to the speed of the air flow. Generation method. 16. A vertical spray chamber (11) is provided; b. A spray gun (13) of a spray device is provided on a side wall of the vertical chamber (11); c. The gun (13) is wired and connected to a timer or a pulse controller (60). D. The spray nozzle (12) is inserted into the vertical chamber (11) from the gun (13) via the arm (14). ) Is provided downward. E. The bottom of the vertical chamber (11) is a liquid storage chamber (15), and the lower end of the chamber is the tank (19) of the spray device (20) and the valve (45). ), And f. At the upper end of the vertical chamber (11), a fume discharge port (17) and a fume discharge pipe (50) connected to it are provided. An apparatus for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt, characterized in that: 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the vertical chamber (11) is a horizontal chamber (91). 18. A vertical (11) or horizontal chamber (91),
In the middle of them, it is divided into two (11A, 11B),
18. The liquid or molten fine particle generating apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said liquid or molten fine particles are connected to each other in a slidable manner and fixed at an arbitrary position. 19. A patent wherein the spraying device is an airless spraying device (26) or an airless spraying device with auxiliary air or a hot type thereof and, if necessary, a circulation type circuit (63). Claims
Item 18. An apparatus for producing liquid or molten fine particles according to Item 16 or 17. 20. Apparatus according to claim 16 or claim 17, wherein the spray device is a two-fluid spray device (20, 23) or a hot type thereof. 21. The apparatus for producing fine particles of liquid or melt according to claim 16, wherein the spray gun is provided inside a vertical or horizontal chamber. 22. An apparatus for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt according to claim 16, wherein the liquid storage chamber (15 or 95) is of a heating type. 23. The apparatus for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt according to claim 16, wherein a level controller (36) is provided in the liquid storage chamber (15 or 95). . 24. A gas inlet (18 or 98) is provided at an intermediate portion between the liquid surface (Ls) in the liquid storage chamber (15 or 95) and the spray nozzle (12 or 92) and on the side wall of the chamber. 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said port is connected to the introduction gas supply device (30) or a heating type introduction gas supply device by piping.
Item 18. An apparatus for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt according to item 17 or 17. 25. A patent characterized in that an eliminator (53 or 96) for removing liquid particles is provided in front of an aerosol discharge port (17 or 97) inside a vertical (11) or horizontal chamber (91). 18. An apparatus for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt according to claim 16 or 17. 26. The spray nozzle (12) or the chamber (11 or 91), wherein static electricity applying electrodes (56, 57) are provided in the chamber (11 or 91).
An apparatus for producing fine particles of a liquid or a melt according to claim 1. 27. A liquid or molten fine particle according to claim 16, wherein a heating or cooling device is provided on the vertical (11) or horizontal chamber (91). Generator. 28. A heating or cooling device is provided on the aerosol discharge pipe (50, 94).
Item 18. An apparatus for producing liquid or molten fine particles according to Item 16 or 17. 29. A liquid storage chamber (15 or 95) serving also as a tank (19) of a spray device, and the chamber is connected to a pump (28) of an airless spray device (26) via a check valve (59). )
18. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the apparatus is connected to a flow control valve (22) of a two-fluid spray device (20) by piping. 30. An in-pipe mixer (62) provided on a liquid supply pipe (21 or 27) of an airless spray device (26) or a two-fluid spray device (20). Or a device for producing liquid or molten fine particles according to claim 17. 31. An automatic concentration adjusting device (7) in a tank (19).
5) or automatic liquid or melt replenisher as required (80)
18. The apparatus for producing liquid or molten fine particles according to claim 16 or 17, wherein: