JP2639504B2 - Three-dimensional network structure - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a three-dimensional net-like structure composed of thread-like fibers, which is a concrete reinforcing material, a plastics reinforcing material, and a three-dimensional lightweight structure mainly composed of fibers. Is provided.

b) Problems to be solved by the prior art and the invention Conventionally, steel wires and steel rods have been used exclusively for reinforcement of concrete. Recently, however, concrete structures have been reduced in weight and corrosion resistance against seawater and the like has been improved. For this reason, there has been an increasing demand for replacing steel materials with fibrous materials having a low specific gravity and having no risk of rusting. Further, it has been required to use a lightweight material for the matrix to produce a lightweight and strong material.

In order to make the reinforcing material by putting the fiber in concrete, there is a method in which short fiber is already put in mortar, dispersed, and then poured into a mold. This method is suitable for making slabs and significantly increases the tensile strength of concrete. There is FRP in which fiber is reinforced in the form of rods for building materials in the form of rods, but this is only a substitute for reinforcing rods.

If a three-dimensional net-like structure is formed by the thread-like fibers and the fiber is buried in the concrete with no slack in the fiber, a concrete material having the same strength as reinforced concrete can be obtained. Reinforcement of plastics with fibers involves increasing the strength by dispersing short fibers in a matrix, and, rather, by reinforcing fibers with resin as the main component. Reinforcement of plastics with a three-dimensional structure of fibers has not yet been seen, but it is possible to use it as a reinforcing material in the same way as for concrete, and if the three-dimensional fiber structure is further solidified with a resin or the like, It is also possible to use independently as a strong three-dimensional structure.

Conventionally, three-dimensional fabrics are well known as three-dimensional net-like structures. However, this method has a low production speed, and the equipment is complicated and the equipment for producing large products is expensive. Adaptation to the field was difficult.

Although there are attempts to produce a three-dimensional structure by using a woven fabric or a random non-woven fabric as a layered structure, the yarn constituting each of them is bent, and the extension elastic modulus of the yarn cannot be sufficiently exhibited. In addition, a special manufacturing method must be used to make a coarse structure of 2 mm or more in a woven fabric, and a coarse net structure cannot be made in a random nonwoven fabric.

As described above, it is difficult to make a three-dimensional structure formed by keeping a straight line so that the elasticity possessed by the yarn is sufficiently exhibited by using the conventional technology, and a three-dimensional structure having a coarse mesh can be produced at a high productivity. It could not be manufactured well at low cost.

c) Means for solving the problem The characteristic of the fiber material is that it has tensile strength and flexibility.
When this is used as a reinforcing material having a three-dimensional structure, it can be advantageously used if its flexibility is utilized in processing and a tensile strength is exhibited after the structure is formed. Even if the fibers are weak against compression, if the bundle is hardened using a resin or the like, the fibers can withstand compression and bending.

The present applicants have conducted extensive research on efficiently and inexpensively producing a three-dimensional structure having good performance, and as a result, the elastic modulus of extension was 1000 kg / m.
using a net-like nonwoven filament having a m ² or more to constitute a coarse mesh shaking orthogonal or oblique, this was placed in parallel to the layer state, bending the interlayer waveform, Yamagata, a U-shape such as mesh A multi-dimensional three-dimensional network joined by a non-woven fabric has been reached.

The present applicant has already made a method of manufacturing an orthogonal laminated body using yarn (Japanese
No. 51-9067, Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-38783) and an oblique nonwoven fabric manufacturing method (Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-54904) have been invented and industrialized, but the present invention is also an applied invention of these nonwoven fabrics. The production speed of these nonwoven fabrics is orders of magnitude faster than that of woven fabrics (40-
50m / min), the constituent yarns are basically kept straight, and a texture with a coarse structure with a wide range of pitches can be created. Since this coarse structure is fixed with an adhesive, there is no disorder in the network, and the structure is well resistant to matrix filling. If the adhesive used for the adhesion between the yarns is appropriately selected, the affinity with the matrix is increased, and there is no need to perform a special anchor treatment, which is advantageous in both physical properties and economy.

The purpose of the three-dimensional net-like structure is to fill a resin, concrete, or the like as a matrix to produce a structure having high bending strength and tensile strength, and having resistance to cracks and the like. For this purpose, a yarn having a high elongation modulus is used, and furthermore, the yarn is arranged linearly, and for matrix filling, a net-like structure is used to reduce the filling resistance. Mesh spacing is at least 2mm, 5mm for FRP
As mentioned above, in the case of concrete, 30 mm or more is required.
Here, the mesh interval is an interval between yarns running in parallel.

As the net-like flat material of the thread-like material, a weft-laminated nonwoven fabric or an oblique laminated nonwoven fabric is used. Here, the term thread refers to a thread, a bundle of threads, a fiber such as a tow, a sliver, a roving, or a continuous body composed of a collection of fibers. The fibrous materials in the structure that maintain strength for many months include vinylon, carbon fiber, glass fiber, Kevlar and the like.

Put this non-woven fabric in a rigid frame prepared separately,
Alternatively, if it is solidified with a resin or the like, it will maintain a planar shape with rigidity. Place several flat non-woven fabrics in parallel, place a wavy bent non-woven fabric between each layer, and bond each element using a bonding method such as knotting with thread-like material. Are kept at intervals. The nonwoven fabrics that constitute each component need not necessarily have rigidity. If at least the outermost planar non-woven fabric is kept rigid, and the non-woven fabric is pulled using an assisting tool to keep the non-woven fabric at a predetermined distance, each of the intermediate elements is pulled and tensioned, The intermediate flat nonwoven fabric also keeps a flat shape. The corrugated nonwoven fabric used in between does not necessarily have to be laminated in advance in a net shape, but may be a thread-like material directly.

Giving rigidity so that the laminated nonwoven fabric in the outermost layer retains a flat surface may be performed before forming a three-dimensional structure, or may be processed after forming. It may be processed into a thread forming this constituent. Since the thread-like material constituting this component is flexible, if it is left with the flexibility of the intermediate element until immediately before use as a reinforcing material, it can be crushed from both sides and treated as a flat material. Furthermore, if the flexibility of the outermost nonwoven fabric is also left, it can be wound up in a roll shape. However, it is difficult to squash flatly when it is composed of brittle fibers such as glass fibers and carbon fibers. However, if a flexible material is used for the middle corrugated portion, it can be flattened and stored. The mesh roughness of the mesh is preferably such that the aggregate in the mortar to be used can freely pass. The main component of the three-dimensional network structure is a fibrous thread. For convenience, even if a metal or the like is partially used, the function and weight of the three-dimensional network structure are not significantly affected.

d) Description with Drawings The details of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a laminated nonwoven fabric as a main raw material of a three-dimensional network structure made of fibers of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a thread-like material serving as a warp, 2 is a thread-like material serving as a weft, and 3 is an adhesion point of the thread-like material of warp and weft. FIG. 2 shows an example of an oblique laminated nonwoven fabric. Reference numerals 4 and 4 'denote oblique thread-like objects. It is not necessary for a plurality of yarns to intersect at one point.

As shown in FIG. 1 or 2, the planar laminated nonwoven fabric A0, A1.
Are arranged in parallel as shown by the cross section in FIG. 3, laminated non-woven fabrics B0, B1,... The joining method may be adhesion or tying with another thread. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, the thread 5 may be braided into a thread forming a net near the contact C to join the contacts. Wavy non-woven fabric B0, B
1 is not limited to a laminated nonwoven fabric, and a thread may be used in the form of a thread. As shown in FIG. 5, as one example of a thread-like shape, a method of forming a joint in a spiral shape, protruding a part between meshes, and inserting a joining line E there to continuously form joint points. There is. As the bonding wire, a metal wire or a thread-like material that has been cured in advance may be used. As shown in FIG. 6, it is also possible to form an elliptical link D with a thread or the like and combine the link with the connecting line E to form a continuous joint.

The structure made of the fiber of the present invention is obtained by connecting a net-like flat body made of a thread that keeps a straight line as described above using a thread or a link that keeps a substantially straight line between the joining points, and It is a three-dimensional structure assembled by combination. Not only can this be used to reinforce concrete, but it can also be used to reinforce plastics. Especially when embedded as a reinforcement of foamed plastics, it is possible to limit the elastic deformation of the foam or to give directionality to the deformation. It also makes it possible to produce ultra-light plastics that are hardly deformed by small forces.

When used as a reinforcing material of a rigid material after solidification, such as concrete, if each component of the fiber structure is strained until the matrix solidifies, it must be maintained at least without sagging. For example, the laminated nonwoven fabrics A0, A1 ... in FIG. 3 are tensed, and B0, B1 ...
The element between the contact points of FIG. 1 does not sag, the spiral line F in FIG. 5 keeps the tension, and the link in FIG.
If D0, D1... Are tightly connected at the joint, the tension is maintained even after the matrix is solidified, and the effect as a reinforcing material is exhibited.

When used for reinforcing an elastic substance such as a foam, or when a three-dimensional structure mainly composed of fibers is intended, the constituent components are cured using a resin or the like. If a special elastic deformation is required for the structure, that part is easy to deform if the uncured component element is left, and the elastic deformation according to the request is planned by planning the distribution of the uncured part. You can get what you want.

Example 1 An oblique laminated nonwoven fabric using a vinylon-based bundle as a raw material for a filamentous material is spread in a plane, and the same vinylon yarn oblique laminated nonwoven fabric is bent in a wavy shape thereon. The points in contact with were successively tied with a thread, and another planar non-woven fabric was further placed on the wavy non-woven fabric, and the contacts were successively joined in the same manner to obtain a three-dimensional net-like structure whose cross section is shown in FIG. The plane net A0, An on the outermost layer of this structure is stretched on an outer frame (not shown) and tensioned, and the distance between A0 and An can be kept apart by another auxiliary tool (not shown). If so, each component was strained and maintained a three-dimensional structure.

Further, at the time of assembling the three-dimensional structure, the filamentous material was impregnated with a thermosetting resin, and after the assembly, a thermosetting treatment was performed under tension. The three-dimensional structure after curing was a structure having higher strength and elasticity as the thickness of the used thread material was larger. By embedding it in a resin foam, a resin mass having a different elastic modulus depending on the direction of extremely light weight was obtained.

Example 2 Laminated nonwoven fabrics A0, A1,... Made by carbon fiber roving are placed in parallel as shown in FIG. 5, and one of spiral wires F having a pitch corresponding to the pitch of the meshes of A0 or the like constituted by a thread is formed. The part was peeped through a mesh, and a rigid bonding line E was passed between them, thereby sequentially assembling a planar laminated cloth and a spiral wire, thereby assembling a three-dimensional network structure. This structure maintains a rigid three-dimensional structure when the outermost layer of the laminated fabric is stretched and separated at a specified interval. Also, if the distance between the outermost layers is reduced, the joining point is loosened and the spiral thread is deformed, so that the occupied volume can be reduced.

The outermost nonwoven fabric of this structure was solidified with a resin, and the interval was maintained by a detent piece to be used as a concrete reinforcing material to obtain a concrete structure having a desired strength.

Example 3 Weft-laminated nonwoven fabrics A0, A1... Using vinylon yarn as a raw material are placed in parallel as shown in FIG. 6, and an elliptical link D made of a metal wire or a thread-like material is successively linearly passed through the mesh of the laminated fabric. The links were lined up, a metal wire was inserted through the space at the end of the link, and the link and the flat mesh were joined as shown. If the three-dimensional net-like structure is maintained at a specified distance by expanding the outermost nets A0 and An, the constituent elements are strained to become a three-dimensional structure. Flattened when crushed, and the continuum can be stored by winding it on a core.

This three-dimensional structure was buried as a reinforcing material in a thermosetting foamed resin. The obtained resin mass was extremely lightweight and had high strength and rigidity.

e) Effects of the Invention Since the fiber construct of the present invention is lighter in weight and less likely to be corroded by seawater or the like than the reinforcing bars conventionally used for concrete reinforcement, the use of the fiber construct facilitates the design of concrete structures. In addition, the prefabricated fiber structure can be spread out in a convenient place, tension-hardened, and then assembled into the formwork as a reinforcing material, simplifying work at the construction site. .

In addition, it can be used to reinforce plastics and other materials, especially foams, to give it strength, rigidity and elasticity, and use fiber-based three-dimensional structures as strong, lightweight structural elements. I opened my way to do it.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an example of a weft laminated nonwoven fabric as a raw material of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows an example of an oblique laminated nonwoven fabric. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of several layers of a plane network structure laminated nonwoven fabric and a corrugated network structure laminated nonwoven fabric. FIG. 4 is a plan view for explaining an example in which the plane net structure laminated nonwoven fabric is joined to the corrugated nonwoven fabric therebetween by braiding. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an example in which the planar net-structure laminated nonwoven fabric is joined by a spiral wire. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view for explaining an example in which the layers of the planar network structure laminated nonwoven fabric are joined by a link. Explanation of the numbers and symbols in the drawing 1... Thread, warp, 2... Thread, weft 3. Structural laminated nonwoven fabric B ... Laminated interlayer nonwoven fabric laminated nonwoven fabric C ... Junction point, D ... Link, E ... Binding line F ... Spiral line

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] Claims 1. A plurality of nonwoven fabrics having a mesh structure with a mesh interval of 2 mm or more obtained by organizing a filament having an elongation modulus of 1000 kg / mm ² or more while maintaining a linear shape.
A three-dimensional net-like structure that is layered by keeping parallel planes and connecting them with a non-woven fabric or thread-like material with a net-like structure that is bent in a corrugated, chevron, or U-shape. 2. The three-dimensional network structure according to claim 1,
A three-dimensional net-like structure having a bonding structure in which a flat nonwoven fabric and a corrugated, chevron-shaped, or U-shaped nonwoven fabric or a thread-like material are bonded in a dotted or linear manner by bonding, knotting or braiding with a thread. 3. The three-dimensional network structure according to claim 1,
A three-dimensional network structure with a structure in which a plurality of planar network-structured laminated nonwoven fabrics are connected by a number of links of a certain length to keep the distance between them 4. The three-dimensional network structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a part or all of the constituent elements are flexible, and at least the plane network structure laminated nonwoven fabric on the outermost layer keeps a flat surface. A three-dimensional net-like structure characterized in that the tension of each component can be maintained by using an auxiliary means for holding and maintaining the same at a specified distance. 5. A three-dimensional network structure wherein each component of the three-dimensional network structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3 is solidified by a resin or the like.