JP2597029B2 - Method and apparatus for measuring surface temperature of object - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object such as a clothing material, and more particularly, to a method for measuring the temperature around an object when a person approaches or touches the object. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring a surface temperature of an object which can artificially create a minute change in a temperature and humidity environment and measure a temperature change of an object surface caused by the change, for example, development of clothing materials, design of a fiber structure or the like. Can be used to develop processing agents.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, when measuring the surface temperature characteristics of an object, the measurement has been performed by placing the sample (object) in an arbitrarily set steady-state temperature and humidity environment. That is, conventionally, it has not been performed to measure the temperature change of the object surface caused by a minute change in the temperature and humidity environment around the object that occurs when a person approaches or touches the object, and for performing the measurement. No equipment.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

When a person approaches or touches an object, the temperature and humidity microenvironment around the object rapidly changes, and the temperature of the surface of the object changes. As a result, the person perceives heat transfer (radiant heat, conductive heat) between the person and the object, and feels a sense of cold, warmth, and the like.
More specifically, a sudden rise in the temperature environment causes moisture absorption on the surface of the object, and the generation of moisture absorption heat occurs for a short time. As a result, the surface temperature temporarily rises, the temperature difference with the human skin decreases, and the person feels warm.

The present inventors have studied the temperature characteristics between a person and the surface of an object as described above. As a result, when the person approaches the object, the microenvironment changes rapidly (using a humidity sensor having a time constant of 4). Calculated from the measured value once every 20 seconds, 0.1% RH / sec to 3% RH / sec).

Such a variation is not taken into consideration in the conventional measuring apparatus, and the conventional measuring apparatus has not been designed to measure an instantaneous temperature change on the surface of the object at this time.

Therefore, the temperature characteristics generated on the surface of an object when the temperature and humidity microenvironment around the object suddenly changes as described above have not been known at all.

For example, as a similar technique, there is an apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-21164. However, this apparatus cannot measure a temperature change of an object surface under an unsteady temperature and humidity environment.

In addition, as a known measurement method for the temperature characteristics of the surface of an object, there is a method described in the research report on contact thermal sensation of the Japanese Textile Machinery Society, Vol. 37, No. 8, K. Kawabata, et al. It does not elucidate heat transfer, including microenvironmental changes caused by human approach or contact.

As described above, a sudden change in relative humidity occurs in the surface area of an object when a person approaches or comes into contact.If the object has moisture absorption characteristics, the surface temperature increases in seconds due to moisture absorption when the humidity rises. When the temperature rises and the humidity decreases, the temperature drops due to moisture release. It is clear from the Boltzmann equation shown below that this greatly affects the emission of radiant heat generated between two opposing surfaces.

Radiant heat R = δ [(T ₁ +273.15) ⁴ − (T ₂ +273.15) ⁴ ] · ε kcal / m ² h (1) T ₁ : Surface temperature of object I T ₂ : Surface temperature of object II [delta]: Boltzmann constant ^{4.88 × 10 -8 kcal / m 2} hk ε: if: emissivity temperature difference 30 ° C., can be approximated by the following equation R = hr (Ts-Tr) hr: 4.0kcal / m 2 h ℃ ( human for) Ts: skin temperature Tr: environment temperature, for example, if the temperature difference 2.0 ° C. occurred between two surfaces, the radiation heat amount is in terms of per hour 8.0kcal / m ² h, and the this adult basal metabolism This is equivalent to 20% of the volume (40 kcal / m ² h), and the effect is significant.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object, which can measure the temperature change of the object surface caused by a minute change in the temperature and humidity environment around the object that occurs when a person approaches or touches the object. Is to do.

[Means for solving the problem]

The present invention has been accomplished by providing the following method and apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object.

That is, the present invention places the sample in an environment where the temperature and humidity can be varied and in an environment in which a heat radiating portion having a heat radiation function of keeping the radiant heat to the sample surface constant is provided, and at least the humidity of the environment is varied. An object surface temperature measuring method characterized by measuring the surface temperature of the sample with an infrared radiation thermometer at that time, and an apparatus used for the object surface temperature measuring method described above, wherein: Provided is a device for measuring the surface temperature of an object, which is equipped.

A space portion A or a space portion B which is in contact with the space portion A and a communication portion therethrough is provided, and the space portions A and B are provided with constant temperature and humidity devices A 'and B', respectively. At least the constant temperature and humidity device A 'is a temperature and humidity environment variable device having a function of changing the temperature and humidity of the space A.

A sample fixing section for fixing the sample in the space A or in a communication section where the space A and the space B are in contact with each other;

A surface temperature measurement unit to which an infrared radiation thermometer that is adjacent to the space A at a distance from the sample fixing unit and measures the surface temperature of the sample by interposing the atmosphere of the space A between the sample and the sample is fixed. .

A radiator that has a radiating function to keep radiant heat to the sample surface constant.

In addition, the present invention, the sample is placed in an environment where the temperature and humidity can be changed, at least the humidity of the environment is changed, and the surface temperature of the sample at that time is fixed by a fixture having a focusing function by a slide structure. A method for measuring the surface temperature of an object, characterized in that it is measured by an infrared radiation thermometer, and a device used for the method for measuring the surface temperature of an object described above, comprising: Provide a measuring device.

A space portion A or a space portion B which is in contact with the space portion A and a communication portion therethrough is provided, and the space portions A and B are provided with constant temperature and humidity devices A 'and B', respectively. At least the constant temperature and humidity device A 'is a temperature and humidity environment variable device having a function of changing the temperature and humidity of the space A.

A sample fixing section for fixing the sample in the space A or in a communication section where the space A and the space B are in contact with each other;

An infrared radiation thermometer that is adjacent to the space A at a distance from the sample fixing unit and measures the surface temperature of the sample by interposing the atmosphere of the space A between the sample and the sample;
A surface temperature measuring unit fixed by a fixture having a focusing function of the infrared radiation thermometer by a slide structure.

〔Example〕

First, an object surface temperature measuring device of the present invention for carrying out the object surface temperature measuring method of the present invention will be described with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings.

First, an apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 will be described.

FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing an apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature and humidity environment variable apparatus constituting the apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the device shown in FIG. 1 without a constant humidity device, FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing the device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. It is a side view which shows the outline of the heat radiation part in the apparatus shown in a figure.

1 to 4, reference numeral 1, 1 'denotes a temperature and humidity environment variable device, and the temperature and humidity environment variable device 1, 1'
And B, and constant-temperature and constant-humidity devices A ′ and B ′ attached to the spaces A and B, respectively.
Reference numeral 3 denotes a sample fixing part for fixing a sample (object) 4 to the communicating part 2 where the space parts A and B are in contact with each other. Reference numeral 5 denotes a space between the sample fixing part 3 and the space part A. An adjacent surface temperature measurement unit to which an infrared radiation thermometer 6 for measuring the surface temperature of the sample 4 with the atmosphere of the space A interposed therebetween and the sample 4 is fixed. Reference numeral 7 denotes a heat radiating unit having a heat radiating function for keeping radiant heat to the sample 4 constant;
Is a fixture to which the infrared radiation thermometer 6 is fixed in the surface temperature measuring section 5.

The device of the present embodiment will be described in more detail. The constant temperature and humidity devices A 'and B' attached to the spaces A and B are described below.
Among them, at least the thermo-hygrostat A 'has a function that the space A has a function of changing the temperature and humidity.
Is designed so that the sample 4 can be fixed to the communication portion 2 so that one surface of the sample 4 is in the space A and the other surface is in the space B. It is preferable that the thermo-hygrostats A 'and B' in the thermo-humidity environment variable devices 1 and 1 'are PID-controlled. The rate of change of temperature and humidity in the space A is 0% RH / sec to 3% RH. And a temperature in the range of 0.01 ° C./sec to 0.04 ° C./sec. Are preferable.
Those which can be in the range of 20 ° C. to 70 ° C. and 30% RH to 95% RH are preferred.

Further, between the spaces A, B and the thermo-hygrostats A ', B', the air adjusted by the thermo-hygrostats A ', B' is respectively supplied to the spaces A, B by the circulation fan 9a. Circulating devices 9 for circulating and creating an arbitrary environment in the spaces A and B are provided. The circulation fan 9a is provided with an air outlet 9c so that the air flow is as shown by the arrow in FIG.
It is installed in. Furthermore, the flow of air may be made laminar on the sample using a rectifier. The air conditioned by the thermo-hygrostats A 'and B' flows into the inlet 9b, passes through the vent 9d, and passes over the surface of the sample 4 as shown by the arrows in FIG. And the circulation fan 9a returns to the thermo-hygrostats A 'and B', respectively. Further, the fixture 8 for fixing the infrared radiation thermometer 6 in the surface temperature measuring section 5 can be focused on the infrared radiation thermometer 6 by a slide structure. The fixture 8 is connected to a radiant heat section 7 having a measuring optical path 10 as shown in FIG. The diameter of the optical path 10 may be designed so as not to hinder the measurement from the focal length and the measurement angle, and is usually about 10 mm in diameter. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the heat radiating portion 7 has an inlet 7a for constant temperature water.
And a hollow structure having an outlet 7b so that hot water whose temperature is controlled can be refluxed. As a method for controlling the temperature, a known method other than the hot water reflux method can be used. Further, on the bottom surface of the heat radiating portion 7, a heat radiating plate 71 having good thermal conductivity such as a copper plate is provided as shown in FIG.
It is preferable that the heat radiating plate 71 is coated with a black body paint (for example, JSC-1 of Japan Sensor Co., Ltd.) on the surface facing the sample 4 in order to approximate the emissivity of the skin.

Note that the thermo-hygrostat B 'preferably has a function of changing the temperature and humidity of the space B, like the thermo-hygrostat A', but may not have a variable function.

Next, another embodiment of the apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object of the present invention shown in FIG. 5 will be described.

The device of the present embodiment has one space A, and the temperature and humidity environment variable device 1 is configured such that the constant temperature and humidity device A ′ (not shown) and the space A are integrally formed, Space A
1 except that a fixing part (not shown) for fixing the sample 4 is provided therein. It is provided similarly to.

Further, another embodiment of the apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 will be described. The apparatus of this embodiment has two space portions A and B, and has a variable temperature and humidity environment. In the apparatus 1, a constant temperature / humidity apparatus A '(not shown) and a space A are integrally formed. In the space A, a space B of a temperature and humidity environment variable device 1' is provided. The configuration is the same as that in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 except that a sample fixing part 3 for fixing the sample 4 is provided in the communicating part 2 where the part A and the space B are in contact with each other.

The surface temperature measuring device of the object of the present invention may be any of the above-described embodiments as long as it is equipped with the temperature and humidity environment variable device, the sample fixing unit and the surface temperature measuring unit fixing the infrared radiation thermometer. It is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to those shown in the above, and various design changes that can be normally performed by those skilled in the art are possible. In addition, infrared radiation thermometer 6
As the light receiving element, a thermopile, a pyroelectric element, a bolometer and the like are used, and a pyroelectric element is particularly preferable.

Next, an embodiment of the method for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to the present invention will be described for the case where the apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is used. First, as shown in FIG. 1, the sample 4 is set on the fixing unit 3 and the space A of the temperature and humidity environment variable device 1 is changed.
Then, air in a predetermined unsteady state, the humidity of which has been adjusted by the constant-temperature and constant-humidity device A ', is circulated by the circulation device 9 as shown by the arrow in FIG.
Then, the air adjusted by the thermo-hygrostat B 'is circulated. The air flowing through the space B may be in a steady state, or may be in an emergency state if necessary. The air flow velocity is such that the air flow velocity on the surface of sample 4 is 0 to 100 c.
m / sec. Further, it is preferable to eliminate the pressure difference between the spaces A and B, but if necessary, the pressure in the space A is increased so that air flows from the space A to the space B through the inside of the sample. You can also. On the other hand, constant temperature water of 30 to 37 ° C. is refluxed in the heat radiating section 7 so that the radiant heat to the surface of the sample 4 is kept constant.

As described above, the measuring method according to the present invention uses the infrared radiation thermometer 6 in which the surface temperature of the sample 4 is adjusted by the fixture 8 while varying the environment of the spaces A and B.
, The characteristics of the sample surface with respect to environmental changes can be known from the measurement results.

The sample (object) to be measured by the method for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and specifically includes clothing materials, clothing, materials for living such as walls and floors, furniture surfaces, Paints and the like.

[Action]

According to the method and apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object of the present invention,
By placing an object (sample) in a space and varying the temperature and humidity of the space, a minute change in the temperature and humidity environment around the object, which occurs when a person approaches or touches the object, is artificially created. The temperature change of the object surface caused by the change can be measured.

Next, the effects of the method and apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to test examples (examples).

Test Example 1 Sample A substance having a hygroscopic property, particularly a fiber, has a small thermal conductivity when formed into an aggregate and is used as a heat insulating material. It is known that natural fibers have a difference in hygroscopicity as compared with synthetic fibers, but their function has not been studied in detail. It is known that the higher the relative humidity, the more the moisture absorption. It is also known that heat generation occurs due to moisture absorption, but there is no known means for measuring the degree of temperature change at the fiber surface. Therefore, as a sample, cotton knitting or the like was used as a representative of high hygroscopicity, and polyester knitted fabric was used as a representative of low hygroscopicity.

An object surface temperature measuring device of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 4
Was used. In addition, the controller of the constant temperature and constant humidity device A '
RKC REX-F4 manufactured by Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd.
HUMIDIC CHAMBER manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd. as B '
IG-46M, Minolta Camera Inc. as infrared radiation thermometer 6
Using a radiation thermometer IR-0506C manufactured by Shikisha Co., Ltd.
The distance between the sensor part of the densitometer 6 and the sample surface is determined by the fixture.
Adjustment to 170 mm and the inside diameter of the measurement optical path to 10 mm.
The heat radiation plate is made of copper and the inner surface is polished to reduce heat radiation.
did. The distance between the heat sink and the sample is 10 mm,
The heat sink is on the surface facing the sample, the Japan sensor
Using a black body paint JSC-1 manufactured by Co., Ltd.
Was.

-Method of measuring surface temperature of object Using the above apparatus, a cotton knitted fabric or a polyester knitted fabric is fixed to the sample fixing portion, and the humidity of the space A is set to the seventh.
The surface temperature change of each of the cotton knitted fabric and the polyester knitted fabric was continuously measured by an infrared radiation thermometer while varying as shown in the graphs of FIGS. 8 and 8. The results are shown in FIGS. Shown in the figure. The temperature and humidity of the space B were constant (temperature 26 ° C., humidity 50 RH%).

Test Example 2 In the same manner as in Test Example 1, the temperature change on the surface of the cotton knitted fabric when the environmental change in the space A was moderate was measured. The results are shown in FIG.

Reference Example 1 Changes in humidity in clothes when a woman in her 20s is sitting on a chair
HUMI, a capacitive sensor using a polymer thin film
CAP Measured using a humidity sensor (Vaisala)
Was. This sensor changes from high humidity to low humidity at 25 ° C.
2.3% of 95% response time in the fluctuation of the temperature (92% → 66% RH)
Second, fluctuation from low humidity to high humidity (35% → 59% RH)
95% response time is 1.9 seconds. Measurement condition
Was room temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH. Fig. 10 shows the results.
Shown in

〔The invention's effect〕

According to the method and apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object of the present invention,
A small change in the temperature and humidity environment around the object that occurs when a person approaches or touches the object can be artificially created, and the temperature change on the object surface caused by the change can be measured to quantify the amount of heat transfer between the person and the object. Therefore, it is possible to quantify the sensation (coolness, warmth, etc.) felt when a person approaches or touches an object. As a result, the method and apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to the present invention can be used in the following fields.

(1) By measuring the inner surface temperature of the clothing assuming that the clothing material is worn and calculating the amount of radiant heat, it is possible to develop a clothing material having a warm or cool feeling, to design a fiber structure or to develop a processing agent therefor. .

(2) To improve surface properties such as materials, paints, etc. for improving the thermal sensation (warmth, coolness, coolness, etc.) when everyday people approach or touch furniture, walls, floors, etc. Useful for development research.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing an apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature and humidity environment variable apparatus constituting the apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the device shown in FIG. 1 without a constant humidity device, FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing the device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a side view schematically showing a heat radiating section in the apparatus shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 5 is a side view schematically showing another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a side view, FIG. 7 is a graph showing a relationship between a humidity change in the space A and a surface temperature change of the cotton knitted fabric corresponding to the humidity change, and FIG. FIG. 9 is a graph showing a relationship between a change in the humidity and a change in the surface temperature of the polyester knitted fabric. Graph showing temperature change of the cotton knit fabric surface when such, FIG. 10 is a graph showing the garment in the humidity change when the women in their twenties is a 椅座 work. A, B ... space, A ', B' ... constant temperature and humidity device, 1,1 '... temperature and humidity environment variable device, 2 ... communication section, 3 ... sample fixing section 4 ... sample, 5 ... ... Surface temperature measuring unit, 6 ... Infrared radiation thermometer, 7 ... Heat radiating unit, 8 ... Fixing device, 9 ... Circulation device

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] A sample is placed in an environment in which temperature and humidity can be varied and in an environment provided with a heat radiating portion having a heat radiating function for keeping radiant heat to the sample surface constant, and at least humidity of the environment is changed, A method for measuring the surface temperature of an object, wherein the surface temperature of the sample at that time is measured with an infrared radiation thermometer. 2. An apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises: A space portion A or a space portion B which is in contact with the space portion A and a communication portion therethrough is provided, and the space portions A and B are provided with constant temperature and humidity devices A 'and B', respectively. At least the constant temperature and humidity device A 'is a temperature and humidity environment variable device having a function of changing the temperature and humidity of the space A. A sample fixing section for fixing the sample in the space A or in a communication section where the space A and the space B are in contact with each other; Surface temperature measurement fixed with an infrared radiation thermometer that is adjacent to the space A at a distance from the sample fixing unit and measures the surface temperature of the sample with the atmosphere of the space A interposed between the sample and the sample Department. A radiator that has a radiating function to keep radiant heat to the sample surface constant. 3. A sample is placed in an environment in which the temperature and humidity can be varied, and at least the humidity of the environment is varied. At this time, the surface temperature of the sample is fixed by a fixture having a focusing function by a slide structure. A method for measuring the surface temperature of an object, wherein the method is performed by using an infrared radiation thermometer. 4. An apparatus for measuring the surface temperature of an object according to claim 3, wherein the apparatus comprises: A space portion A or a space portion B which is in contact with the space portion A and a communication portion therethrough is provided, and the space portions A and B are provided with constant temperature and humidity devices A 'and B', respectively. At least the constant temperature and humidity device A 'is a temperature and humidity environment variable device having a function of changing the temperature and humidity of the space A. A sample fixing section for fixing the sample in the space A or in a communication section where the space A and the space B are in contact with each other; An infrared radiation thermometer that is adjacent to the space A at a distance from the sample fixing unit and measures the surface temperature of the sample by interposing the atmosphere of the space A between the sample and the sample;
A surface temperature measuring unit fixed by a fixture having a focusing function of the infrared radiation thermometer by a slide structure.