JP2585966B2 - Fishway and method of forming the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fishway installed in a river or the like and a method for forming the same, and more particularly to a fishway that can be changed to an optimal form according to the type of fish going upstream after installation and the conditions of the river. It is about the fishway which was done.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When a river has a head, a fishway is provided inside or on the side of the river, and the fish is run up using the fishway.

In such a fishway, a waterway having a predetermined gradient is formed along the river, a plurality of partitions are provided in the waterway, and the flow of water is controlled by the partitions, so that the fishway is suitable for fish ascending. It is designed to obtain a flowing water speed, a puddle where fish can rest, and the like.

For example, in the case of a stepped fishway, a plurality of partition walls 32 having a step inside a waterway 31 as shown in FIG.
And a notch is provided in a part of the upper surface of each partition wall 32 to allow water to overflow, thereby forming a step-like flow in which fish run up. In the case of a denier fishway, as shown in FIG. 12, a plurality of partitions 42 called a baffle having a notch 43 in the center are arranged inside the water channel 41, and the water flow is controlled by each partition 42. Thus, a flow having different flow velocities is formed between the surface and the bottom of the channel.

In the conventional fishway, the type and installation range of the fishway are determined in advance on the basis of the condition of the river to be installed, the type of fish to go up, etc., and the waterway and each partition are integrated with concrete based on the determined contents. The completed fishways are fixed as semi-permanent river facilities.

[0006]

However, such a fishway in which a waterway and a partition are integrally formed by concrete as described above requires a lot of civil engineering work when it is installed. In other words, there are various types of fishway formation, such as assembling rebar to create a structure that integrally forms the waterway and each partition, forming a concrete framework surrounding the structure, and placing concrete in the framework. Construction is required, and therefore, there is a problem that the construction period is long and the cost is increased.

Further, in the case of a fixed fishway made of concrete, there is a problem that when the fish cannot be moved freely after completion and the renovation is required, the shape of the partition wall cannot be easily changed. In particular, when changing the type of fishway, it is necessary to demolish the bulkhead in a wide range and form a new bulkhead.

[0008] For this reason, conventionally, it was necessary to carry out a detailed survey in advance before setting up a fishway, and to determine the type and installation range of the fishway without any mistake. It is often difficult to find that the fish assumed using the fishway after completion is easy to run up or difficult to run up.

[0009] In addition to the above-mentioned problems, the waterway to which the partition wall is fixed causes a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the river, and also has a drawback that the water-flow capacity of the river is reduced during a flood or the like. doing.

Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and can form a fishway with a short construction period and a low cost. Even after completion, the shape of each partition and the type of the fishway can be easily changed. It aims to provide a fishway.

It is a second object of the present invention to provide a forming method which enables an optimal design of a fishway according to river conditions.

[0012]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a fishway according to the present invention is provided with a plurality of partitions which can be attached to and detached from the waterway, and the water flows in the waterway by each of the partitions. Was controlled.

In the above structure, the plurality of partitions may be formed of partitions having different shapes or dimensions.

Further, the method of forming a fishway according to the present invention employs a method in which a plurality of partitions are detachably attached to a water channel, and the shapes or dimensions of the partitions are varied to form a fishway.

In the above-described forming method, each partition is divided into a plurality of groups in the length direction of the water channel, and the shape of the partition in each group is made different to form different types of fishways in the same water channel. Can also.

[0016]

In the above fishway, only a waterway is formed in advance, and a partition is attached to a predetermined position of the waterway to form a fishway. After installation, if there is a problem with the movement of fish, etc., the partition will be removed from the waterway and a partition with a different shape will be attached to improve it. Also, by changing part or all of the partition,
Change the type of fishway in the waterway.

The partition walls are made of a material such as synthetic resin, metal, wood or the like which is easy to process and form, so that the partition walls can be manufactured in a manufacturing plant. Can be formed. Also, by forming a partition by combining a synthetic resin plate, a metal plate, and the like, a partition having a large strength can be formed with a light weight,
The partition can be easily carried or attached to or detached from a water channel.

On the other hand, in the above-described method for forming a fishway, the flow velocity inside the waterway and the state of overflow of water can be arbitrarily changed by making the shape of each partition attached to the waterway different. An optimal waterway can be formed according to the type of fish going upstream and the river conditions.

In addition, if different types of fishways are provided on the upstream and downstream sides in the same waterway, or different types of fishways are provided on the right and left banks, a type determination suitable for the type of fish going upstream may be made. Easy to do.

[0020]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 1 to 3 show an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a denier type fishway.

In the water channel 1, both side walls 1a and 1b and a bottom surface 1c are integrally formed by a skeleton of a reinforcing bar and concrete, and the water channel 1 is installed so that the bottom surface 1c has a predetermined gradient.

A plurality of partition insertion grooves 2 are formed at predetermined intervals on both side walls 1a and 1b and the bottom surface 1c of the water channel 1.
A plate-like partition 3 is detachably inserted into each of the insertion grooves 2. The insertion groove 2 is formed such that the side walls 1 a and 1 b are formed with an inclination, and the partition walls 3 inserted into the insertion grooves 2 are formed.
Are set up at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the bottom surface 1c.

As shown in FIG. 3, the partition 3 is made of a synthetic resin plate, and has a rectangular notch 4 with a mountain-shaped tip at the center. A general resin material such as hard vinyl chloride or fiber-reinforced plastic can be used for the synthetic resin forming the partition wall 3. The thickness of the partition wall 3 is determined by the maximum flow velocity in the fishway, the allowable displacement amount of the partition wall, and the safety. It is set in consideration of the rate, weight, etc.

The material of the partition 3 can be made of a metal material such as iron, aluminum, stainless steel or the like, or wood or synthetic wood, in addition to the above synthetic resin material.

The hole 5 provided at the upper end of the partition wall 3 is a hole for connecting the partition wall. By using the hole 5 to lift the partition wall 3, it can be detached from the insertion groove 2 of the water channel 1. .

In the fishway of the embodiment having the above structure, each partition 3 is designed and manufactured inside a manufacturing plant, and the partition 3 is attached to the insertion groove 2 of the waterway 1 formed in advance in the river to form a fishway. I do.

In such a denier type fish passage, a large flow velocity distribution is generated in the flow due to the effective width of the flow determined by the notch 4 in the partition wall 3 and the gradient of the water channel 1, so that the flow on the surface is usually fast, and A slow current occurs.

From this state, if the shape of the notch 4 of the partition wall 3 is changed, the magnitude and distribution of the flow velocity can be changed, and an optimal flow velocity is set according to the type and size of the fish going up. be able to. Further, since the flow velocity is proportional to the effective width of the flow and the gradient, by changing the width of the notch 4, it is possible to appropriately cope with a change in the gradient of the water channel 1. Further, by using partition walls having different shapes, it is possible to increase the flow velocity at the bottom of the water channel 1 and to reduce the flow on the surface.

Also, a plurality of types of partition walls 3 colored in different colors such as gray and green are prepared, and the partition walls having different colors are replaced after a predetermined period to confirm the collectability and mobility of the fish with respect to the fishway. can do. That is, although it has been conventionally said that fish are reactive to a specific color, it is not clearly understood which fish is actually sensitive to what color. For this reason, by detaching and attaching a plurality of types of partition walls 3 to the water channel 1 and changing the color of the partition walls variously, it is possible to determine the color to which the upstream fish reacts,
A fishway that gives good stimulation to fish can be formed.

FIGS. 4 to 6 show examples in which the present invention is applied to an ice harbor type fishway.

In this example, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the partition 11 is an assembly of a composite material, and a plurality of substrates 12, 13, 13 made of a synthetic resin material such as hard vinyl chloride.
Are connected by a metal reinforcing material 14 such as stainless steel.

Further, a metal reinforcing plate 15 is attached to the back surface of the substrate 13 by using bolts or the like to enhance the strength of the partition.

Further, the lower end portion of the central substrate 12 and the side end portions of the base materials 13, 13 on both sides are extended outward to form insertion portions 16, 17 which fit into the insertion grooves 2 of the water channel 1. I have.

After the partition 11 is assembled in a manufacturing plant,
The fishway is conveyed to a river where the fishway is to be installed, and as shown in FIG.

In the ice harbor type fishway formed in this way, in FIG. 4, both sides of each partition 11 become an overflow portion a, and a central portion of the partition becomes a non-overflow portion b. A calm area where the upstream fish rests is formed on the back of b.

In this structure, each substrate 12 of each partition 11,
By changing the height and width dimensions of 13, it is possible to arbitrarily change the flow velocity of the wake part a and the range of the calm region by the non-overflow part b, according to the type of fish, the gradient of the waterway 1, etc. It is possible to design an optimal fishway.

On the other hand, FIGS. 7 to 9 show the case where the present invention is applied to a boat-type denier fishway.
Is assembled by connecting a plurality of substrates 22 made of synthetic resin or the like with a metal reinforcing frame 23 in the same manner as in the above example.

The assembled partition 21 is shown in FIG.
As shown in (b), the fishway is inserted into the insertion groove 2 of the waterway 1 installed in the river, and the flow at the bottom of the waterway 1 is blocked to form a fishway.

In this structure, the flow is concentrated at the center at the bottom of the water channel 1 by the action of each partition 21 and the resulting weak flow on both sides is used as a run-up route.
The size and distribution of the flow velocity in the water channel 1 can be changed by exchanging the partition walls 21 having different surface dimensions such as the height dimension, roughness, and unevenness of the substrate 22.

The whole of the prefabricated partitions 11 and 21 shown in FIGS. 5 and 8 can be made of fiber reinforced plastic or metal material. A substrate can also be used. It is also possible to use a metal as the base material at the center where the generated stress is large, and to form the base materials on both sides with synthetic resin or wood.

FIG. 10 shows an example in which fishways are installed in an actual river. Fishways B and C are formed on both sides of a river A.

In this case, the fishways B and C on both sides may be formed of the same type, or may be formed of different types. This makes it possible to determine the type of fishway that is optimal for fish that run up the river A,
In addition, it is also possible to allow a plurality of types of fish to go up in parallel.

In each of the above-described embodiments, the same type of fishway is formed for one waterway 1. However, partition walls having different structures are grouped and installed at each position of the waterway, and this group is installed. Different types of fishways may be formed in the same waterway by the respective partition walls.
By forming a fishway of a different type by combining it into one waterway in this way, a type suitable for fish can be easily determined in a small space, and when the gradient of the waterway 1 changes on the way, the change of the gradient An optimal fishway can be designed according to the conditions.

In each of the above embodiments, the insertion groove is shown as the means for fixing the partition, but the partition may be fixed to the water channel using bolts or the like, and the partition can be fixed detachably. If so, any fixing means can be employed.

The fishway to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to the above-mentioned type, but may be applied to a fishway having a structure in which a water flow in a waterway is controlled by a structure such as a partition wall or a vertical slot-type fishway or a step-type fishway. The same can be applied to the above.

[0047]

As described above, in the fishway of the present invention, the partition can be attached to and detached from the waterway, so that the partition can be manufactured separately from the waterway in a manufacturing factory, etc., and the installation period of the fishway is greatly reduced. Can be shortened.

Further, after completion of the fishway, the partition can be replaced with one having a different shape, whereby the structure can be changed to a structure suitable for the type of fish and river conditions, so that an optimal design of the fishway can be made.

[0049] Further, in the event of a flood, by removing the bulkhead, the water flow capacity of the river can be maintained, and in the event of drought, it becomes possible to store water by replacing the bulkhead. There is an advantage that can be given to.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment applied to a denier fishway.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal side view of the above.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a partition wall according to the embodiment.

4 (a) is a plan view showing an embodiment applied to an ice harbor type fishway, and FIG. 4 (b) is a longitudinal side view thereof.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the partition wall.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the partition wall.

7 (a) is a plan view showing an embodiment applied to a boat-type denier type fishway, and FIG. 7 (b) is a longitudinal side view thereof.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the partition wall.

FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the partition wall.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example in which a fishway is installed in a river.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a conventional stepped fishway.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a conventional denier fishway.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waterway 2 Insertion groove 3,11,21 Partition wall 4 Notch 12,13,22 Substrate 14 Reinforcement material 15 Reinforcement board A River B, C Fishway

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fishway in which a plurality of partitions detachably attached to the channel are attached to the channel, and the flow of water in the channel is controlled by each partition. 2. The fishway according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of partition walls are formed of partition walls having different shapes or dimensions. 3. The fishway according to claim 1, wherein each of the partition walls has a plate shape, and a plurality of grooves into which the partition walls can be inserted are formed on the surface of the water channel. 4. A plurality of partition walls are detachably attached to a water channel.
A method for forming a fishway in which the shape or size of the partition walls is varied to form a fishway. 5. A fishway of a different type is formed in the same waterway by dividing each of the bulkheads into a plurality of groups in the length direction of the waterway and making the shape of the wall of each group different.
The method for forming a fishway according to the above.