JP2579670Y2 - Toroidal type continuously variable transmission - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

The toroidal type continuously variable transmission according to the present invention is used, for example, as a transmission for an automobile or as a transmission for a light vehicle such as a riding lawn mower, a snow blower, an electric vehicle, a forklift, and the like. Can be used as a transmission for rotating an accessory for an automobile engine at an appropriate rotation speed regardless of fluctuations in the engine rotation speed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, as a transmission for an automobile, FIGS.
The use of a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission as schematically shown in FIG. 4 has been studied. This toroidal type continuously variable transmission is
For example, as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. Sho 62-71465, an input disk 2 is supported concentrically with an input shaft 1 and an output disk 4 is fixed to an end of an output shaft 3. An inner surface of a casing containing the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission or a support bracket provided in the casing swings around a pivot 5 which is twisted with respect to the input shaft 1 and the output shaft 3. , Trunnions 6, 6 are provided. That is, the end faces of the trunnions 6, 6 are twisted at positions parallel to the center axis of the input and output disks 2, 4 without intersecting with the center axis, and in the direction of the center axis (FIG. A pivot 5 exists in a direction perpendicular to the left and right directions (3 to 4 directions) (front and back directions in FIGS. 3 and 4). Each of the trunnions 6 is swingable about the pivot 5.

Each of these trunnions 6, 6 is made of a metal material having sufficient rigidity, and the pivots 5 are provided on outer surfaces of both ends. In addition, the base of the displacement shaft 7 is supported at the center of each trunnion 6, and the tilt angle of each displacement shaft 7 can be freely adjusted by swinging each trunnion 6 about the pivot 5. . Also, around the displacement shafts 7, 7 supported by the trunnions 6, 6 in this manner,
Each of the power rollers 8 is rotatably supported. These power rollers 8, 8 are sandwiched between the input and output disks 2, 4. Furthermore,
The inner surfaces 2a and 4a of the input and output disks 2 and 4 facing each other have an arc-shaped cross-section centered on the pivot 5, and the cross-sectional shape is changed to the input and output disks 2, 4 and 4. It has a concave surface obtained by rotating around the central axis. The peripheral surfaces 8a, 8a of the power rollers 8, 8 formed on the spherical convex surfaces are in contact with the inner side surfaces 2a, 4a.

[0004] A loading device 9 of a loading cam type is provided between the input shaft 1 and the input disk 2, and the input disk 2 is connected to the output disk 4 by the pressing device 9.
Elastically. The pressure device 9 includes a cam plate 10 that rotates together with the input shaft 1 and a plurality (for example, four) of rollers 12, 12 held by a holder 11. On one side surface (the right side surface in FIGS. 3 and 4) of the cam plate 10, a cam surface 13 which is an uneven surface extending in the circumferential direction is formed, and an outer surface 2b of the input disk 2 (FIGS.
4, the same cam surface 14 is also formed.
The plurality of rollers 12 are rotatable about an axis in a radial direction with respect to the center of the input shaft 1.

The operation of the toroidal type continuously variable transmission configured as described above is as follows. When the cam plate 10 rotates with the rotation of the input shaft 1, the plurality of rollers 12, 12 are moved by the cam surface 13 to the outer surface 2 b of the input disk 2.
Is pressed by the cam surface 14. As a result, at the same time that the input disk 2 is pressed by the plurality of power rollers 8, 8, the input disk 2 is pressed by the pair of cam surfaces 13, 14 and the plurality of rollers 12, 12. The input disk 2 rotates. Then, the rotation of the input disk 2 is transmitted to the output disk 4 via the plurality of power rollers 8, 8, and the output shaft 3 fixed to the output disk 4.
Rotates.

When changing the rotation speed between the input shaft 1 and the output shaft 3 and first reducing the speed between the input shaft 1 and the output shaft 3, as shown in FIG. As a result, the trunnions 6 are swung so that the peripheral surfaces 8a of the power rollers 8, 8 are closer to the center of the inner surface 2a of the input disk 2 and to the outer surface of the inner surface 4a of the output disk 4. Then, the respective displacement shafts 7, 7 are inclined so as to abut each other. Conversely, when increasing the speed, the trunnions 6, 6 are swung as shown in FIG.
The displacement shafts 7, 7 are inclined so that the peripheral surfaces 8a, 8a of the disc 8 come into contact with the portion near the outer periphery of the inner surface 2a of the input disk 2 and the portion near the center of the inner surface 4a of the output disk 4, respectively. Let it. The inclination angles of the displacement shafts 7, 7 are shown in FIGS.
In this case, an intermediate speed ratio can be obtained between the input shaft 1 and the output shaft 3.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which an automobile transmission capable of transmitting large power is constructed by combining two toroidal-type continuously variable transmissions configured and operating as described above in parallel with each other. (For details, see
No. 4646). The rotational force transmitted from the input shaft 1 to the cam plate 10 is transmitted to the first input disk 15 via the plurality of rollers 12. The first input disk 15 and the second input disk 16 are fixed to both ends of a circular connecting shaft 17. With the rotation of the input shaft 1, both input disks 15 and 16 are synchronized. And rotate. First and second output disks 18 and 19 are provided at an intermediate portion of the connection shaft 17 so as to face the first and second input disks 15 and 16, respectively.
Power rollers 8, 8 are provided between the first input disk 15 and the first output disk 18 and between the second input disk 16 and the second output disk 19, respectively. , 8 can be adjusted in synchronization with each other.

The first and second output disks 18 and 19
Are rotatably provided around an intermediate portion of the connection shaft 17 and are fixed to both ends of a tubular output shaft 20. The gear 21 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion of the output shaft 20 meshes with the gear 23 fixed to the end of the take-out shaft 22 so that the power sent to the transmission by the input shaft 1 can be taken out. And

The peripheral surfaces 8a, 8 of the power rollers 8, 8
a and the inner surface 1 of the first and second input disks 15 and 16
5a, 16a and the first and second output disks 18, 1
The pressurizing device 9 for pressing the first input disk 15 rightward in FIG. 5 includes the cam plate 10 and the first input disk 1 in order to surely make the inner side surfaces 18a and 19a of the input disk 9 contact with each other.
5 and a plurality of rollers 12, 12 and a coned disc spring 24 as an elastic member are provided concentrically with each other. The disc spring 24 presses the input disk 15 rightward in FIG. 5 even when the input shaft 1 is stopped, and the peripheral surfaces 8a, 8a of the power rollers 8, 8, respectively.
And inner surfaces 15 of the first and second input disks 15 and 16
a, 16a and the first and second output disks 18, 19
By keeping the inner surfaces 18a, 19a in contact with each other, the torque can be immediately transmitted to the first and second output disks 18, 19 when the input shaft 1 is started. It is for. Conventionally, such a disc spring 24
As shown in FIG. 5, together with the sliding plate 25, the roller 1
It is provided on the inner side in the diameter direction of the cam plate 10 and the first input disk 15, rather than 2 and 12.

In the case of the transmission for an automobile shown in FIG. 5 as described above, two toroidal-type continuously variable transmissions are provided in parallel with each other, so that the transmission is larger than when only one is provided. Power can be transmitted, and it can be used for vehicles with relatively large engines.

[0011]

During operation of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission constructed as described above, the plurality of rollers 12 constituting the pressurizing device 9 are driven by the cam plate 10 and the input disk 2 (or Between the first input disk 15 and the same below.) As a result, the outer peripheral portion of the cam plate 10 is elastically deformed as shown by a solid line in FIG. 6A, and the outer peripheral portion of the input disk 2 is exaggerated by a solid line in FIG. As shown in the figure, the inner surface 2a is elastically deformed in the direction of decreasing the radius of curvature.

In the case of a conventional toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, the plurality of rollers 12, 12 press against the outer peripheral portion of the input disk 2, but the thickness of the outer peripheral portion of each disk 2 (in the axial direction). ), The elastic deformation is not negligible depending on the magnitude of the power to be transmitted. That is, based on this elastic deformation, the radius of curvature of the inner surface 2a (or 15a) of the input disk 2 does not match the radius of curvature of the power rollers 8, 8, and the inner surface 2a
The state of contact between the power disk 8 and the power roller 8 becomes poor, and the power transmission efficiency between the input disk 2 and the power roller 8 deteriorates.

Further, in the case of the structure as shown in FIG. 5, the tension force of the rollers 12, 12 is reduced by the first input disk 15, the power rollers 8, 8, the first output disk 18,
It is also transmitted to the second input disk 16 via the output shaft 20, the second output disk 19, and the power rollers 8, 8, and pushes the portion of the second input disk 16 near the outer periphery to the right in FIG. As a result, the first input disk 15
While being elastically deformed as shown in (B), the second input disk 16 is elastically deformed in the direction of increasing the radius of curvature of the inner surface 16a as shown by the solid line in FIG. As a result,
There is a difference between the power transmission efficiency between the first input disk 15 and the power rollers 8, 8 and the power transmission efficiency between the second input disk 16 and the power rollers 8, 8. Problems such as a decrease in efficiency and a large torsional stress applied to the output shaft 20 occur.

The toroidal-type continuously variable transmission of the present invention has been devised in view of the above-described circumstances, and prevents the input disk provided adjacent to the pressurizing device from being deformed, so that the input disk and the output are prevented from being deformed. This is to improve the power transmission efficiency between the disc and the disc.

[0015]

The toroidal type continuously variable transmission according to the present invention has an input shaft 1 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 or FIG. 5, similarly to the above-mentioned conventional toroidal type continuously variable transmission. A cam plate 10 fixed concentrically with the input shaft 1 and rotating with the input shaft 1;
An input disk 2 that is rotatable about an axis that is concentric with the input shaft 1, and irregularities formed in at least one of surfaces of the input disk 2 and the cam plate 10 that face each other are formed in a circumferential direction. A plurality of rollers 12, 12 arranged in the radial direction between the cam surface 14 (13) and the mutually facing surfaces of the input disk 2 and the cam plate 10.
And an elastic member, such as a disc spring 24 (FIG. 5), provided between the opposing surfaces of the input disk 2 and the cam plate 10 and having an elasticity in a direction to increase the interval between the opposing surfaces. An output disk 4 (first output disk 18) concentrically arranged with the input disk 2 and rotatably supported with respect to the input disk 2;
It is supported by a trunnion 6 swinging about a pivot 5 which is parallel to the center axis of the output disks 2 and 4 and does not intersect with the center axis and which is perpendicular to the direction of the center axis. Power rollers 8, 8 rotatably supported by the displaced shaft 7 and held between the input and output disks 2, 4. In the example shown in FIG. 1, diametrically inner portions of the surfaces of the cam plate 10 and the input disk 2 facing each other are circular concave portions 28 and 29, respectively.
The two cam surfaces 1 are provided on the inner surfaces of the concave portions 28 and 29.
3 and 14 are formed. Then, the inner surfaces 2a, 4a (15
a, 18a) are concave surfaces each having an arc-shaped cross section, and the peripheral surfaces 8a, 8a of the power rollers 8, 8 are spherical convex surfaces, and the peripheral surfaces 8a, 8a and the inner side surfaces 2a, 4a are connected to each other. Abutting.

In particular, in the toroidal type continuously variable transmission of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
2, the cam plate 1 is made smaller than an elastic member such as the disc spring 24 or the like.
0 and the inner side of the input disk 2 in the diameter direction.
Reference numeral 26 in FIG. 1 denotes a thrust needle bearing which smoothly performs relative displacement between an elastic member such as a disc spring 24 and the outer surface 2b of the input disk 2 similarly to the slide plate 25 in FIG. Has the role of making

[0017]

The operation of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission of the present invention configured as described above when freely changing the speed ratio between the input shaft 1 and the output shaft is the same as the conventional toroidal-type continuously variable transmission described above. This is the same as in the case of the transmission.

In particular, in the case of the toroidal type continuously variable transmission of the present invention, in the pressing device 9 including the plurality of rollers 12, 12, the plurality of rollers 12, 12 are provided inside in the diameter direction. Therefore, deformation of the input disk 2 during operation of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission can be suppressed to a small extent. That is, even when the plurality of rollers 12, 12 strongly press the outer surface 2b of the input disk 2 with the operation of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, the portion of the input disk 2 that is closer to the inside in the diameter direction is Each roller 1 above
The portion where the portions 2 and 12 are in contact has a large thickness dimension and a relatively small acting moment, so that the portion applied by the pressing device 9 hardly deforms.

On the other hand, when the toroidal type continuously variable transmission is operated in the speed increasing state, that is, as shown in FIG.
When the displacement shafts 7 are tilted such that the peripheral surfaces 8a of the power rollers 8 abut against the outer peripheral portion of the inner surface 2a of the input disk 2, the pressing device 9 is used. Based on the reaction of pressing the input disk 2 against the power rollers 8, 8, the inner surfaces of the input disk 2 are formed by the peripheral surfaces 8 a, 8 a of these power rollers 8, 8 (see FIGS. 3 and 4). 2a is pressed strongly. As the inner surface 2a of the input disk 2 is strongly pushed in this manner, the input disk 2 is elastically deformed in the direction in which the radius of curvature of the inner surface 2a becomes larger, as shown by the solid line in FIG. I do.

As described above, the roller 1 constituting the pressing device 9
Inner surface 2 of input disk 2 pressed by 2 and 12
a is deformed in the direction in which the radius of curvature increases in operation, so that a so-called double cavity type toroidal type in which a pair of toroidal type continuously variable transmissions are arranged in parallel with each other as shown in FIG. Even in the case of a continuously variable transmission, the inner surface 15a of the first input disk 15 and the second input disk 16
Is deformed in the same direction (in the direction in which the radius of curvature increases). Therefore, the inner surfaces 15a, 1
The contact state between 6a and the peripheral surfaces 8a, 8a of the power rollers 8, 8 can be made equal to each other. Therefore, the power transmitted through the first input disk 15 and the power transmitted through the second input disk 16
The power transmitted by the pair of toroidal-type continuously variable transmissions including the first and second input disks 15 and 16 is substantially the same, and the power of the transmission as a whole is made equal. Transmission efficiency can be improved.
In addition, it is possible to prevent excessive power from being applied to one of the pair of toroidal-type continuously variable transmissions, thereby improving the durability of the transmission.

Further, the rollers 12, 12 are arranged on the inside in the diameter direction, and these rollers 12, 12 are each
Since the pressure device 9 is held inside the pressure device 9, the axial size of the pressure device 9 can be reduced. Furthermore, in the case where the retainer 27 for rotatably holding the rollers 12, 12 is provided, the diameter of the retainer 27 can be reduced by an amount corresponding to the arrangement of the rollers 12, 12 on the inner side in the diameter direction. Accordingly, the size and weight of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission can be reduced.

[0022]

The present invention is constructed and operated as described above, so that the deformation of the input disk due to the force applied from the pressurizing device is suppressed, and the contact state between the inner surface of the input disk and the peripheral surface of the power roller. And the transmission efficiency of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission can be improved. In particular, in the case of a so-called double-cavity toroidal-type continuously variable transmission in which a pair of toroidal-type continuously variable transmissions are arranged in parallel with each other, the peripheral surface of the power roller is set to the inner surface of each input disk in a speed increasing state. Can be made to match the direction in which the pair of input disks elastically deforms when they come into contact with the portion near the outer periphery of the input disk. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the contact state between the inner surfaces of these input disks and the peripheral surface of each power roller from being uneven due to the deformation of the pair of input disks, and to prevent the input disks from being deformed in any part. Excessive power can be prevented from being applied. For this reason, the durability of each member for transmitting power, such as the input disk and the power roller, can be improved, the power transmission efficiency of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission can be improved, and the power transmission can be stabilized. Further, since it is not necessary to increase the rigidity of each part in order to cope with excessive power, the size and weight can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a main part of a toroidal type continuously variable transmission according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a deformed state of the input disk.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing a basic configuration of the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission to which the present invention is applied in a state of maximum deceleration.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing a state at the time of maximum speed increase.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an example of a conventional toroidal-type continuously variable transmission.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a deformed state of the cam plate and the input disk when the device shown in FIG. 5 is operated.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a deformed state of the second input disk.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 input shaft 2 input disk 2a inner surface 2b outer surface 3 output shaft 4 output disk 4a inner surface 5 pivot 6 trunnion 7 displacement shaft 8 power roller 8a peripheral surface 9 pressurizing device 10 cam plate 11 retainer 12 roller 13 cam surface 14 Cam surface 15 First input disk 15a Inner surface 16 Second input disk 16a Inner surface 17 Connecting shaft 18 First output disk 18a Inner surface 19 Second output disk 19a Inner surface 20 Output shaft 21 Gear 22 Extraction shaft 23 Gear 24 Belleville spring 25 Sliding plate 26 Thrust needle bearing 27 Cage 28 Recess 29 Recess

Claims (1)

(57) [Scope of request for utility model registration] 1. A cam plate fixed concentrically with an input shaft and rotating with the input shaft, an input disk rotatable about an axis concentric with the input shaft, and a mutual connection between the input disk and the cam plate. A cam surface formed on at least one of the opposing surfaces and having irregularities extending in the circumferential direction, and between the opposing surfaces of the input disk and the cam plate,
A plurality of rollers arranged in the radial direction, and an elastic member provided between surfaces of the input disk and the cam plate that face each other, and having elasticity in a direction to increase a gap between the surfaces facing each other; Placed concentrically with the input disk,
And, parallel to the rotatably supported output disk, the input, output and central axes of the disc with respect to the input disc
However, in the twisted position that does not intersect this center axis,
A power roller sandwiched between input and output disks, rotatably supported by a displacement shaft supported by a trunnion that swings about a pivot axis that is perpendicular to the direction of the center axis of The inner surfaces of the input and output disks facing each other are concave surfaces having a circular cross section,
In the toroidal-type continuously variable transmission in which the peripheral surface of the power roller is a spherical convex surface and the peripheral surface and the inner surface are in contact with each other, the plurality of rollers are more preferably formed by the cam plate and the elastic member than the elastic member. A toroidal-type continuously variable transmission characterized in that it is provided inside a diameter direction of an input disk.