JP2574833C - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This application is based on U.S. Patent Application No. 876,077, filed June 19, 1986.
U.S. Patent Application No. 876,077 is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Patent Application No. 676,823, filed November 30, 1984, which is incorporated herein by reference. No. 823 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 558,604, filed December 6, 1983, now abandoned. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to eyeglass frames, and more particularly to frames made from shape memory alloys. Background of the Invention Metals that have been used historically to make metal spectacle frames are usually
For the most part, they were chosen to meet the purpose of ease of fabrication. Nickel silver, monel,
And metals such as phosphor bronze have a fairly high yield strength but very low work hardening, which can cause large deformations during manufacturing due to this low work hardening. However, in use, these metals tend to suddenly bend somewhat in very localized areas if the yield strength is exceeded. This sharp bend is very difficult to remove without leaving "kinks" in the bend. Higher strength frame materials, such as high strength stainless steel and beryllium copper, can withstand much higher elastic strains without permanent deformation. However, they are still limited to about 1% elastic strain, and if the yield strength is exceeded, a bend is formed that is difficult to remove. U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,035, Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-115517, Japanese Patent No. 84714, JP-A-56-68616, JP-A-56-99317, JP-A-56-95215, 58-186719, and Patent Application Publication 61
Many references, such as US Pat. No. 5,500,639, disclose the use of shape memory alloys, particularly nickel-titanium alloys, for use as frame components due to their "superelastic" or "pseudoelastic" nature. It suggests. Although these terms are often used interchangeably, they refer to two distinct and distinct properties of the alloy. Therefore, in the present invention, in the description and claims, pseudoelastic
) And superelastic are defined and used as follows. That is, pseudoelastic is defined as stress-strain.
If it explains with a rain) characteristic, it will show the stress-strain characteristic as shown in FIG. 2C. FIG. 2C shows the stress-strain characteristic at a temperature slightly higher than the M _s point and much lower than the M _d . The stress increases as the stress increases, and the elastic characteristics from point A to point F increase. It increases proportionally with the part that has it. Beyond point F, deformation occurs between point F and point G due to the formation of stress-induced martensite. In a material that is not a shape memory alloy, this deformation does not return to its original state even when the stress is removed. However, the material having pseudoelasticity here is a stress-strain line from the point G to the point H. , I, A return to the original state when the stress is removed. Such behavior is called pseudoelasticity. Superelastic refers to a stress-strain characteristic as shown in FIG. 2F.
This shows the stress-strain characteristic at a temperature equal to or lower than the _Ms point. As the stress increases, the strain also increases and changes upward on the line as shown by the arrow. After that, when the stress is removed, the shape is not proportional, as shown by the arrow below the line, but returns to the original shape close to the line of the upward arrow when the stress is applied, leaving no deformation. This is called superelasticity. These cited examples, in particular, US Pat. No. 4,472,035 and Japanese Patent No. 8471.
Careful research with No. 4 indicates that the elasticity mentioned is a "pseudoelastic" property of shape memory alloys. This pseudoelasticity occurs within a limited temperature range slightly above the stress-free austenite-martensite transformation temperature. This transformation involves the formation of stress-induced martensite, which is strained as it forms and releases the applied stress. As soon as the applied stress is removed, the thermally unstable martensite returns to austenite,
The distortion naturally returns to zero. This behavior gives the material a very high apparent elasticity without inducing any permanent set, but narrowly limits the temperature range available in a given alloy. Pseudoelasticity depends on the behavior in the narrow part of the transformation temperature range, so if the temperature drops only 10 ° C., the behavior can change to normal shape memory. In this case, the deformed component remains deformed until it is heated. Also, if the alloy is annealed to provide good pseudoelastic properties, the yield strength of the alloy will be too low at low temperatures to function as a satisfactory component. Conversely, only one pseudoelastic component
Even heating at 0 ° C. significantly reduces the amount of pseudoelastic strain. The stress required to induce stress in martensite exceeds the austenitic yield strength, resulting in permanent set. Thus, an effective useful temperature range for pure pseudoelastic components may be only 20 ° C. As described above, the glasses frame using the conventionally proposed shape memory alloy,
It can only be used in a very narrow temperature range of about 20 ° C or less,
Such products, when used as eyeglasses that would be of commercial value, are not really useable. That is, conventionally, it has been proposed that shape memory alloys are used for glasses,
Shape memory alloys exhibiting pseudoelasticity at room temperature were considered to be most suitable for glasses frames, but as described above, the temperature range that can be used as glasses is only 20 ° C at most, so glasses should be used in environments where the temperature difference is 20 ° C or more. As was useless at all. For example, if the glasses are made of pseudoelastic nickel-titanium shape memory alloy that functions as glasses at a lower temperature of 0 ° C. when the temperature rises above 20 ° C., the glasses will begin to lose their spring properties and the glasses will come off the face. become. Conversely, the upper limit of operating temperature is 3
If glasses having spring properties are made at a temperature of 0 ° C., if the temperature is lower than 10 ° C., the glasses still lose their spring properties and cannot be used as glasses. Thus, while both the elastic and memory properties of shape memory alloys have been discussed as potentially useful for eyeglass frames, conventional artisans have not fully addressed the limitations on the use of these materials. It is apparent that they did not understand and did not reveal any information about the correct thermo-mechanical processing required to utilize the shape memory alloy as a component of the frame. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to 1) be highly resistant to permanent deformation or "kinking" over the entire range of ambient temperatures, or 2) be sufficiently resistant to deformation and heated. Or 3) easy to disassemble and reassemble, or 4) does not require screws in the hinges. One aspect of the present invention is to provide a pseudoelastic metallurgy in which at least a portion of the eyeglass frame is made of a nickel-titanium based shape memory alloy and the portion is work hardened. Wherein said portion has undergone work hardening, has a low effective modulus of elasticity that gives a soft and springy feel, and said portion has an elasticity of greater than 3%. Another aspect of the invention is that a frame is made of a nickel-titanium based shape memory alloy, at least a portion of which is a work hardened and heat treated structure, and wherein the portion is A glasses frame characterized by at least 3% heat recoverable shape memory properties upon work hardening and subsequent heat treatment, a yield strength greater than 30,000 psi (207 MPa), and at least 3% elasticity. ". To describe these in detail, the object of the present invention is to form a spectacle frame and a part of a spectacle frame with a shape memory alloy having characteristics combining superelastic characteristics and pseudoelastic characteristics (hereinafter referred to as “optimized elasticity”). Is achieved by providing a spectacle frame, which is created. One aspect of the present invention is the use of work hardening to produce glasses with superelastic properties that can be used over a much wider temperature range than previously suggested (about 20 ° C.). To use a quasi-elastic material, ie, [optimized elasticity]. With nickel-titanium based alloys, an operating temperature range of up to 60 ° C. is obtained, and the present invention enables perfect practical glasses. This temperature range of 60 ° C. is rather too ideal, and is not always required by glasses in this temperature range. When the temperature range is 20 ° C., there is no practicality as described above for the conventionally proposed glasses. However, when the temperature range is as high as 30 ° C., sufficient practical glasses are obtained in a place where the temperature difference is small. In an environment where the temperature difference is further increased, the manufacturing conditions may be selected in accordance with the conditions in those temperature ranges. In one ideal aspect of the invention, there is provided an eyeglass frame having at least one pair of rims and one pair of corresponding eyeglasses, at least a portion of which is at least 30% work hardened. A spectacle frame made from a memory alloy and having an elasticity of 3% or more over a temperature range of -20C to + 40C is provided. Thus, the most ideal temperature range of 60 ° C. (−20 ° C. to + 40 ° C.) can be achieved by giving the nickel-titanium based pseudoelastic material a work hardening of 30% or more. To obtain a component of the glasses frame having an arbitrary temperature range from a temperature range (30 ° C. width) to an ideal temperature range (60 ° C. width), which is not such an ideal temperature range, it is necessary to use: According to the method described in order to obtain the above ideal temperature range, those having ordinary knowledge belonging to the technical field, according to examples and detailed description of the present invention described below, for example, alloy composition, cold working conditions, It can be easily carried out by appropriately selecting heat treatment conditions and the like. In another ideal aspect of the present invention, there is provided a spectacle frame having at least one pair of rims and a pair of corresponding ridges, wherein at least a portion of the spectacle frame is at least 30% work hardened. Made from memory alloy, then a portion is heat treated at a temperature below 400 ° C. for 1 hour or more to obtain a minimum 3% heat recoverable shape memory and a yield strength greater than 30,000 psi (207 MPa [megapascal]). A glasses frame having at least 3% elasticity is provided. In another aspect of the present invention, 1) a combination of shape memory properties and elastic properties is shown, 2) the shape recording properties of these alloys are utilized as fastener elements, and 3) the martensitic state of the alloys as hinges. By utilizing flexibility and fatigue resistance, it is possible to provide such a component of a glasses frame. In yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a glasses frame having at least one fastener portion, wherein the fastener portion is made from a shape memory alloy having a martensitic transformation temperature below ambient temperature, Has an austenite transformation temperature above which the alloy transforms into an austenitic state, applying a clamping or loosening force. In yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a glasses frame having a pair of rims and a pair of corresponding vines, the rims being connected to the vine by a pair of hinge portions, wherein the hinge portions are Glasses made from a shape memory alloy having an austenite transformation temperature above ambient temperature, such that when below the austenitic transformation temperature the alloy is in its martensitic state and is highly flexible and fatigue resistant. A frame is provided. In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a glasses frame having at least one fastener portion, wherein the fastener portion is made of a shape memory alloy having a martensitic transformation temperature higher than ambient temperature, wherein the alloy is The glasses frame has an austenite transformation temperature such that the alloy transforms to an austenitic state when a temperature becomes higher than a certain temperature and applies a clamping force at that time, and the alloy maintains the clamping force when returning to the martensitic state. Provided. In yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a spectacle frame having at least one fastener portion, wherein the fastener portion is made from a shape memory alloy having a martensitic transformation temperature lower than ambient temperature. Provides an eyeglass frame having an austenite transformation temperature such that when the alloy rises above a certain temperature, it transforms into an austenitic state and applies a loosening force.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a general eyeglass frame including details on one embodiment of the present invention.
It is a perspective view. FIG. 2A is a graph of temperature versus strain when a constant stress is applied.
The temperature which characterizes the transformation between the austenitic and martensitic phases of the alloy
It is bounded on the graph. 2B-2E show four stress-strain behaviors of a fully annealed shape memory alloy.
At different temperatures. FIG. 2B—Temperature T ₁ Is M _s Lower. Figure 2C-Temperature T _Two Is M _s Slightly higher than M _d Considerably lower. Figure 2D-Temperature T _Three Is T _Two Higher but M _d Lower. Figure 2E-Temperature T _Four Is A _f Higher and M _d taller than. FIG. 2F shows T <M as shown in FIG. 2B. _s Of martensitic alloys in steel
It exhibits a force-strain behavior and the alloy is work hardened. This is super elastic
This is a defined behavior. FIG. 2G shows the work hardened and partially annealed alloy as shown in FIG. 2B.
Temperature T <M _s 2 shows a combination of elastic properties and shape memory properties. FIG. 2H shows the temperature of the work-hardened martensite alloy as shown in FIG. 2C.
Degree M _s <T <M _d Shows the stress-strain behavior at. This behavior is "optimized elasticity
FIG. 3 shows a lens holder that applies a clamping force in a two-way action activated by heat.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the rim taken along line 3-3 in FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 3 of a modification. FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of the vine of the eyeglass frame pivotally attached to the rim by fasteners.
It is. FIGS. 6, 7, 9 and 10 show the rims as shown in FIG.
Partial exploded views showing various embodiments of shape memory alloy fasteners that may be employed in connection.
FIG. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the opened shape of the fastener of FIG. FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of a fastener that can be employed in the embodiment of FIG.
You. FIG. 12 is a partial perspective view showing an arrangement of fasteners using nuts and / or bolts made of a shape memory alloy. FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 are a front view and a partial cross-sectional view, respectively.
3 shows the connection of the nose bridge and vine to the nose. FIG. 14 shows a boundary surface of a lens according to a modification. FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a shape memory alloy rim, which engages a lens,
It pivots due to heat recovery. FIG. 16 is a partial perspective view of a nose pad support member used in the present invention. FIG. 17 is a partial perspective view of a one-piece hinge according to the present invention. FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a temple used in the present invention. Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to FIG. 1, glasses having a frame 12 are shown generally at 10.
I have. The frame 12 includes two eyeglass rims 14 and 16, a nose bridge 18,
It has a pad 19,21 and a temple 20,22.
16 is hinged. The vines 20, 22 are placed over the ears of the wearer (not shown)
And a bridge 18 connects the two lenses and rests on and supports the wearer's nose.
Nose pads 19 and 21 are attached to rims 14 and 16 by wires 23 and 25.
Be killed. 2A to 2F show the stress of a typical shape memory alloy under various conditions.
The distortion diagram is shown. Temperature T is the temperature at which the stress-strain test is performed, and generally
Is within the temperature range to be used. FIG. 2B shows the M _s Lower temperature T ₁ The stress-strain characteristic at
, The fully annealed shape memory alloy, as stress is applied,
Up to point B, the relationship between stress and strain changes proportionally, but then deforms and from point B
The distortion increases at points C and D. When the stress is removed at point D, it returns to point E, as shown in the figure.
Approximately 9% residual strain remains. FIG. 2C is as described above, and FIG. _Two Higher but M _d Than
Low temperature T _Three The stress-strain characteristic at
Then, the relationship between stress and strain changes proportionally, then deforms, and the stress is removed at point K.
Then, the strain decreases to points L and M, and the residual strain remains even when the stress becomes zero. FIG. 2E shows A _f And M _d Temperature T higher than any of _Four The stress-strain characteristics at
When stress is applied, the relationship between stress and strain changes proportionally until almost point N,
Is deformed, and when the stress is removed at the point D, the strain decreases to the point P, and the stress remains even when the stress becomes zero.
The distortion remains. The shape memory alloy thus sufficiently annealed has a stress-
It has a distortion characteristic. The mechanical properties of shape memory alloys are greatly affected by processing and temperature, and are particularly shown in FIG. 2A.
Temperature and temperature within the temperature range near the transformation temperature. Uniaxial tensile properties are used to characterize the mechanical properties of the frame components.
State. Because this uniaxial tensile property is most easily tested,
Because it is compared with other materials and other results. Test the frame component in question
In order to achieve this, a straight blade with a uniform cross section is pulled with a standard testing machine,
During this time, the strain is measured using an extensometer fixed to the actual specimen under study, and the test is performed.
The load was measured by the machine. In FIG. 2A, the strain E generated in the alloy when a constant stress U is applied is related to the temperature.
It is drawn as a clerk. Based on the cooling, the alloy becomes martensitic transformation onset temperature M _s To
When it reaches, the strain increases suddenly. This temperature M _s Austen
Knight microstructure begins to transform to much softer low temperature martensite microstructure
Confuse. Alloy is martensite final temperature M _f Completely transformed into martensite
This increase in distortion continues until it is replaced. When the alloy is heated again,
Start temperature A _s The reverse transformation to austenite begins at
Stainite final temperature A _f Completed in In general, A _s Is M _f Slightly higher than cold
The curve of the temperature difference between cooling and heating is called hysteresis. The width of the hysteresis is
It can be achieved by the temperature of 10 ° C to 100 ° C in the nickel titanium alloy,
Even wider for copper based alloys. Note that M _d Is the maximum temperature at which martensitic transformation occurs due to stress induction.
This is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,505,767.
It is. However, when the alloy undergoes at least about 30% work hardening, and preferably at least about 40% plastic deformation, a different set of stress-strain curves is obtained and a suitable temperature range is obtained.
Work hardening using an alloy having a surrounding (T) (in some cases, annealing later)
Specific components of the glasses frame can be made to achieve the desired properties
. For example, the significant work hardening of shape memory alloys (ie, about 30% or more)
Plastic deformation) occurs at a temperature T <M as shown in FIG. 2F. _s Highly elastic in
2F shows the same alloy without work hardening.
FIG. 2B. M _s <T _Two <M _d In, the same alloy
It behaves as shown in Figure 2H, where the alloy is "work hardened pseudoelastic"
It is described as being. Figures 2F and 2H show purely elastic eyeglass construction
Ideal for use on elements such as vines, bridges, nose support wires, etc.
It shows the characteristics. The pseudoelastic behavior shown in FIG. 2C is too limited in the temperature range
Although it cannot be used because it is _s Select an alloy with temperature and optimize
By treating this alloy to achieve a work hardening of
The behavior of FIG. 2F or 2H can be achieved over the entire temperature range of ° C.
Should the alloy be M _s Even when exposed to higher temperatures, as shown in FIG.
Work hardened pseudoelastic behavior allows the alloy to retain the desired elasticity and strength
Guaranteed. Carefully work harden the frame material to the appropriate level and after all other processing
By maintaining the work hardening of the steel by not annealing
Extremely “springy” yield strength is acceptably high at temperatures of
"A component can be obtained. The work-hardened tissue is as shown in FIG. 2B.
It is not subject to easily thermally recoverable strain, but rather exhibits the behavior of FIG. 2F. Even if the operating temperature
Is the alloy M _s And M _d Extreme springiness due to the pseudoelastic effect
Partially retained, while the martensite or austenite phase undergoes permanent deformation
On the other hand, resistance due to work hardening is used (FIG. 2H). In these situations
High yield strength due to the low effective modulus of the material and correctly retained work hardening
Allows components to be several times more elastic than standard frame materials
. Throughout the temperature range of use of the eyeglass frame (i.e., about -20C to + 40C).
In order to achieve the desired very high elasticity, it is desirable to combine both pseudoelastic and superelastic properties of the components. (See FIGS. 2C and 2F).
This is consistent with the upper portion of the desired operating temperature range (i.e., about 10C to 40C).
Select an alloy with a pseudoelastic temperature range to satisfy the lower part of the operating temperature range
It is achieved by adding work hardening to achieve a super-elastic behavior. Little
By adding about 30% work hardening to the components,
Plastic strain and heat-recoverable strain at least 75 ksi (517 MPa)
Is suppressed. In the pseudoelastic temperature range, this property is at least 75 ksi (5
Up to a stress of 17 MPa), the combination of superelastic and pseudoelastic properties, ie, "optimized
(See 2H). Therefore, -2 for the glasses frame.
Throughout the useful temperature range from 0 ° C. to + 40 ° C., the components are up to 6% strain
Acts completely elastically. This is achieved with a traditional metal glasses frame
Range of several times. FIGS. 2F, 2G and 2H show ideal components of the glasses according to the invention.
The features are shown. In particular, the frame components made of nickel-titanium
After work hardening, partial annealing is performed, resulting in M _s Lower temperature
In FIG. 2G, it shows springiness and shape memory as shown in FIG. _s When
M _d Components exhibiting springiness and shape memory as shown in FIG. 2H at temperatures between
Is obtained. If the glasses components have undergone additional work hardening,
Otherwise, as shown in FIG. 2F, M _s High springiness at lower temperatures
Show behavior. As shown in FIGS. 2F and 2H, the glasses component is -20.
Completely elastic up to a strain of at least 4% over a temperature range from ℃ to +40 ℃
You. In the technology of eyeglass frames, the desired eyeglass frame components should be
The characteristics are as follows: (1) The desired shape is maintained not only under normal conditions but also under severe conditions.
It has resistance to permanent deformation, that is, elasticity. And (2) soft
Gives the wearer a more comfortable,
That is, the fact that the effective elastic modulus of the material is small is included. In addition, such a property is associated with the wide operating temperatures typically encountered by eyeglass frame components.
Over a range of degrees. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the glasses frame component comprises at least
By 30% work hardening (with or without partial annealing)
Be produced. To provide a comfortable feeling to the wearer of the glasses, the frame structure
To provide the desired level of elasticity and modulus of elasticity to the components, the glasses frame configuration
It is essential that sufficient work hardening remains in the element. According to a preferred embodiment
At least 30% work hardening is applied to the components of the glasses (below 400 ° C).
(Partial annealing at or below temperature for one hour or more may or may not be performed). Other levels of work hardening, different annealing temperatures to obtain the desired elasticity and elastic modulus
The availability of degrees and times is important for those involved in the field of
It will be obvious. Desirable levels of work hardening are partially baked at temperatures above 400 ° C for less than one hour.
The component is less than 30% work hardened by annealing or without annealing.
It is only necessary that it be held. However, at temperatures that are too high, and / or
Heating a component for too long may result in complete burning of the component.
Will be dulled, i.e. all residual work hardening in the component will be lost
. On the other hand, the heating temperature is too low or the heating time is too short
As a result, no change occurs in the residual work hardening in the component.
You. Simply stated, the higher the processing hardness, the higher the rigidity of the material and the higher the degree of annealing.
The rigidity of the material is reduced. In actual glasses frame components, idealized properties are desirable
As in the embodiment, it need not be achieved over the entire temperature range of -20C to + 40C.
. Therefore, as already mentioned, the temperature range of 0 ° C. to 30 ° C. or -10 ° C. to + 30 ° C.
Components exhibiting the desired elasticity and modulus of elasticity have considerable practical value. same
The components which are at least 15% work hardened also have the desired combination of elasticity and rigidity
Can be indicated. The nickel-titanium glasses frame component according to the present invention includes a conventional
Nickel silver, monel, beryllium copper, stainless steel and titanium glasses
It can add shape memony capabilities that cannot be obtained with the same material.
While these previously known materials without shape memory capability do not exhibit elasticity greater than 1%, the glasses frame components made of nickel-titanium alloy
Provides at least 3% elasticity and at least 3% heat recoverable shape memory ability
Can be obtained. That is, this component is at least 3% elastic from its original shape.
Can be sexually deformed and return to its original shape simply by heating its components
Can be done. In the present invention, "low effective elastic modulus"
Means that that part of the glasses frame has low stiffness
To tell. Also, having “3% elasticity” means that the frame components of the glasses endure.
This means that the resulting elastic strain is at most 3%. Thus, the “low effective elastic modulus”
Having it means that the glasses frame components feel like a soft spring
Is to show. "3% elasticity" means glasses frame
The component causes the component to be deformed by a strain of 3% or more and removes the force.
It indicates that it can be restored to its original form when you leave. George E. George E. Dieter, Jr. (Dieter
) A 1961 publication entitled "Mechanical Metallurgy"
According to their excerpt, the modulus of elasticity is the measure of the rigidity of a material.
Temperature, and one of the most stable mechanical properties.
It is only slightly affected by heat treatment or cold working.
However, it is a well-known fact that increasing the temperature decreases the elastic modulus.
The diator is also caused by applying a certain stress as the elastic modulus is larger.
He points out that the elastic strain is small. Therefore, the larger elastic modulus is
For materials with higher rigidity. For example, the elasticity of stainless steel at room temperature
The number is 28.0 × 10 ⁶ While, on the other hand, that of titanium alloys at room temperature
16.5 × 10 ⁶ But only much smaller. Therefore, compared to stainless steel
The nickel-titanium alloy has a small effective elastic modulus. The term “work hardening” is used in the art to refer to “
What is meant by "strain hardening" or "cold work"
Is understood. In particular, as indicated elsewhere in the Dieter literature,
The phenomenon of increased stress required to cause a certain amount of shear due to applied plastic deformation is known as strain hardening or work hardening. Furthermore, strain hardening is removed
Plastic deformation that occurs at such a temperature and time interval that is not possible is called cold working. Thus
And the "30% work hardening" feature is seen by the glasses frame components
Shows the amount of cold working. Some of the cold work is removed by a later heat treatment
It should be noted that For example, using a shape memory alloy having a transformation temperature of 0 ° C. to make appropriate components
be able to. Extend the vine change to a diameter of 0.060 "(1.52mm)
Anneal at 600 ° C. for 15 minutes, then 0.036 ″ × 0.083 ″ (0.92 mm × 2
. 11 mm) (plastic deformation greater than 45%) by pressing into flat pieces
Sufficient cold work is provided. The component is 150ks at 4% tensile strain
i (1033MPa) or more stress, complete elastic spring return at room temperature
Show. By additional stretching steps or by rolling or pressing to other shapes, etc.
Other methods of giving equal amounts of cold work give rise to similar strength and elastic properties
It will be understood. A part of the glasses frame shows optimized elasticity, this part being at least about
30%, preferably at least about 40% work hardened and at a temperature between -20 ° C and + 40 ° C
Made from a shape memory alloy having an elasticity greater than 6% over its range,
It can be seen from the above description that a frame can be manufactured. In order to use the features of shape memory especially for components like glasses vine,
While achieving a very high effective yield strength (about 30 ksi (207 MPa) or more), 6%
Can retain sharp full shape memory resilience from deformation of the outer fiber strain magnitude
is necessary. Due to work hardening and partial annealing, M _s At lower temperatures, more
Has a combination of high yield strength, very elastic behavior and some shape memory properties
Alloy is obtained. This behavior is shown in FIG. 2G. This means at least
At least 74 ksi (517 MPa) is applied to the component by applying about 30% plastic deformation.
), Followed by at least 75 ksi (5
30 ksi (207 MPa) to 50 ksi (344 MPa) from a work-hardened value of 17 MPa).
a) a final heat treatment step to reduce the yield strength to the heat treated level
Is achieved. This order provides at least 6% of fully recoverable distortion potential. Optimal processing is the final forming operation that gives a cold work of about 30% to 40%
Followed by a temperature above room temperature but below 400 ° C. (eg, about 275 ° C.)
And a heat treatment performed for 1 hour or more at a yield strength of 30 ksi (
270 MPa) to 50 ksi (344 MPa). For example, the vine component stretches the material to a 0.070 ″ (1.78 mm) diameter,
This can be made by annealing at a temperature of 600 ° C. for 15 minutes. next,
This component is 0.0875 "(2.22 mm) wide x 0.049" (1.25 mm)
) Pressed to a thick, flat section (plastic deformation of 35% or more). This configuration
The element now has a yield strength of 99 ksi (682 MPa). Then this component
Is annealed at a temperature of 280 ° C. for 5 hours. The resulting component is 31ks
i (214 MPa) and 125 ksi (861 MPa) at 7.5% strain.
a) has a tensile strength of 3.7% and gives an elastic spring return of 3.7% excluding load.
Provides 3.8% shape memory recovery when heated. As another example, in order to obtain a "stiffer" vine, the components are reduced to 0.
075 "(1.91mm) diameter, then annealed at 400 ° C for 30 minutes
After pressing, press into 0.097 "x 0.049" (2.46mm x 1.25mm) (38
% Plastic deformation). Last annealing at 250 ° C for 8 hours
As a result, about 49 ksi (338 MPa) (about 110 ksi (758 MPa) before annealing)
And a tensile strength of 113 Ksi (778 MPa) at 7.25% strain.
A component having high strength is obtained. When heated, this component is 5.0
% Elastic spring return, giving 2.25% shape memory recovery. Additional stretching steps
, Or other person who gives an equal amount of cold work by rolling or pressing to other shapes, etc.
It is understood that the method produces similar strength, shape memory recovery and elastic properties.
Let's go. From the above description, a part of the glasses frame is made from shape memory alloy,
Memory with a minimum of 3% heat recovery and yield greater than 30 ksi (207 MPa)
Able to make glasses frames with strength and at least 3% elasticity
I understand. When using the shape-memory nature of a component to achieve a clamping or clamping function, the material described in FIG. 2B or 2G may be used as this component.
Can be. The transformation temperature of the material is such that a martensitic structure can be obtained by cooling.
It is better to choose. That way, austenite retrograde occurs when warmed to operating temperature.
Will be tricky. Alternatively, the material may be transformed to austenite to form
Requires heating to a temperature higher than the operating temperature to induce a state memory effect.
Would. In use, the component is either austenite or martensite
Is also good. From the above description, a glasses frame having at least one fastener part is produced
And the fastener part has a shape memory with a martensitic transformation temperature lower than the ambient temperature.
Made of an alloy, and when the temperature of the alloy rises above a certain temperature, the alloy enters the austenitic state
It has an austenite transformation temperature that transforms and applies the tightening force of that transformation.
It can be seen that an eyeglass frame can be manufactured. Alternatively, the alloy is at ambient temperature
Can have a martensitic transformation temperature higher than
When the temperature is raised to the tenite state, the alloy exerts a clamping force and the components
The said clamping force is maintained when cooling to the tensite state. A component utilizing the flexibility and fatigue resistance of a shape memory alloy (as shown in FIG. 17)
In), the preferred materials are those in the form described in FIG. 2B.
The component is always in martensitic state during use and therefore low martensite
In order to ensure high yield strength and high reversible martensite strain, alloys
Should be above the operating temperature range. If the alloy is higher effective stiffness
If desired, the transformation shown in FIG. 2F, 2G or 2H
Can be used. From the above description, a glasses frame having a hinge portion was produced, and the hinge portion was manufactured.
The alloy with an austenite transformation temperature higher than the ambient temperature,
At temperatures below the KN, the alloy is in a martensitic state and is highly
It can be seen that a spectacle frame having flexibility and fatigue resistance can be manufactured. The above-mentioned shape memory alloy is applied to the following parts of the glasses frame.
It is not limited to the part. 1) Optimized elastic vine wire bridge 2) Elasticity and memory vine wire rim, bridge 3) Shape memory only hinge wire rim 4) martensite hinge 1 Alloy
Is the subject of U.S. Pat. No. 3,351,463, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Include in the description. Among other documents describing the processing and characterization of suitable compositions
Is the principal developer of 55 Nitinol, Phillip J .; Bula Expo
And William B. "55 Nitinol by cross" ... a unique wire with memory
An article entitled "Alloys" (this was published in a wire journal published in June 1969)
Was included). This document describes N-69-36367 or NASA CR-1
433 and is located in Springfield VA22151.
Clearinghouse of Scientific and Technical Information
Available from All of these publications are incorporated herein by reference.
You. Examples of shape memory alloys are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,17,17, incorporated herein by reference.
Nos. 4,851, and 3,672,879. Titanium-Ni
Kel-cobalt alloys are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,558,369. suitable
Two-component nickel-titanium shape memory alloys are well known to those skilled in the art,
It is described in patents and articles such as the aforementioned Buehler. In FIG. 1, the rim 14 is shown in a contracted shape (recovered state).
The rim 14 abuts the lens 24 and forms an interference fit therewith. Re
The rim 16 shows a rim having a shape (deformed state) that can be expanded with respect to the lens 26,
The rim 16 accommodates this lens 26 insert. In this embodiment,
The beams 14 and 16 apply a clamping force to the lens. The rims 14 and 16 are made of nickel-titanium alloy, various aluminum brass.
Like but not limited to copper alloys and other known alloys that exhibit shape memory effects
Not made of shape memory alloy. One well known nickel-titanium alloy
Gold is known as nitinol. In FIG. 1, for example,
Shape memory alloys can be molded to have a memory shape, in which sufficient heat is
When generated, the alloy returns to its memorized form. That is, the shape memory alloy is deformed.
And then return to the memorized shape when it is heated. This memory characteristic is
Is the austenite recovered from the deformed martensitic state
It contributes to changing the state by applying heat. The rims 14 and 16 are made of alloy
The rims 14, 16 can be deformed while in the site state, and then
Exposure to the memory shape (ie, the restored austenite state)
Is restored, thereby applying clamping force. Transition temperature or recovery of rims 14, 16
Methods for guiding the temperature include methods for adjusting the temperature of the environment surrounding the rims 14, 16;
A method of generating heat due to the resistance of a material by passing an electric current through 14, 16 using induction heating
Or using other temperature control techniques. Rim 14, 16 temperature
Technology that allows precise control of the rim, for example,
It is preferable to immerse in the water. In one mode of operation, when the lens is in the final position, the rim is restored to the restored position.
-In the austenitic state. The rim 14 is shown in FIG. 1 in a (recovered) memory configuration.
Have been. In the formed condition as seen with respect to rim 16 rim 16
16 is large enough so that lens 24 can be inserted therein. Heat
Then, the rim 16 contracts and comes into close contact with the lens 24 to exert a clamping force. So
Therefore, in this method, the rim is heated to grip and hold the lens firmly.
You. The rate at which the rim 16 contracts can be precisely controlled by controlling the application of heat to the rim 16.
Can be tightly controlled. (This feature is a feature of the present invention as it relates to metal recovery.
It should be noted that it belongs to all embodiments. In another mode of operation, the rim 14 can be in a deformed martensite state when closed and in close contact with the lens. In this state
By heating the rim 14, the rim 1 in a deformed martensite state
4 is restored to the open and restored austenite state, thereby loosening
Force can be applied. Therefore, in this embodiment, the insertion and removal of the lens
Is performed when the rim is in the stored shape corresponding to the rim 16 and the lens is
14 is held in place by the deformed rim. Referring to FIG. 3, a preferred cross section of the rim 30 according to the present invention is shown.
. This cross section is C-shaped and forms a groove 32 along the length of the rim 30. Groove 32
Selectively increase to allow release of lens 34 or retention of lens 34, respectively.
It has a radial dimension that can be reduced. As suggested earlier, release (relaxing
) Or retention (clamping) can be achieved by recovery to a memorized shape,
An auxiliary operation is performed by deforming the radial dimension of the rim 30.
Deformation of the shape memory alloy, including the rim, is desired while the alloy is in the martensitic state.
To reduce the radius of the groove by compressing the groove radially inward.
The width of the groove increases when the alloy is heated to the austenite recovery temperature. In considering FIG. 3, it should be noted that the retention of the lens 34 is (a) merely or
Can be performed mainly by the ridges 36, 38 of the rim 30, or (b) the rim
What can be done by the peaks 36, 38 with a friction fit to the inner surface 40 of the
And As shown in FIG. 3, the rim 30 includes an inner layer 42 and an outer layer 44. Inner layer 42
, And ridges 36, 38 disposed along it. Retaining peak along the outer layer 44
Is also within the scope of the present invention. In the latter embodiment, the outer layer 44
The circumference of the C-shape will be relatively larger than the circumference of the inner layer 43. Similarly, the lens
It is also intended that 34 be held by both layers 42,44. The above embodiment
In each case, as will be apparent from the following description, the shape memory alloy is C-shaped.
Inner layer, depending on whether it is used to open or close the channel
Either 42 or outer layer 44 can be made from a shape memory alloy. The outer layer
Preferably, it is made of stainless steel or some other relatively spring-like metal
. When the outer layer 44 is a shape memory alloy, the rim 30 is closed by heating and the lens 3 is closed.
4 is preferably engaged. When the inner layer 42 is a shape memory alloy, the rim 30
The heat opens the lens 34 to release it to a memorized (recovered) shape. Therefore,
By immersing the rim 30 in warm water, the wearer can
34 can be removed and replaced. The C-shaped cross section is a closed rim (eg,
, See FIG. 1) or a partial rim embodiment.
Should. The rim may optionally comprise a single layer of a shape memory alloy, as seen in FIG.
May be implemented. FIG. 4 shows a lens 50 having grooves 52 and 54 in cross section.
The grooves 52 and 54 are formed on both sides of the lens 50 around its periphery.
. A C-shaped frame member 56 is disposed about the outer edge of the lens and has grooves 52,54.
Have ends 58, 60, respectively, seated therein. In this embodiment, the shape description
The alloy frame member 56 provides a clamping force when the alloy is in the austenitic state.
Add. Although a rim consisting of two parts as shown in FIG. 3 may be adopted,
It is preferable to use a single piece rim. Elasticity is an important factor in such applications.
It is important that the strength is weight and that the groove can hold the lens firmly
. The C-shaped cross-section of the rim 56 need not be circular as shown, but will function similarly.
It should be understood that other shapes that may be used, for example, U-shaped, may be used. rim
It is also within the scope of the present invention to expand (expand) and contract in the circumferential direction. Fig. 1
The rim 16 is shown as being circumferentially enlarged with respect to the rim 14
I have. Referring to FIG. 5, a vine 70 is attached to the rim 72 using a fastener portion 74.
The fastening is shown in detail. The fastener portion 74 has a U-shape extending from the rim 72
A shape memory alloy member 76 having a shaped cross section is provided. The end 78 of the temple 70 is a member
It is positioned inside the U-shaped portion of 76. As shown in FIG. 5, a pin 80 pivots the temple 70 and the member 76.
The U-shaped portion of member 76 is then closed. The member 76 is
Memory shape (ie, when the alloy is in its recovered austenite state)
Have been. It will be appreciated that the member 76 will remain in this memorized configuration, even if cooled to a martensitic state, and may function in this state. The member 76 is
In a state of deformable martensite, the members 76 are separated from each other by U-shaped arms.
The arm can be deformed by expanding it.
Depending on the temperature, a lower temperature may be used. Thus, at a temperature lower than the transfer temperature
The temple 70 is detached from the member 76. The alloy of member 76 has its recovered aus
When in the tenite state, the temple 70 can be pivoted again by the member 76.
. In this embodiment, a shape memory member is employed, and the heat is applied at room temperature.
Recover to the first position. In FIG. 6, a two-sided open-ended fastener having an H-shaped cross-section is indicated generally by the reference numeral 90.
Is shown. Pins 92 are located at each end of the fastener 90. Fastener 9
0 at least one end is modified to open the space between the arms at that end of the H-shaped cross section.
Shapeable, its ends can be recovered by heating to the transition recovery temperature
. A fastener 90 connects the temple 70 and the rim (not shown) of the eyeglass frame.
Therefore, it can be used for applications as shown in FIG. The action of the fastener 90 in FIG. 6 is as shown in FIGS.
This is similar to the function of the fastener. FIG. 7 shows a shape memory fastener 1 with a single open end.
00 is shown closed adjacent the temple end 102. Pin state part 1
04 can extend through the through hole 106 in the vine end 102,
To form a pivot joint. In FIG. 8, the fastener 100 is attached to the end 10 of the vine.
2 is open for insertion or removal. The scope of the present invention is not limited to a single pin, such as pin 104, but rather includes two half pins.
(Not shown), one half pin is attached to each U-shaped fastener 100.
The arm extends from the arm and engages with the hole 106 of the temple 102. In addition, frame member
Both members may be a yoke with opposing pins or hemispheres, this pin or
The hemisphere engages opposing holes in the other member. FIG. 9 shows another type of fastener 110. Pin as shown in FIG.
Instead of having 104, the vine end 112 has two half-pins extending therefrom.
114 having a complementary opening 116 in the U-shaped member 110.
Accepted in. As in the embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8, a U-shaped member 110 made of a shape memory alloy can also be opened and closed to make a pivot joint.
You. In FIG. 10, a pivot is provided by a stud or screw made of a shape memory alloy.
A joint is achieved. Complementary hole in vine end 112 and non-shape memory U-shaped element 124
Screw 120 is easily screwed into these complementary holes,
, In the case of studs. When recovered, screws or studs 120
Expands into tight engagement with the U-shaped element 124. U-shaped element 124 is shown as
Any other element or part of a rim such as member 76 shown in FIG.
Is also good. If element 120 is a stud, it takes the form of the stud of FIG.
be able to. The stud 120 has a recess 12 of a member (end of the vine) indicated by 122.
8 has a head 126 seated therein. The split shaft 129 extends from the head 126 to the U
Extends through the hole 130 in the V-shaped element 124 and through the alignment hole in the vine end member 122
. The end of the stud 120 has a short outwardly extending lip 134,
The hook 134 catches on the surface of the shoulder 136 in the lower leg of the U-shaped member 124.
. When in the deformed martensite state, the radially compressed member 12
The 0 slides easily through the respective alignment holes of the temple 122 and the U-shaped member 122. Swelling
When tensioned, the lip 134 engages into the recess 138 and also the vine sidewall and U
Engage with the lower side wall of the clevis to secure the members together. In FIG. 12, a fastener in the form of a bolt and nut assembly is shown generally at 140.
The fastener 140 secures the lens 142 to the rim or other member of the glasses.
It is for specifying. As shown in this figure, the bolt 144 is connected to the rim 1
Extends through 46 and lens 142 and engages complementary nut 148. Bolt 144
And / or nut 148 is made from a shape memory alloy material. Bolt 144 is shaped
If made of memory alloy, it may be axially stretched before being inserted into nut 148.
Deformed to a martensitic state by radial compression
Is preferred. Upon recovery, the shape memory alloy bolt 144 contracts lengthwise.
To expand radially. The shape memory alloy nut shrinks in the radial direction and
A tight connection is made. The magnitude of the contraction and / or expansion is easily controlled by the predetermined memory shape of the bolt 144 and / or the nut 148. Modifications for fixing the lens to the rim are shown in FIGS. 13 and 14.
In a variant, a relatively small clamping individual lens on the vine and nose pad
An arcuate rim member is provided. More specifically, the shape memory members 150 and 152
Preferably, it is square, has a C-shaped cross section, and has a curved outer edge of the lenses 154,156.
It is bowed to match the song. The shape memory members 150 and 152
It may be integral with the entire bridge. The lens engages the end of the C-shaped member
Preferably, it is grooved as described with respect to the embodiment of FIG. Referring again to FIG. 13, the temples 158 and 160 are hinged 162 and 164 pieces.
Members 166, 168 substantially equal to members 150, 152 except for
It is fixed to lenses 154 and 156 via 162 and 164. Connection to lens
The joining direction is the same. Neither the vine, nose pad nor wires are shown, but they
It is considered to be within the scope of the invention. Various members 150, 152, 166, 1
68 is significantly enlarged for clarity of illustration, but in practice it has a sturdy construction.
Providing virtually rim-free glasses that can easily replace defective parts
Offer. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification example in which a groove is formed in a lens.
Lenses such as 54 have been truncated on both sides at the edge of the lens,
Thereby, the gripping by the shape memory alloy 150 is accepted. FIG. 15 shows the entire structure of a glasses frame having shape memory rims 172 and 174.
The rims 172, 174 are shown at 170 when heated to the recovery temperature.
At its far end, it contracts radially inward in a cantilever fashion. Rim 172 based on recovery
, 174 are reduced, the lenses 176, 178 inserted therein are removed from the rim.
172 and 174, the temples 180 and 182 pivot on the rims 172 and 174.
The shaft is engaged. Specifically, the protrusions 184, 186, 188, and 190 have a temple 180.
, 182 into the recess or hole. Further, in FIG. 15, temples 180 and 182 are fixed by hinge joints as shown.
172, 174, shape memory alloy, stainless steel, or some other
Can be made of metal. Alternatively, the hinge joint may be constructed from a flake of a shape memory alloy such as nitinol having good flexibility and fatigue resistance. That is, from many parts
Instead of using hinges, rims 172 and 174 are hung as shown in FIG.
180, 182 and a shape-memory alloy 201 having a foldable length disposed respectively.
Can be used to achieve a pivot joint. The piece 201 is higher than the ambient temperature.
Made of a shape memory alloy with austenite transformation temperature, in which case the austenite
Below the transformation temperature (i.e., at the ambient temperature where the glasses are exposed during use),
Gold is in a martensitic state and is therefore highly flexible and fatigue resistant. Next, referring to FIG. 16, the nose plate 21 is
The rim 16 is connected to the rim 16 via a hook 25. The nose pad 21 (that is, the nose plate) is
It is firmly connected to the nose pad wire 25 by a metal alloy fastener 27. Fastener
27 can be deformed from the shape shown in its martensitic state.
, Whereby the fastener can be inserted or removed. The fastener 27 is
When restored to the stained state, the fastener 27 surrounds the nose pad wire 25
Engage with it. More importantly, the wire 25 is connected to the vine 20, shown in FIG.
22 and bridges 18, permanent deformation and torsion (ki
nking) can be made of shape memory alloy which is resistant to. As a modification,
Is sufficiently resistant to deformation and easily recovers to its original shape by heating
From a shape memory alloy that can be used. Referring more specifically to FIG. 17, there is a vine for coupling with the frame.
Hinge is shown. In this modification, the end 200 of the temple 202 and the frame
Both the extension 204 from the arm 206 has a depth for receiving the hinge piece 201.
Recesses 208 and 210, respectively. Hinge piece 201 is tacked to frame and vine
Can also be used. Vine is also advantageous to use a shape memory alloy as described above
It is. Referring now to FIG. 18 in detail, a vine traverse generally indicated at 212
The face consists of a U-shaped member 214 made of shape memory alloy filled with a reinforcing insert 216
. In order to provide sufficient strength, the shape memory alloy member may be an I-beam,
An optional outer decorative ridge may be provided, for example a ridge 218 as shown by phantom lines. If
If such a shape is adopted, the groove is omitted and the entire vine is covered with plastic.
Can be overturned. In addition, the channel 214 or U-shaped member is
Return leg closing around stainless steel or similar reinforcement insert to form a compliant member
Parts. Thus, the reinforcing insert 216 adds strength to the structure.
But a thin blade of material that is not strong enough to impair the memory effect of the memory material
It can be. Other improvements, modifications, and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of this disclosure.
Will be. Such improvements and modifications, and implementations, are defined by the appended claims.
It is considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

Claims 1. At least a portion of a glasses frame is made of a nickel-titanium based shape memory alloy, said portion being in a work-hardened pseudoelastic metallurgical state, has a low effective modulus of elasticity that gives the feeling of soft spring, or
One, glasses frames, characterized by undergoing work hardening and heat treatment so that at least 3% of the elastic over a temperature range up to + 40 ℃ from -20 ° C.. 2. The glasses frame according to claim 1, wherein said glasses frame includes a pair of temples, and said portion includes said temples. 3. The eyeglass frame of claim 1, wherein said eyeglass frame includes a bridge and said portion includes said bridge. 4. The eyeglass frame includes a pair of lens rims and a pair of nose pads, each nose pad coupled to a respective rim by a nose pad wire, and the portion including the nose pad wire. The glasses frame according to claim 1, wherein: 5. A glasses frame according to claim 1, wherein said portion of said glasses frame has an elasticity of more than 4%. 6. The method according to claim 6, wherein said portion of said glasses frame is at a temperature above 0 ° C.
The spectacle frame according to claim 1, wherein the spectacle frame has an elasticity of greater than 10%. 7. The spectacle frame according to claim 1, wherein said portion of said spectacle frame has an elasticity of more than 3% at a temperature higher than −10 ° C. 8. The spectacle frame of claim 1, wherein said portion of said spectacle frame has an elasticity greater than 3% at a temperature between M _s and M _d . 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said portion of said glasses frame is at a temperature lower than M _s.
The spectacle frame according to claim 1, wherein the spectacle frame has an elasticity of greater than 10%. 10. The glasses of claim 1, wherein said portion of said glasses frame is at least 30% work hardened and partially annealed at a temperature of 400 ° C. or less. flame. 11. The glasses frame of claim 1, wherein said portion of said glasses frame is at least 45% work hardened. 12. At least a portion of the eyeglass frame is made of a nickel-titanium based shape memory alloy, said portion being at least 30% work hardened and subsequently partially annealed at a temperature below 400 ° C. Work hardened and heat treated tissue with at least 3% heat recoverable shape memory properties and 30,000 psi (207
A spectacle frame characterized by a yield strength greater than (MPa) and an elasticity of at least 3%. 13. The glasses frame according to claim 12, wherein said glasses frame includes a pair of temples, and said portion includes said temples. 14. The glasses frame of claim 12, wherein said glasses frame includes a bridge and said portion includes said bridge. 15. The eyeglass frame includes a pair of lens rims and a pair of nose pads, each nose pad coupled to a respective rim by a nose pad wire, and the portion including the nose pad wire. The glasses frame according to claim 12, wherein: 16. A glasses frame according to claim 12, wherein said portion of said glasses frame has an elasticity of more than 4%. 17. The glasses frame of claim 12, wherein said portion of said glasses frame is at least 30% work hardened. 18. The glasses frame of claim 12, wherein said portion of said glasses frame is at least 45% work hardened. 19. The glasses frame of claim 12, wherein said portion of said glasses frame is at least 30% work hardened and subsequently partially annealed. 20. The eyeglass frame according to claim 1, wherein said portion of the frame exhibits pseudoelasticity in an upper portion of an operating temperature range of the glasses and exhibits superelasticity in a lower portion of the operating temperature range. The glasses frame according to claim 1.