JP2566482B2 - Disc brake device for railway vehicles - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a railway vehicle disc brake device mounted on a vehicle towed by a driving vehicle, and more particularly,
The present invention relates to a technique for coping with heat generated in the disc brake device.

[Conventional technology]

As is well known, since a vehicle towed by a driving vehicle (hereinafter referred to as a towing vehicle) does not have a driving electric motor, the course of research and development of the brake device is naturally different from that of the driving vehicle. There is. Specifically, as for the driving vehicle, for example, No. 64-4933 and No. 1171792
As shown in the publication, there is known a structure in which a disc is fixed to a rotor shaft of a drive electric motor for imparting rotation to an axle, and a caliper for sandwiching both side surfaces of the disc by pressure is provided. On the other hand, with regard to the towing vehicle, it is general to employ the braking device of the type shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.

That is, the model shown in FIG. 9 has the axle 10 of the towing vehicle.
A caliper consisting of a link mechanism with the disk 102 fixed to 0.
A pair of linings 105, 105 presses and sandwiches both side surfaces of the disk 102 by operating the brake cylinder 104 in cooperation with each other.

Further, the model shown in FIG. 10 has wheels 11 of a towing vehicle.
Disks are directly attached to both side surfaces 111a and 111b of 1 and a caliper 112 composed of a link mechanism is operated by a hydraulic cylinder 113 so that a pair of linings 114 and 114 presses both side surfaces (both disks) 111a and 111b of the wheel 111. It is configured to be sandwiched.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

However, the brake device of the type shown in FIG. 9 cannot sufficiently cope with the recent increase in the speed of railway vehicles. That is, during braking, especially when braking from high-speed running continues, a large amount of frictional heat is generated in the sliding portion between the disc 102 and the pair of linings 105, 105, and the strength of the disc 102 is rapidly reduced by the heat, and There is a problem that uneven wear and cracks are generated in the 102 and the life of the 102 is reduced. In addition to this, the hot disc 102
A large amount of heat is transferred from the axle 100 to the axle 100, and the strength and durability of the axle 100 are reduced, and the joint between the axle 100 and the wheel 101 is damaged.

On the other hand, even with the brake device of the type shown in FIG. 10, due to the high temperature of the disks 111a, 111b and the wheels 111, similarly to the above, the life of the disks 111a, 111b is shortened and the axle 110 As a result, a large amount of heat is transferred to the axle, resulting in a decrease in the strength of the axle, damage to the joint between the axle 110 and the wheel 111, and other problems.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances,
In addition to improving the structure of the disc itself to prevent the brake device from rising in temperature as much as possible, it also prevents heat conduction to other parts even when the components of the brake device become hot during braking during high-speed running. It is a technical issue to make it possible to reduce it as much as possible.

[Means for solving the problem]

As a concrete means for solving the above technical problem, a plurality of carbon-based composite materials which are attached to an axle of a railway vehicle through a transmission device and rotate together with a rotating shaft portion provided in the transmission device are provided. In a disk brake for a railroad vehicle, wherein a rotor member and a plurality of stator members made of non-rotatably fixed carbon-based composite material generate braking force by friction by pressing of a pressing member, a small inner diameter hole is formed inside the rotating shaft portion. A brake shaft that fits the rotary shaft portion into the inner hole and rotates together with the rotary shaft portion, and the rotor member rotates together with the brake shaft and is slidable only in the axial direction. The stator member is externally fitted and provided so as to be slidable only in the axial direction on a key member fixed to the case. A metal ring plate is provided so as to form a gap between the stator member and the rotor member without directly blowing air onto the small inner diameter hole of the rotating shaft portion and the gap. There is provided cooling air introduction means for introducing the cooling air.

[Action]

According to the above means, in the disc brake device, when the braking force by the pressing member is not applied, the plurality of rotor members that rotate together with the rotating shaft portion, which is the rotation of the axle, is transmitted through the transmission device, that is, the brake shaft. , The rotor member and the stator member are freely rotated with respect to the plurality of stator members attached to the key member. On the other hand, when the braking force is applied by the pressing member, the rotor member and the stator member are axially moved to one side. The members are slid and pushed together to bring the members into pressure contact with each other, and friction generated at this time prevents relative rotation of the rotor member with respect to the stator member. That is, since the key member to which the stator member is attached is fixed to the vehicle-side member such as the transmission device supported by the carriage, the relative rotation of the rotor member with respect to the stator member as described above. If this is blocked, the rotation of the brake shaft that rotates with the rotor member, and by extension, the axle that is connected to the rotary shaft portion via the transmission device so that rotation can be transmitted, will stop.

Then, the present invention, by adopting a multi-plate type disc brake device consisting of a plurality of rotor members made of carbon-based composite material and a plurality of stator members and pressing members made of carbon-based composite material in a towing vehicle, The heat generated during braking from high speed running of the vehicle is dispersed into the frictional heat between each of the plurality of rotor members and stator members,
The amount of heat generated by each member is significantly reduced.

Further, according to the present invention, a rotary shaft portion having a small inner diameter portion formed therein is connected to an inner hole formed in a brake shaft of the multi-disc brake device so as to be rotationally transmittable to an axle via a transmission device. Since the cooling air is introduced into the gap formed between the inner hole, the inner peripheral surface of the case, and the key member, it is assumed that the speed of the railway vehicle has increased in recent years, so that the vehicle is temporarily Even if the rotor member and the stator member of the brake device are heated to a high temperature during braking from high speed running, the cooling air is introduced into the small inner diameter hole or the gap by the cooling air introducing means. Also, the frictional heat accumulated on the outer periphery of the stator member and the frictional heat transmitted to the rotating shaft portion are cooled. The cooling air introduced into the inner hole or the gap is discharged into the atmosphere through a separately provided discharge passage. As a result, the situation that the frictional heat generated between the rotor member and the stator member is conducted to the brake shaft and the rotating shaft portion is reduced as much as possible, and these shafts are rotatably held. This will prevent damage to the bearings. In addition, by using carbon-based composite material for the rotor member and the stator member,
High elasticity, microstructure with little anisotropy, excellent slidability and wear resistance are obtained.

Furthermore, when a large amount of cooling air is brought into direct contact with the carbon-based composite material, it is weathered by oxidation and cannot be used.
According to the present invention, as described above, the cooling air is introduced into the small inner hole of the rotor shaft portion or the gap formed by the metal ring plate between the inner peripheral surface of the case and the key member for cooling. The durability of the rotor member and the stator member is further improved without the cooling air coming into direct contact with the rotor member and the stator member.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.

First, the mounting state of the disc brake device 1 according to the present invention will be described based on the schematic configuration shown in FIG. 1. Below the bogie 50 in the towing vehicle, there is a shaft box 51, via a shaft spring (not shown). With this 51 installed, this axle box 5
Both ends of the axle 2 are rotatably held by 1,51, and a pair of wheels 53, 53 are press-fitted into the axle 2. The transmission device 3 is held astride the protruding frame 50a of the carriage 50 and the axle 2, and one side surface of the transmission device 3 (one side surface of the case of the device 3) is provided with brackets 4 and 4. The disc brake device 1 is fixed. The transmission device 3 incorporates a gear transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotation of the axle 2 to a rotary shaft portion 30 that rotates together with a brake shaft 9 (which will be described later) that is a component of the disc brake device 1.

Next, the detailed structure of the disc brake device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

The disc brake device 1 has a drum-shaped case 7 fixed to the transmission device 3 via brackets 4, 4, and a plurality of key members 8 ... 8 are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the case 7.
Is fixed, and the rotary shaft portion 30 is inserted into the inner center portion of the case 7. The rotary shaft portion 30 is fitted into the brake shaft 9 having the inner hole 90 and fixed by using a pin 91, and a cooling space 92 is provided between the inner hole 90 and the outer circumference of the rotary shaft portion 30. Has been formed. Further, the rotary shaft portion 30 has a small-diameter inner hole 31 whose left end is open. The small-diameter inner hole 31 is in communication with the atmosphere through a filter 62 and the cooling space through the through holes 32. It is connected to 92. Therefore, in this embodiment, the rotary shaft portion 30
The small-diameter inner hole 31 and the through hole 32 are used as an air communication passage for introducing cooling air into the cooling space 92.

On the other hand, on the outer periphery of the brake shaft 9,
Two rotor members 10, 10 that rotate together and are slidable in the axial direction (direction ab in FIG. 2) are attached, and the inner circumference of the key members 8 ... 8 is slidable only in the axial direction. Three movable stator members 11 ... 11 are attached. More specifically (see FIG. 3), the brake shaft 9 is integrally formed with a plurality of ridges 9a ... 9a protruding outward at equal angular intervals along the axial direction. A through hole 10a having the same shape as the outer shape of the rotor member 10 is formed in the central portion of the rotor member 10 and the two are fitted together so that the rotor member 10 rotates together with the brake shaft 9 and is slidable in the axial direction. On the other hand, the key members 8 ... 8 are arranged at equal angular intervals and fixedly supported by the case 7, and the cutouts 11a ... 11a having the same shape as the outer shape of the key members 8 ... The stator member 11 is slidable only in the axial direction with respect to the key members 8 ... 8 by being formed on the outer peripheral edge of the stator member 11 and fitted together. In this case, the rotor member 10 and the stator member 11 are arranged alternately in the axial direction, and the outer peripheral surface 10b of the rotor member 10 and the key member 8 ...
There are slight gaps between the inner peripheral surface of the brake shaft 8 and the inner peripheral surface of the brake shaft 9, and between the inner peripheral surface 11b of the stator member 11 and the outer peripheral surface of the brake shaft 9. The number of rotor members 10 and the number of stator members 11 are not limited to those shown in the second illustration, and may be more or less.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a ring-shaped pressure plate 12 made of a metal material having good thermal strength and conductivity is adjacent to the left side of the stator member 11 arranged at the left end among the above members. The pressure plate 12 is axially slidably fitted to the key members 8 ... 8 in the same manner as the stator member 11, and is arranged at the right end of each member. The pressure plate is provided on the right side of the stator member 11.
Ring-shaped stopper plate made of the same metal material as 12
13 is arranged, and the stopper plate 13 is firmly fixed to the key members 8 ... 8 with the right side surface thereof abutting the inner surface of the right side wall 7a of the case 7. Further, a thin metal ring plate 63 (for example, made of stainless steel) is attached to the plurality of key members 8 so as to cover the outer peripheral portions of the rotor members 10, 10 and the stator members 11 ,. . Therefore, the rotor members 10, 10 and the stator members 11 ... 11
Both sides and the outer periphery of the are covered with the pressure plate 12, the stopper plate 13, and the metal ring plate 63. In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, the pressure plate 12 has a large number of grooves 12x ... 12x radially formed on one side thereof (reference numerals 12y ... 12y are convex portions, reference numerals 12a ... 12a are reference numerals 12a. 12b is a hole into which the piston rod 21 is fitted, and reference numerals 12c ... 12c are key members 8.
Shows the notch where is fitted). Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a large number of grooves 13x ... 13x are also radially formed in the stopper plate 13 (reference numerals 13y ... 13y are convex portions, reference numeral 13).
c ... 13c are notches into which the key member 8 is fitted). Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a large number of through holes 63x ... 63x are formed in the metal ring plate 63 (reference numerals 63y ... 63y indicate fixing members such as rivets). Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the gap (groove 13x) between the right side wall 7a of the case 7 and the stopper plate 13 is cooled through the through hole 93 formed in the right end portion of the brake shaft 9. While communicating with the space 92, the gap 14x between the left side wall 7b of the case 7 and the pressure plate 12
Communicates with the cooling space 92 through a through hole 94 formed at the left end of the brake shaft 9. A gap W between the metal ring plate 63 and the inner peripheral surface of the case 7 communicates with the atmosphere through an air outlet 66, and a filter 66a is mounted inside the air outlet 66. There is.

On the other hand, the left side wall 7b of the case 7 is detachably fixed by using bolts 57 ... 57, and the left side wall 7b has a plurality of pistons (pressing members) whose tips abut against the pressure plate 12. 15 ... 15 are slidably fitted and held in the axial direction, and a hydraulic chamber 16 for applying hydraulic pressure (for example, hydraulic pressure) is formed on the rear surface of the piston 15. And
The hydraulic chamber 16 is connected to a hydraulic pressure supply port 18 (which communicates with a hydraulic pressure source) via a hydraulic pressure passage 17 as shown in FIG.

Further, a plurality of gap adjusting mechanisms 19 ... 19 are provided on the left side wall 7b of the case 7. This gap adjusting mechanism 19
As shown in FIG. 2, a piston rod 21 biased to the left by a compression coil spring 20, a stopper plate 22 for regulating the leftward movement of the piston rod 21 by contacting the stepped surface of the piston rod 21, and the stopper plate And a friction ring 24 that restricts the right movement of the retainer 23 fixed to 22. The right end of the piston rod 21 is fixed to the pressure plate 12, and therefore the pressure plate 12 is biased to the left by the compression coil spring 20. Further, the friction ring 24 is moved left and right when a force equal to or greater than a predetermined force is applied, and in response to the left and right movement, a gap X between the collar member 25 fitted to the piston rod 21 and the retainer 23. That is, the moving range of the piston rod 21 is changed.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, since the transmission device 3 which receives the weight of the disc brake device 1 is held over the carriage 50 and the axle 2, the carriage is If the dimension from the connection fulcrum Z between the 50 (protruding frame 50a) and the transmission device 3 to the axle 2 is l ₁ and the dimension from the connection fulcrum Z to the brake shaft 9 is l ₂ , the disc brake device 1 relative to the axle 2 is The weight burden W ₁ is l ₂ / l ₁ .
In this case, the disc brake device 1 may be fixed to the transmission device 3 as described above when the weight thereof is relatively light, but when the weight thereof is heavy, the carriage 50 (the protruding frame 50
It can also be fixed to a).

Further, in this embodiment, both the rotor member 10 and the stator member 11 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are made of C / C composite. This C / C composite (C
Arbon / Carbon Composites) is a carbon fiber / carbon composite material produced by strengthening the bond of carbon fibers with a resin, pitch, etc., and then performing carbonization and graphitization heat treatment. And
As shown in FIG. 7, the temperature characteristic is that steel has the sign (a).
In contrast, the C / C composite has a characteristic curve indicated by a symbol (b). That is, the C / C composite has a tensile strength that is the same as or higher than that at room temperature even in the high temperature state. In addition to these, the properties of the C / C composite include light weight, high elasticity, fine structure with little anisotropy, excellent slidability and wear resistance.

 Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.

When the towing vehicle is running, the rotation of the axle 2 is transmitted to the rotary shaft portion 30 and the brake shaft 9 via the transmission device 3 (gear transmission mechanism), and the rotor members 10, 10 rotate. In this case, since the hydraulic chamber 16 is in a pressureless state on the rear surface of the piston 15,
No force is generated to push 12 to the right in FIG. 2, so that the rotor members 10 and 10 can freely rotate with respect to the stator members 11 ... On the other hand, when the brake command is issued, the hydraulic chamber 16 is in a pressurized state, and accordingly, the piston 15 moves to the right to press the pressing plate 12 and the rotor members 10, 10 and the stator member. 11 ... 11 are pressed against the stopper plate 13, and the friction between the rotor members 10, 10 and the stator members 11 ... 11 generated at this time causes the rotor members 10, 10, the brake shaft 9, the rotating shaft portion 30 and The rotation of axle 2 stops. Then, when the brake command is released, the hydraulic chamber 16 is in a non-pressure state, and the pressure plate 12 is the compression coil spring of the clearance adjusting mechanism 19.
It moves to the left by the spring force of 20 and returns to the initial state.

In this case, the heat generated when the vehicle is braked is dispersed as frictional heat at a plurality of points generated between the rotor members 10, 10 and the stator members 11, ... The heating value for 10,10,11 ... 11 will be greatly reduced.

Further, in this case, the small-diameter inner hole 31 of the rotating shaft portion 30 is inserted through the filter 62 mounted on the left side wall 7b of the case 7.
The cooling air that has flowed into the cooling space 92 is introduced into the cooling space 92 through the through holes 32 as shown by the arrow in FIG.
After performing a required cooling action on the brake shaft 9 and the rotary shaft portion 30, the gas flows through the through holes 93, 94 into the gaps 13x, 14x, further flows into the gap W, and then through the filter 66a. And is discharged into the atmosphere through the air discharge port 66. In this way, the cooling air cools the brake shaft 9 and the rotating shaft portion 30 in the cooling air 92, so that the rotor members 10, 10 and the stator members 11 ... 11 become hot when braking from high speed running. Even if it does, heat conduction to the rotating shaft portion 30 is suppressed as much as possible. As a result, various harmful effects due to the temperature increase of the rotating shaft portion 30, for example, early damage of the bearing 95 that rotatably holds the left end portion of the rotating shaft portion 30, and rotation of the right end portion of the rotating shaft portion 30. A bearing (not shown) in the transmission device 3 that is movably held.
Early damage of the can be effectively prevented.

When the cooling air flows in the case 7 as described above, heat is dissipated from the pressure plate 12, the stopper plate 13 and the metal ring plate 63, which have large surface areas as described above. The rotor members 10, 10 and the stator members 11 ... 1
While preventing excessive temperature rise of 1, the rotor member 10,
Since the 10 and the stator members 11 ... 11 are made of C / C composite, dust generated by sliding between the respective members flows out into the gap W through the through holes 63x ... 63x of the metal ring plate 63 and the air. It is collected by the filter 66a inside the discharge port 66.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the present invention. Constituent elements common to those of the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in the figure, the other embodiment is different from the above-mentioned embodiment in that the arrangement position of the pin 91 for fixing the brake shaft 9 and the rotating shaft portion 30 is changed, and the brake shaft 9 is different. Is held by the bearing 95 (the rotating shaft portion 30 is held by the bearing 95 in the above-described embodiment), and the inner hole of the brake shaft 9 is defined by the large-diameter inner hole 90a and the small-diameter inner hole 90b. These are the points that are configured and the point that a gap is formed between the left end face of the rotating shaft portion 30 and the inner end face of the brake shaft 9 and this gap is used as an air passage. Therefore, the small diameter inner hole 90 of the brake shaft 9 is passed through the filter 62.
The cooling air that has flowed into b is introduced into the cooling space 92 through the path indicated by the arrow, and also flows out into the gaps 13x and 14x through the through holes 93 and 94. Also in this embodiment, since the brake shaft 9 and the rotating shaft portion 30 are suitably cooled when the cooling air passes through the cooling space 92, the rotor members 10, 10 and the stator members 11, ... The degree to which the frictional heat generated between the two is transmitted to the brake shaft 9 and the rotating shaft portion 30 is reduced as much as possible, and various harmful effects due to the high temperature of both shafts 9 and 30 are effectively prevented. Become.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, a multi-plate disc brake device including a plurality of rotor members made of a carbon-based composite material and a plurality of stator members is used as a brake device attached to a towing vehicle. As a result, the heat generated when the vehicle is braked is dispersed as frictional heat generated at a plurality of points between the respective members, and the heat generation amount of each member is reduced, resulting in uneven wear. It is possible to avoid such problems as occurrence and shortening of life, and to obtain an advantage that the layout of the device can be simplified and the mountability can be facilitated.

According to the present invention, in particular, the rotary shaft portion through which the rotation of the axle is transmitted through the transmission device is fitted into the inner hole of the brake shaft to which the rotor member is attached, and the small inner diameter of the rotary shaft is provided. Since the air communication passage for introducing the cooling air is formed in the gap between the hole and the inner peripheral surface of the case and the metal ring plate, the brake shaft and thus the rotating shaft portion is operated by the action of the cooling air introduced into the cooling space. It is preferably cooled, whereby the conduction of frictional heat generated between the rotor member and the stator member to other parts is reduced as much as possible, and the temperature of the brake shaft, and thus of the rotary shaft portion, is raised. Various adverse effects (for example, damage to the bearing) involved can be avoided. Further, it is possible to surely avoid the problem that the frictional heat is transmitted to the axle as in the conventional case. Further, by using the carbon-based composite material for the rotor member and the stator member, light weight, high elasticity, fine structure with little anisotropy, excellent slidability and wear resistance can be obtained.

Furthermore, when a large amount of cooling air is brought into direct contact with the carbon-based composite material, it is weathered by oxidation and cannot be used.
In the present invention, as described above, the cooling air is introduced into the gap formed by the metal ring plate between the small inner hole of the rotor shaft portion and the inner peripheral surface of the case and the key member to cool the rotor. The durability of the rotor member and the stator member is further improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 7 show an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing a mounted state of a railway vehicle disc brake device, and FIG. 2 is an inside of a railway vehicle disc brake device. FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional side view of an essential part showing the internal structure of a disk brake device for a railway vehicle, FIG. 4 is a side view of a pressure plate alone, and FIG. 5 is a stopper plate alone. A side view, FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a state where a metal ring plate is attached to the key member, and FIG. 7 is a graph showing the characteristics of the C / C composite. Further, FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the present invention and is a vertical sectional front view of an essential part showing the internal structure of the disk brake device for a railway vehicle.
Further, FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view showing one conventional example, and FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view showing another conventional example. 1 ... Disc brake device 2 ... Axle 3 ... Transmission device 8 ... Key member 9 ... Brake shaft 10 ... Rotor member 11 ... Stator member 15 ... Pressing member (piston) 30 ... Rotating shaft part 90 ... Inner hole 90a ... Inner hole (large) Inner diameter) 92 ... Cooling air

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-52-43073 (JP, A) JP-B 41-5210 (JP, B1) JP-B 39-25912 (JP, B1)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of rotor members made of a carbon-based composite material, which are attached to an axle of a railway vehicle via a transmission device and rotate together with a rotating shaft portion provided in the transmission device, and a carbon-based composite non-rotatably fixed. In a railway vehicle disc brake in which a plurality of stator members made of material are pressed by a pressing member to generate a braking force by friction, a small inner diameter hole is formed inside the rotating shaft portion, and the rotating shaft portion is formed in the inner hole. A brake shaft which is fitted into the brake shaft and rotates together with the rotary shaft portion, and a key which is fixed to the case by externally fitting so that the rotor member rotates with the brake shaft and is slidable only in the axial direction. The stator member is externally fitted to the member so as to be slidable only in the axial direction, and a metal is formed on the outer periphery of the key member so as to form a gap between the inner peripheral surface of the case and the key member. A plate is provided, and cooling air introducing means for introducing cooling air is provided in the small inner diameter hole of the rotating shaft portion and the gap without directly blowing the stator member and the rotor member. Disc brake device for railway vehicles.