JP2565516Y2 - Combustion chamber of a swirl chamber type diesel engine - Google Patents
Combustion chamber of a swirl chamber type diesel engineInfo
- Publication number
- JP2565516Y2 JP2565516Y2 JP139992U JP139992U JP2565516Y2 JP 2565516 Y2 JP2565516 Y2 JP 2565516Y2 JP 139992 U JP139992 U JP 139992U JP 139992 U JP139992 U JP 139992U JP 2565516 Y2 JP2565516 Y2 JP 2565516Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- jet
- combustion chamber
- cavity portion
- piston
- large cavity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この考案は、渦流室式ディーゼル
機関の燃焼室の改良、特にピストン側のキャビティ構造
の改良に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement in a combustion chamber of a vortex chamber type diesel engine, and more particularly to an improvement in a piston side cavity structure.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】渦流室式ディーゼル機関においては、ピ
ストン頂面に、噴口下方からピストン中心に向けて延び
た溝状のトレンチ部を設けるとともに、該トレンチ部の
先端に一対の大キャビティ部を連続させてなる所謂クロ
ーバーリーフ型のキャビティを凹設した構成が一般的で
あり、更に、トレンチ部の基部つまり噴口下方位置を部
分的に深く形成したもの(例えば特開昭53−2570
9号公報)も知られている。2. Description of the Related Art In a swirl chamber type diesel engine, a groove-shaped trench extending from the lower part of the injection port toward the center of the piston is provided on the top surface of the piston, and a pair of large cavities is continuously formed at the tip of the trench. In general, a so-called cloverleaf-type cavity is formed in a concave shape, and further, a base portion of the trench portion, that is, a position below the injection port is formed partially deep (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 53-2570).
No. 9) is also known.
【0003】[0003]
【考案が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記従
来の構成では、噴口から噴出した噴流がトレンチ部に沿
ってスムースに直進してしまうため、主燃焼室側での燃
焼の初期段階において噴流と周囲の空気との混合が不十
分となり易く、HCやスモークの排出量が多い、という
問題がある。尚、噴口下方位置を局部的に深く凹設した
としても、噴口から噴流が噴出し始めた極めて初期の段
階では、その凹部部分の空気が有効に利用されるもの
の、引き続き噴流が噴出すると、むしろ凹部内で空気が
不足した状態となったままガスがよどみ、大キャビティ
部側への拡散が阻害されてしまうため、HCやスモーク
を低減する効果はそれほど期待できない。However, in the above-mentioned conventional structure, the jet jetting out from the injection port smoothly goes straight along the trench portion, so that the jet jet and the surroundings in the initial stage of combustion on the main combustion chamber side. Mixing with air tends to be insufficient, and there is a problem that a large amount of HC and smoke is emitted. Even if the lower part of the injection port is locally deeply recessed, the air in the concave portion is effectively used at the very early stage when the jet starts to be ejected from the injection port, but if the jet continues to be ejected, Since the gas stagnates in a state where the air is insufficient in the concave portion and the diffusion to the large cavity portion side is hindered, the effect of reducing HC and smoke cannot be expected so much.
【0004】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】この考案に係る渦流室式
ディーゼル機関の燃焼室は、主燃焼室の周辺部に開口
し、かつ渦流室からの噴流が主燃焼室の中心に向かうよ
うに傾斜した噴口と、ピストン頂面に凹設され、かつ上
記噴流の中心線を挟んで左右にそれぞれ略円形に広がる
とともに、中央部で互いに連続した一対の大キャビティ
部と、ピストン頂面の噴口下方位置に凹設され、かつ上
記大キャビティ部と略同一の深さを有するとともに、該
大キャビティ部に連続した噴流導入部と、この噴流導入
部から上記大キャビティ部に至る噴流の流路の途中に位
置し、かつ大キャビティ部および噴流導入部よりも深く
形成された噴流拡散部とを備えたことを特徴としてい
る。The combustion chamber of the swirl chamber type diesel engine according to the present invention is open to the periphery of the main combustion chamber and is inclined so that the jet from the swirl chamber is directed toward the center of the main combustion chamber. And a pair of large cavities, which are recessed on the piston top surface and extend to the right and left respectively across the center line of the jet flow, and are continuous with each other at the center, and the position of the piston top surface below the nozzle And having substantially the same depth as the large cavity portion, and a jet introduction portion continuous with the large cavity portion, and a jet flow passage from the jet introduction portion to the large cavity portion in the middle of the flow path of the jet flow. A large cavity portion and a jet diffusion portion formed deeper than the jet introduction portion.
【0005】[0005]
【作用】圧縮上死点付近で渦流室から噴口を通して噴出
した未燃燃料を含む噴流は、噴流導入部底面に衝突し、
かつ大キャビティ部へ向かって流れる。そして、この噴
流が噴流拡散部の上を通過する際に、噴流拡散部内に残
っていた新鮮な空気が巻き込まれ、未燃燃料と空気との
混合が促進される。つまり、大キャビティ部側へ速やか
に拡散すると同時に、その途中で新鮮な空気を取り込ん
で良好な初期燃焼が行われる。The jet containing unburned fuel ejected from the swirl chamber through the nozzle near the top dead center of the compression collides with the bottom of the jet introduction part,
And it flows toward a large cavity part. Then, when the jet passes over the jet diffusion part, the fresh air remaining in the jet diffusion part is entrained, and the mixing of the unburned fuel and the air is promoted. In other words, at the same time as quickly diffusing to the large cavity portion side, fresh air is taken in the middle of the diffusion and good initial combustion is performed.
【0006】[0006]
【実施例】以下、この考案の一実施例を図面に基づいて
詳細に説明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
【0007】図1および図2は、この考案の第1実施例
を示すもので、1がシリンダブロック、2がシリンダヘ
ッド、3がピストンを示している。シリンダボア4の上
面を覆うシリンダヘッド2下面は平坦面に形成されてお
り、ピストン3頂面との間に主燃焼室5が形成されてい
る。FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 denotes a cylinder block, 2 denotes a cylinder head, and 3 denotes a piston. The lower surface of the cylinder head 2 that covers the upper surface of the cylinder bore 4 is formed as a flat surface, and the main combustion chamber 5 is formed between the lower surface and the top surface of the piston 3.
【0008】渦流室6は、シリンダヘッド2の側部に沿
って位置し、かつ該渦流室6から延びた噴口7が主燃焼
室5の周辺部に開口している。この噴口7は幅方向がや
や広くなった偏平な通路断面を有し、かつ渦流室6から
の噴流が主燃焼室5の中心に向かうように傾斜してい
る。図1には、上記の噴流のピストン3平面上における
中心線を符号Lにて示してある。The swirl chamber 6 is located along the side of the cylinder head 2, and an injection port 7 extending from the swirl chamber 6 opens to the periphery of the main combustion chamber 5. The injection port 7 has a flat passage section with a slightly wide width direction, and is inclined so that the jet from the vortex chamber 6 is directed toward the center of the main combustion chamber 5. In FIG. 1, the center line of the above-mentioned jet on the plane of the piston 3 is indicated by a symbol L.
【0009】主燃焼室5を画成するピストン3の頂面に
は、ピストン3中央部付近に、略円形をなす一対の大キ
ャビティ部8が一定の深さで凹設されている。この大キ
ャビティ部8は、上記中心線Lを挟んで左右に広がって
おり、全体として8の字状をなすとともに、中心線Lに
沿った中央部分が互いに連続して一体となっている。そ
して、両者の接続部となる中心線L上の噴口7と反対側
の外殻は、噴口7に向かって舌片状に延びており、両大
キャビティ部8を仕切る対向壁部9を形成している。
尚、上記大キャビティ部8は、吸排気弁のバルブリセス
を兼ねている。On the top surface of the piston 3 defining the main combustion chamber 5, a pair of large cavities 8 having a substantially circular shape are recessed at a constant depth near the center of the piston 3. The large cavity portion 8 extends right and left with the center line L interposed therebetween, and has a figure-eight shape as a whole, and central portions along the center line L are continuously integrated with each other. The outer shell on the center line L on the opposite side to the injection port 7 serving as a connection portion extends in a tongue shape toward the injection port 7 and forms an opposing wall portion 9 that partitions the large cavity portions 8. ing.
The large cavity 8 also serves as a valve recess for the intake and exhaust valves.
【0010】またピストン3頂面の噴口7下方位置に
は、噴口7の開口形状に対応した略矩形の溝状に噴流導
入部10が凹設されている。この噴流導入部10は、大
キャビティ部8と同一の深さを有するもので、噴流中心
線Lに沿ってピストン3中心側へ延設されており、かつ
大キャビティ部8に滑らかに連続している。尚、上記の
大キャビティ部8や噴流導入部10を形成する外殻の壁
面は、ピストン3頂面に対し垂直面をなしている。At a position below the injection port 7 on the top surface of the piston 3, a jet introduction section 10 is formed in a substantially rectangular groove shape corresponding to the opening shape of the injection port 7. The jet introduction portion 10 has the same depth as the large cavity portion 8, extends toward the center of the piston 3 along the jet center line L, and smoothly continues to the large cavity portion 8. I have. Incidentally, the wall surface of the outer shell forming the large cavity portion 8 and the jet flow introducing portion 10 is perpendicular to the top surface of the piston 3.
【0011】そして、上記の噴流導入部10と大キャビ
ティ部8との接続部には、大キャビティ部8等よりも深
い溝状をなす噴流拡散部11が凹設されている。この噴
流拡散部11は、噴流導入部10の出口部つまりピスト
ン3中心側の端部に位置し、噴流導入部10と略同一の
幅を有するとともに、ピストン3中心付近まで延設され
ている。また、噴流導入部10側の端部11aの壁面は
噴流導入部10との間で明確な段差が生じるようにピス
トン3頂面に対し垂直面となっており、かつピストン3
中心側では、その深さが徐々に浅くなるように底面が傾
斜面をなし、大キャビティ部8底面に滑らかに連続して
いる。[0011] At the connection between the jet introduction portion 10 and the large cavity portion 8, a jet diffusion portion 11 having a groove shape deeper than that of the large cavity portion 8 or the like is provided. The jet diffusing section 11 is located at the outlet of the jet introducing section 10, that is, at the end on the center side of the piston 3, has substantially the same width as the jet introducing section 10, and extends to near the center of the piston 3. The wall surface of the end 11a on the side of the jet introduction part 10 is perpendicular to the top surface of the piston 3 so that a distinct step is formed between the end part 11a and the jet introduction part 10.
On the center side, the bottom surface forms an inclined surface so that the depth gradually becomes shallow, and smoothly continues to the bottom surface of the large cavity portion 8.
【0012】次に上記実施例の構成における作用につい
て説明する。Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.
【0013】圧縮上死点前に渦流室6に噴射された燃料
は渦流室6内で着火,燃焼し、圧縮上死点付近で未燃燃
料を含む火炎となって噴口7から主燃焼室5側へ噴出す
る。この燃焼ガスの噴流は、先ず噴口7が対向する噴流
導入部10底面に衝突し、かつ噴流中心線Lに沿って直
進しようとする。そして、噴流拡散部11の上を通過し
て対向壁部9に衝突し、その外殻に沿って左右に滑らか
に分流される。これにより、大キャビティ部8内に矢印
で示すような強い旋回流が生起される。The fuel injected into the swirl chamber 6 before the compression top dead center is ignited and burns in the swirl chamber 6, and becomes a flame containing unburned fuel near the compression top dead center, from the injection port 7 to the main combustion chamber 5. Spout to the side. The jet of the combustion gas first collides with the bottom surface of the jet introduction part 10 where the injection port 7 faces, and tries to go straight along the jet center line L. Then, it passes over the jet diffusion portion 11 and collides with the opposing wall portion 9, and is smoothly diverted right and left along the outer shell. As a result, a strong swirling flow as shown by an arrow is generated in the large cavity portion 8.
【0014】ここで、上記の噴流が噴流拡散部11の上
を通過した際に、噴流拡散部11内に残っていた新鮮な
空気が噴流に徐々に巻き込まれ、未燃燃料と空気との混
合が促進される。また、この空気の巻き込みとともに微
細な乱れが発生し、燃焼が促進される。尚、噴流は基本
的には噴流拡散部11の上を通過して大キャビティ部8
へ向かおうとするので、噴流拡散部11内は空気が過剰
な状態に比較的長く保たれ、未燃燃料がよどんでスモー
ク等の発生原因となることはない。従って、主燃焼室5
側での比較的初期の燃焼を良好なものとすることがで
き、HCやスモークの低減を達成できる。Here, when the above-mentioned jet flows over the jet diffusion part 11, the fresh air remaining in the jet diffusion part 11 is gradually caught in the jet and mixed with the unburned fuel and air. Is promoted. In addition, fine turbulence occurs with the entrainment of the air, and combustion is promoted. It should be noted that the jet basically passes over the jet diffusion portion 11 and passes through the large cavity portion 8.
Therefore, the air in the jet diffusion portion 11 is kept in an excessively long state for a relatively long time, and the unburned fuel does not stagnate and does not cause smoke or the like. Therefore, the main combustion chamber 5
The relatively early combustion on the side can be made good, and the reduction of HC and smoke can be achieved.
【0015】次に、図3および図4は、この考案の第2
実施例を示している。この実施例は、ピストン3頂面の
噴口7側に、噴口7下方からピストン3周縁に沿って左
右に広がった側方キャビティ部21を付加するととも
に、該側方キャビティ部21へ噴流を分散させるための
分散台22を設けたものである。上記の側方キャビティ
部21は、噴口7下方の噴流導入部10と同一の深さを
有し、かつ互いに連続しているので、実質的に噴流導入
部10を兼ねたものとなっている。そして、側方キャビ
ティ部21の噴口7後方側の外殻21aはピストン3周
縁に沿った円弧形をなしている。また左右両側の外殻2
1bは、滑らかに湾曲してピストン3中心側へ向かうよ
うに斜めに延びており、側方キャビティ部21から出る
噴流を大キャビティ部8で生起される旋回流の略接線方
向へ導くようになっている。分散台22は、ピストン3
頂面と同一高さまで島状に隆起したものであって、噴口
7と対向するように噴流中心線L上に位置し、かつ大キ
ャビティ部8の外殻の一部をなすように略菱形の平面形
状を有している。Next, FIGS. 3 and 4 show the second embodiment of the present invention.
An example is shown. In this embodiment, a side cavity portion 21 extending left and right along the periphery of the piston 3 from below the injection hole 7 is added to the side of the injection hole 7 on the top surface of the piston 3, and the jet flow is dispersed to the side cavity portion 21. Is provided with a dispersing table 22. The side cavity portion 21 has the same depth as the jet flow introduction portion 10 below the injection port 7 and is continuous with each other, so that the side cavity portion 21 also substantially serves as the jet flow introduction portion 10. The outer shell 21a of the side cavity portion 21 on the rear side of the injection port 7 has an arc shape along the periphery of the piston 3. Outer shell 2 on both sides
1b is smoothly curved and extends obliquely toward the center of the piston 3, and guides the jet flowing out of the side cavity portion 21 in a substantially tangential direction of the swirling flow generated in the large cavity portion 8. ing. The dispersion table 22 includes the piston 3
It is raised in the shape of an island to the same height as the top surface, and is located on the jet center line L so as to face the injection port 7 and has a substantially rhombic shape so as to form part of the outer shell of the large cavity portion 8. It has a planar shape.
【0016】そして噴口7を出た噴流が通過する分散台
22両側に、大キャビティ部8および側方キャビティ部
21よりも深くなった噴流拡散部23が設けられてい
る。この噴流拡散部23は、側方キャビティ部21両側
の突出した外殻21bと分散台14の噴口7寄りの側縁
とを連結するような形の溝状に形成され、分散台14側
へ向かって幅が徐々に広くなっている。On both sides of the dispersion table 22 through which the jet flowing out of the jet port 7 passes, there are provided jet diffusing portions 23 which are deeper than the large cavity portion 8 and the side cavity portion 21. The jet diffusion portion 23 is formed in a groove shape that connects the protruding outer shells 21 b on both sides of the side cavity portion 21 and the side edge of the dispersion table 14 near the injection port 7, and faces the dispersion table 14. The width is gradually increasing.
【0017】この実施例においては、噴口7から出て直
進しようとした噴流が分散台22に衝突し、左右の側方
キャビティ部21へ広く分散する。つまり、側方キャビ
ティ部21付近の空気を速やかに取り込んで初期燃焼が
行われる。そして、分散台22の両側を通って噴流が大
キャビティ部8内に流入し、該大キャビティ部8内に旋
回流を生起する。この際に、噴流が噴流拡散部23を横
切るので、やはり前述した実施例と同様に、噴流拡散部
23内に残っていた空気が噴流に巻き込まれ、未燃燃料
と空気との混合が促進されるとともに、微細な乱れが生
起されて燃焼が促進される。従って、側方キャビティ部
21への噴流の分散と相俟って初期燃焼が一層良好なも
のとなる。尚、側方キャビティ部21へ向かった噴流は
両側の外殻21bに沿って大キャビティ部8内での旋回
流に略接線方向から合流するので、大キャビティ部8内
での旋回流が強化される。また、噴流の直進速度成分が
分散台22との衝突により弱められるので、対向壁部9
を乗り越えてシリンダボア4に衝突し、消炎する火炎が
少なくなる。従って、主燃焼室5全域での空気利用率が
一層向上する。In this embodiment, the jet flowing out of the injection port 7 and going straight ahead collides with the dispersion table 22 and is widely dispersed to the left and right side cavities 21. That is, the air near the side cavity portion 21 is quickly taken in and the initial combustion is performed. Then, the jet flows into the large cavity portion 8 through both sides of the dispersion table 22, and generates a swirling flow in the large cavity portion 8. At this time, since the jet traverses the jet diffusing section 23, the air remaining in the jet diffusing section 23 is caught in the jet similarly to the above-described embodiment, and the mixing of the unburned fuel and the air is promoted. At the same time, a minute turbulence is generated to promote combustion. Therefore, the initial combustion is further improved in combination with the dispersion of the jet flow into the side cavity portion 21. Since the jet flowing toward the side cavity portion 21 joins the swirling flow in the large cavity portion 8 from the substantially tangential direction along the outer shells 21b on both sides, the swirling flow in the large cavity portion 8 is strengthened. You. Further, since the straight traveling velocity component of the jet is weakened by the collision with the dispersion table 22, the opposed wall portion 9 is formed.
, And collides with the cylinder bore 4 to extinguish the flame. Therefore, the air utilization rate in the entire main combustion chamber 5 is further improved.
【0018】[0018]
【考案の効果】以上の説明で明らかなように、この考案
に係る渦流室式ディーゼル機関の燃焼室によれば、噴口
から噴出した噴流が大キャビティ部へ向かう途中で、噴
流拡散部内の空気が噴流に巻き込まれ、未燃燃料と空気
との混合が促進されるとともに、微細な乱れが生起され
るので、主燃焼室側での初期の燃焼が良好なものとな
り、HCやスモークの排出量が低減する。As is apparent from the above description, according to the combustion chamber of the swirl chamber type diesel engine according to the present invention, the air in the jet diffusion portion is generated while the jet ejected from the nozzle goes toward the large cavity portion. Entrained in the jet, the mixing of unburned fuel and air is promoted, and fine turbulence is generated, so that the initial combustion on the main combustion chamber side is good and the emission of HC and smoke is reduced. Reduce.
【図1】この考案に係る燃焼室の第1実施例を示すピス
トン頂面の平面図。FIG. 1 is a plan view of a piston top surface showing a first embodiment of a combustion chamber according to the present invention.
【図2】図1のA−A線に沿った燃焼室要部の断面図。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the combustion chamber along the line AA in FIG. 1;
【図3】この考案に係る燃焼室の第2実施例を示すピス
トン頂面の平面図。FIG. 3 is a plan view of a piston top surface showing a second embodiment of the combustion chamber according to the present invention.
【図4】図3のB−B線に沿ったピストン頂部の断面
図。FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the top of the piston taken along line BB of FIG. 3;
3…ピストン 5…主燃焼室 6…渦流室 7…噴口 8…大キャビティ部 9…対向壁部 10…噴流導入部 11…噴流拡散部 21…側方キャビティ部 22…分散台 23…噴流拡散部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Piston 5 ... Main combustion chamber 6 ... Swirl chamber 7 ... Injection port 8 ... Large cavity part 9 ... Opposing wall part 10 ... Jet introduction part 11 ... Jet diffusion part 21 ... Side cavity part 22 ... Dispersion table 23 ... Jet diffusion part
Claims (1)
からの噴流が主燃焼室の中心に向かうように傾斜した噴
口と、ピストン頂面に凹設され、かつ上記噴流の中心線
を挟んで左右にそれぞれ略円形に広がるとともに、中央
部で互いに連続した一対の大キャビティ部と、ピストン
頂面の噴口下方位置に凹設され、かつ上記大キャビティ
部と略同一の深さを有するとともに、該大キャビティ部
に連続した噴流導入部と、この噴流導入部から上記大キ
ャビティ部に至る噴流の流路の途中に位置し、かつ大キ
ャビティ部および噴流導入部よりも深く形成された噴流
拡散部とを備えたことを特徴とする渦流室式ディーゼル
機関の燃焼室。1. An injection opening which is open to a peripheral portion of a main combustion chamber and is inclined so that a jet from the vortex flow chamber is directed toward a center of the main combustion chamber, and a recess provided on a piston top surface and a center line of the jet. A pair of large cavities continuous with each other at the center, and are recessed below the injection port on the top surface of the piston, and have substantially the same depth as the large cavities. A jet introduction portion continuous with the large cavity portion, and a jet flow located in the middle of the flow path of the jet from the jet introduction portion to the large cavity portion and formed deeper than the large cavity portion and the jet introduction portion. A combustion chamber for a swirl chamber type diesel engine, comprising: a diffusion section.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP139992U JP2565516Y2 (en) | 1992-01-20 | 1992-01-20 | Combustion chamber of a swirl chamber type diesel engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP139992U JP2565516Y2 (en) | 1992-01-20 | 1992-01-20 | Combustion chamber of a swirl chamber type diesel engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH0558837U JPH0558837U (en) | 1993-08-03 |
JP2565516Y2 true JP2565516Y2 (en) | 1998-03-18 |
Family
ID=11500419
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP139992U Expired - Lifetime JP2565516Y2 (en) | 1992-01-20 | 1992-01-20 | Combustion chamber of a swirl chamber type diesel engine |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2565516Y2 (en) |
-
1992
- 1992-01-20 JP JP139992U patent/JP2565516Y2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0558837U (en) | 1993-08-03 |
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