JP2552112B2 - Small printer - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a small-sized printer, and more particularly, to a small-sized printer adapted to be capable of performing a type selection operation, a digit shift operation, and a return operation by a common mechanism. , Type selection mechanism.

[Conventional technology]

Printers that shift the type wheel to the required printing position and rotate to select the required type to perform printing are widely used in desktop calculators, electronic registers, etc. In general, since a mechanism for shifting a digit and a rotating mechanism for selecting a character are separately provided, the structure becomes complicated and it is not possible to meet the demand for miniaturization.

However, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-134752 discloses a device in which a rack is brought into contact with and separated from a worm gear that is integral with a type wheel that meshes with a worm, so that rotation and shift can be performed by one mechanism. Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-107379 discloses a device in which two worms having different angular velocities are meshed with a worm gear integrated with a type wheel so that rotation and shift can be performed simultaneously. All of them have greatly simplified the structure to solve the above-mentioned problems, but in the former case, when the rack and the gear are brought into and out of contact with each other, the tips of the teeth come into contact with each other smoothly and smoothly. Not only can accurate operation not be expected, but since it employs a type wheel return mechanism that utilizes spring tension, as in the conventional device, it has the problem of consuming a large amount of power for digit shifting. However, since it uses a digit feed mechanism based on the difference in angular velocity, it takes a lot of time to restore the type wheel and cannot be applied to high-speed printing. It has a problem that it has to be reversed.

〔Purpose〕

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a small printer that consumes less power and is suitable for high-speed printing with reliable operation.

[Means for achieving the purpose]

Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the small-sized printer of the present invention is a small-sized printer that prints on a recording paper by a hammer arranged on the carriage pushing out a character arranged on the outer periphery of a flexible character ring from an odd number. The type ring with the type letters arranged on the outer circumference, the type ring gear that rotates integrally with the type ring and has the same number of teeth as the type letters, and the type ring and the type ring gear are rotatably mounted and the printing line direction A movable carriage, two cylindrical worm members that are arranged in parallel with the moving direction of the carriage and rotate at different speeds in different directions, and control means that rotate or stop each of the worm members. And the worm members are each
It is characterized in that it is formed by double thread screws having phases different by 180 degrees and the pitch thereof is twice the pitch of the type ring gear, and the type ring gear is rotated while meshing with both of them between the worm members.

〔Example〕

Therefore, details of the present invention will be described below based on illustrated embodiments.

1 and 2 show the whole of the apparatus according to the present invention, in which reference numeral 10 is attached to a guide rail 2 fixed to a frame 1 so that the apparatus can travel in the girder feeding direction. As is apparent from FIGS. 2 and 3, the carriage 10 has a shaft 11 projecting upward from the upper surface thereof, and an odd number of characters 15 (FIG. 4) is formed on the upper end of each shaft 11.
A sleeve 17 having two type wheels 13a and 13b for numbers and symbols with a fixed type ring gear 12 having the same number of teeth as the type number 15 formed on the type ring 13 at its lower end is loosely fitted. , Type wheel
A plate-shaped shift lever 18 that is loosely fitted between the 13 and the type ring gear 12 is slidably supported in the vertical direction.

By the way, the shift lever 18 is for selectively shifting the above-mentioned two type wheels 13a and 13b to the printing position. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 10, the side surface of the shift lever 18 has a sleeve insertion hole. Two protrusions that extend radially around 20
21a and 21b are formed so as to project one side at a right angle and the other side at an oblique direction, and on their lower surfaces, projecting pieces with sloped surfaces 19 and 19 which face in mutually opposite directions are formed at both ends.
The shift lever 18 sandwiches the shaft 11 on the carriage 10 and has projections 19 and 19 on trapezoidal guides 22 and 22 provided on both sides of the shaft 11 and having inclined surfaces 22a and top surfaces 22b opposite to each other. When the carriage 10 passes near the home position (the left end in the drawing), the projections 21a and 21b integrated with the shift lever 18 are provided on the home position side of the frame 1 (FIGS. 1 and 10). ) Are alternately struck and rotated to the left and right, and simultaneously moved up and down to selectively shift one of the two type wheels 13a and 13b to the printing position.

On the other hand, one end of the carriage 1 has a type wheel 13 at one end.
One hammer lever 23 reaching the upper part of is attached to the shaft 25 so as to be rotatable, and the tip of the lever 23 is a type wheel.
In the recess 23a provided near the intersection of the central axis of 13
3 A hammer 24 for projecting the type 15 (FIG. 4) on the type belt 14 wound on the outside outward from the rear surface is attached so that the hammer 24 can rotate in the same plane as that in the type wheel 13. In addition, the spring 28 urges the tip of the arm 24a counterclockwise in the figure so that the tip of the arm 24a always faces the upper side in the direction of rotation of the type wheel 13 from the surface of the recording paper. It is configured so as to face the protrusion 16 provided on the back surface of 15.

In addition, a shaft 27 extending outward at a right angle to the traveling direction is formed integrally with the hammer lever 23 in the vicinity of its mounting portion, and a swing lever 26 is rotatably attached thereto. The rack 5 mounted on the frame 1 along the traveling direction of the carriage 10 is engaged with the teeth 5a of the rack 5 in the forward stroke (traveling to the right in the figure) to cause the hammer lever 23 to move to the type wheel. Horizontally oscillate with respect to 13, and in the backward stroke, only the oscillating lever 26 oscillates up and down by the upward slope 5b (FIG. 4) provided on the upper digit side (right side in the figure) of each tooth 5a. It is configured. In addition, reference numerals 29 and 29 in the figure
Reference numeral a denotes an ink roller provided on the shift lever 18 and its cartridge.

Numerals 30 and 40 are engaged with the above-described type wheel gear 12 on the carriage 10 to rotate the type wheel 13 for selecting a type, carry the digit feed of the carriage 10 and return the carriage 10 to the home position side. At the same time, first and second members for meshing with a paper feed gear 80, which will be described later, to feed the paper.
Worms, which are formed as two-threaded worms and which are mounted parallel to the guide rails 2. Then, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 8, toothless gears 32 and 42 are attached to the end portions of the shafts 31 and 41 projecting from one side of the frame 1, respectively.
The upper toothless gear 32 is an intermediate wheel that meshes with the gear 51 on the motor 50 shaft.
The toothless gear 42 that meshes with the other intermediate wheel 53 that rotates together with the second worm 40, and the toothless gear 42 on the shaft of the second worm 40 is combined with a timing gear 60, which will be described later, that has twice the number of teeth that mesh with the intermediate wheel 52. The driving force is applied so that they mesh with each other and rotate clockwise and counterclockwise in the figure. Each of these worm shafts 31 and 41 also has one tooth 3 which supplements the tooth-missing part of each tooth-missing gear 32, 42.
Toothed levers 34, 44 with 3, 43 are mounted and spring 3
The first toothed lever 34 is urged clockwise by 5 and 45 and the second toothed lever 44 is urged counterclockwise by 5 and 45 by the stoppers 36 and 46 at positions where the missing teeth are compensated. It is locked.

Reference numeral 70 is a selection lever that is operated to retract the toothed levers 34 and 44 from the toothless portions of the toothless gears 32 and 42 directly or via a return lever 63, and can swing on the shaft 3 on the frame 1. It is configured as a lever with five arms pivoted to the first arm, the first arm being the trigger lever of the trigger electromagnet 78.
As the actuated arm 71 extending into the working range of 79, the second arm is
The third arm is a cam 61 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) provided on the back surface of the timing gear 60, which serves as an operating arm 72 that moves into the rotation region of the second toothed lever 44 and retracts the tooth 43 from the toothless portion. ), The shoulder lever 73a causes the return lever 63 to rotate.
As an actuating arm 73 for rotating in the counterclockwise direction in the figure, and a fourth arm is a pressing arm 74 (FIGS. 2 and 8) for pressing a lock lever 84 for locking the worm shaft on the paper feed gear 80. 5C, the fifth arm is further formed as an arm 75 for biasing the lever 70 to rotate counterclockwise by a spring 65 stretched between the fifth arm and the return lever 63.

On the other hand, on the back surface of the timing gear 60, as shown in FIG. 5, a cam 61 with which a pin 73b provided at the tip of the operating arm 73 of the selection lever 70 contacts is provided. This cam 61 is the sixth
As you can see, the two grooves 61 through which the pin 73b passes
It is formed as a substantially elliptical cam with c and 61c, and the surface from the point 61a on the major axis to the point 61b on the minor axis is a lever.
When the 70 is pressed by the trigger lever 79, the pin 73b forms a surface in sliding contact with the groove 61c, and the groove 61c is formed by the trigger electromagnet 78.
Is formed as a member for pulling in the pin 73b to further rotate the selection lever 70 in the clockwise direction in the drawing when the timing gear 60 is energized for a time that is twice as long as the normal time, that is, the time required for the timing gear 60 to rotate 180 °. There is.

Reference numeral 63 is a return lever that acts on the first toothed lever 34 to retract it from the toothless portion of the first toothless gear 32, and slides and rotates on the shaft 62 of the timing gear 60. It is freely attached, and when the carriage 10 reaches the lowest digit (position on the left side in the figure), the protrusion 28 protruding there is provided.
(Figs. 3 and 9) pushes up against the spring 64,
Further, the spring 65 rotates clockwise in the figure to push it up onto the step portion 4 provided on the side surface of the frame 1 and the first toothed lever 34
When it is pushed counterclockwise in the drawing by the operating arm 73, it falls from the step portion 4 and has an engaging relationship with the first toothed lever 34. There is.

Further, the paper feeding mechanism has the structure as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 7. That is, the worm shaft 81, which is provided outside the traveling path of the carriage 10 and has three spiral strips 82 at 90 ° on the circumference, is provided with a toothless gear 80 for paper feeding attached to one end of the worm shaft 81. A disc that is configured to receive the rotational driving force from the 2 worms 40 and is normally provided at the other end.
The tooth-chipped gear 80 is locked in a non-meshing position with the second worm 40 by the lock lever 84 that acts on the locking portion 83a of the 83, but the selection lever 70 described above pivots largely and the second When the operating arm 73 presses the lock lever 84, the toothless gear 80 that has been unlocked is engaged with the second worm 40 by the spring 89 that acts on the disk 83, and rotates to engage with the spiral strip 82. 1 through the paper feed roller 85 on its shaft 86 via the Hasugaga 87
It is configured to rotate by a line.

In the drawing, reference numeral 88 is a pressure contact roller that rolls in contact with the paper feed roller 85, 90 is a recording paper guide surface, 91 is a platen surface that faces the type wheel 13, and 92 is rotated by meshing with the first worm 30. Each of the rotary encoders is shown.

 Next, the operation of the above-mentioned device will be described.

[Type selection]

When the type is selected, the power supply to the trigger electromagnet 78 is cut off.

In this state, the selection lever 70 is biased by the spring 65 and is rotated counterclockwise in the drawing as shown in FIG. 8 (a), and the one operating arm 72 has the second toothed part. Lever 44
Is located outside the rotation area of the other, and the other operating arm 73 is not in contact with the return lever 63. For this reason, the first and second toothed levers 34 and 44 contact the stoppers 36 and 46, and these teeth 33 and 43 fill the toothless portions of the toothless gears 32 and 42.

Therefore, the first worm 30 is a motor via the first toothless gear 32 and the intermediate wheel 53, and the second worm 40 is a motor via the second toothless gear 42, the timing gear 60 and the intermediate gear 52.
The type wheel gear 12, which is rotated by receiving the rotational driving force from the gear 51 on the 50 axis and meshes with the worms 30 and 40, is the carriage 10.
2 per worm revolution with the
Tooth, that is, the specified type is rotated by 2 characters.
The type wheel 13 is rotated until 15 faces platen 89. Here, the toothless gears 32 and 42 at the ends of the first worm 30 and the second worm 40 are each configured as a one-rotation clutch, and further, one type of character corresponds to one rotation of the worm because there are two characters. It is necessary to select the print type every other time. Therefore, an odd number of characters is formed on the type wheel 13, and the number of teeth of the type gear 12 is also synchronized with this so that all the characters can be selected by two rotations of the type wheel 13 as an odd number. .

[Carry and print]

When the designated type 15 is selected, the trigger electromagnet 78 is then energized for the time required for the timing gear 60 to make 1/4 rotation.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), the electromagnet 78
The trigger lever 79 that has been sucked to rotate the selection lever 70 in the clockwise direction in the figure via the arm 71 to be actuated, and causes the actuating arm 72 to enter into the rotation area of the second toothed lever 44 and move it. The tooth 43 is retained, and the tooth 43 is retracted from the toothless portion of the second toothless gear 42 to release the meshing with the timing gear 60.

On the other hand, the return lever 63 maintains the non-contact state with the other operating arm 73 despite this rotation of the selection lever 70, and is still located on the stepped portion 4 of the frame 1 and has the first toothed lever.
The contact with 34 is cut off, and the first tooth-chipped gear 32 receives the rotational driving force of the motor 50 via the intermediate wheel 53.

Therefore, the type ring gear 12 rolls on the second worm 40 that is stopped by being driven by the first worm 30 that continues to rotate, and the carriage integrated with the first worm 30 during one rotation of the first worm 30. The 10 is moved rightward in the figure by one digit, but the swing lever 26 is pushed down by the teeth 5a of the rack 5 in accordance with this movement, and the hammer lever 23 integrated with this is rotated counterclockwise. Then, the hammer 24 at the tip thereof, which is biased rightward in the figure by the spring 28, is pushed up against the back surface of the designated type 15 and brought into contact with the recording paper surface.

This state continues until the rocking lever 26 gets over the teeth 5a of the rack 5, and the type wheel 13 further rotates in the clockwise direction in the figure during this time, so that the hammer 24 causes the tip of the arm 24a to move to the type 15 position.
Recessed hole 23a at the tip of the hammer lever 23 while contacting the back surface of the
Around the center of the figure, the letter 15 is rotated counterclockwise in the figure and pressed while rolling the type 15 on the surface of the recording paper to print clear letters and the like.

When the swing lever 26 eventually falls between the teeth 5a of the rack 5 due to the subsequent rightward movement of the carriage 10, the hammer lever 23 rotates clockwise in the figure by the spring 28 acting on itself. Along with, the hammer 24 separated from the back surface of the type 15 also rotates clockwise in the figure by the urging force of the spring 28,
It returns to the state shown in FIG. 4 again to start the next printing state.

Since the second worm 40 stops while the first worm 30 makes one revolution during the carry and print strokes described above, the center of rotation of the type ring gear 12 is from the shaft 11 of the carriage 10 to the second worm 40.
Shifts to the meshing point of the type ring gear 12. Therefore, one rotation of the first worm 30 formed on the two-thread screw feeds the type ring gear 12 by two teeth, but the type ring gear 12 rotates by one tooth, and the center of the type ring gear 12 is one digit (worm. Move one pitch).

In this way, when the timing gear 60 rotates 1/4,
Since the power supply to the trigger electromagnet 78 is cut off again, as shown in FIG. 6, the pin 73b at the tip of the operating arm 73 moves on the elliptical cam 61 provided on the back surface of the timing gear 60 on its long axis. After moving from the point 61a to the point 61b on the short axis, the path A is drawn without being drawn into the groove 61c and the surface is separated from the surface of the cam 61, whereby the selection lever 70 moves counterclockwise in the figure. When rotated, it returns to the original position, the second toothed lever 44 is returned to the toothless portion of the second toothless gear 42 again, and meshes with the timing gear 60 to rotate both worms 30, 40. Moves to the next type selection operation.

[Carriage return and paper feed]

When each of the above operations progresses and the carriage 10 reaches the end position at the right end in the figure, or line replacement is required in the middle, the trigger electromagnet 78 has twice the carry gear, that is, the timing gear 60 is 180. It is energized for the time required to rotate.

This causes the selection lever pressed by the trigger lever 79.
70 Rotates in the clockwise direction in the figure in the same manner as the saw, and first locks the second toothed lever 44 by one of the actuating arms 72 to the second position.
Cut off the transmission of rotation to the worm 40.

In this state, the pin 73b at the tip of the other operating arm 73 is
During the first 1/4 rotation of the timing gear 60, the elliptical cam 61 on the back surface moves from the long axis point 61a to the short axis point 61b, but the timing gear 60 continues to rotate. As shown by the locus B in FIG. 8, the selection lever 70 is further rotated clockwise as shown in FIG. 8 (c).
As can be seen from the above, the return lever 63 is rotated counterclockwise in the figure by the shoulder portion 73a of the operating arm 73. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 9 (a), the return lever 63 located on the stepped portion 4 of the frame 1 is disengaged from the stepped portion 4 by rotating and is moved to the frame 1 side by the spring 64. It drops (FIG. 8 (b)), its tip is positioned within the rotation area of the toothed lever 34, and it is locked (FIG. 8 (c)). The rotation transmission with the intermediate gear 53 is cut off by retracting from the toothless portion of.

In such a state, the timing gear 60 rotates 180 degrees,
It continues even after the power supply to the trigger electromagnet 78 is cut off, but when the groove 61c of the cam 61 releases the pin 73b at the tip of the actuating arm 73 after this, the selection lever 70 is urged by the spring 65 acting on itself. Rotate again counterclockwise in the figure to release the second toothed lever.
The lock 43 is released and its teeth 43 are returned to the toothless portion of the second toothless gear 42, and this is meshed with the timing gear 60 to rotate the second worm 40.

Therefore, the type ring gear 12 receives the rotational driving force in the opposite direction to the direction of the direction by the second worm 40 and stops.
Roll over 30 and return the carriage 10 which is integral with the carriage to the home position at the left end in the figure. When the carriage 10 reaches its end, the protrusion 28 provided at one end of the carriage 10
As shown in FIGS. 8 (c) and 8 (d), the return lever 63 is pushed up from the back side through the hole 6 of the frame 1 onto the step portion 4 to release the second toothed lever 44 from the locked state, and again as shown in FIG. The original state shown in (a) is restored.

While the carriage 10 is returning to the left in the figure, the swing lever 26 that meshes with the teeth 5a of the rack 5 swings up and down about the shaft 27 as a fulcrum, and the slope 5b provided on the right side of each tooth 5a. As it goes over (Fig. 4), the returning operation is smoothly performed without operating the hammer lever 23.

On the other hand, when the selection lever 70 pivots largely clockwise,
The tip of the operating arm 73 pushes down the lock lever 84 to disengage the tip from the locking portion 83a provided on the disk 83 (Fig. 8 (c)). As a result, the paper feed tooth-chipped gear 80, which has been held in a non-meshing state with the second worm 40, is rotated by being biased by the spring 89 acting on the disc 83, and the spiral of the second worm 40 is rotated. Enter into a meshing relationship with teeth. And cam 61
The selection lever 70 released from is inverted, which causes the second
When the worm 40 starts to rotate, the toothless gear 80 for paper feeding driven by this also starts to rotate and drives the helical gear 82 that meshes with the spiral 82, and records with the paper feeding roller 85 on its shaft 86. Send one line of paper. This operation continues until the carriage 10 returns to the home position side, after which the partly tooth-missing gear 80 for feeding the paper is moved to the second worm by the partly tooth-missing part.
It becomes a non-meshing state with 40 and is again locked by the lock lever 84 to stop the paper feeding operation.

[Shift of type wheel]

When the carriage 10 travels from the upper digit side on the right side in the drawing to the home position by the above-described return operation, one protrusion 21a protruding in a direction perpendicular to the shift lever 18 is a frame provided immediately before the home position. 1. The shift lever 18 is struck by hitting the protrusion 7 on the right side from the right in the figure.
It is rotated clockwise in the figure with 17 as a fulcrum (Fig. 10 (a)). Therefore, the shift lever 18 is guided by the upward slope 22a of the guide 22 formed on the carriage 10 and pushed up while rotating to the top surface 22b of the guide 22.
The character type wheel 13b is moved to the position where the numeral character type wheel 13a has been positioned until then (3).

In this state, the carriage 10 moves from the home position side to the right side in the figure sequentially while repeating the character selection and digit feed printing while holding the character type wheel 13b at the printing position to print on the next line. At the stage where 10 reaches the 3rd or 4th digit from the least significant digit, that is, the next 2nd or 3rd digit where symbols are printed in normal recording, this time, depending on where the shift lever 18 is rotated. The other protrusion 21b protruding laterally abuts the protrusion 7 on the frame 1 to rotate the shift lever 18 in the counterclockwise direction in the figure ((c) in the figure). As a result, the shift lever 18 is guided by the slopes 22a of the guides 22, 22 and descends, and the character type wheel 13a is again moved to the place where the character type wheel 13b was located.
Is returned ((c) in the figure) to prepare for the subsequent number printing.

In the above, the series of operations of character selection, digit feed printing, carriage return, and paper feed are rotated in the opposite directions.
This is performed by the worms 30, 40 of the book, but the same action as described above can be performed by rotating the two worms 30, 40 in the same direction with the spiral direction reversed. it can.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, a type wheel having an odd number of type characters arranged on the outer periphery, a type wheel gear that rotates integrally with the type wheel, and has the same number of teeth as the type wheel, the type wheel and the type character. A carriage having a ring gear rotatably mounted thereon and movable in the printing line direction; and two cylindrical worm members arranged parallel to the carriage movement direction and rotating in different directions at a constant speed. , A control means for rotating or stopping each of the worm members, each of the worm members being a double-threaded screw having a phase difference of 180 degrees and having a pitch twice that of the type wheel gear. Gears
Since the worm members are rotated by meshing with both of them, if the two worm members are rotated, the carriage does not move but only the type wheel rotates, and if one worm member stops rotating. , When the other worm member makes one rotation, two type characters rotate, so the carriage is moved by one line and carried in the print line direction. Conversely, if only the other worm member stops rotating, The carriage is moved by the action of, but in this case, it is moved in the direction opposite to the carry direction and then returned.

In this way, the direction and amount of movement of the carriage and the type on the type wheel can be selected simply by restricting the rotation of the two worm members, so that the mechanism and control thereof are simplified. It is a thing.

Further, since each worm member is composed of a double thread, the moving time for carrying and returning the carriage is shortened, so that a high printing speed of the printer is achieved and the function is improved.

Furthermore, the PV value is halved as the number of rotations is half compared to one pitch of the worm member, and as a result the amount of wear is drastically reduced, functional failures due to wear are prevented, and the quality of the printer is greatly improved. Is.

Furthermore, when the worm member is manufactured by molding, the pitch becomes large, which improves the manufacturability of the mold, the durability of the mold, and the releasability from the mold. It is possible to significantly reduce the unit price of parts,
This greatly contributes to the low cost of the printer and the practical effect of the present invention is extremely large.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a small printer showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the same device. FIG. 3 is a side view of the same device shown in section. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the type wheel mechanism. FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the driving force transmission mechanism. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the selection lever guide cam. FIG. 7 is a top view of the paper feeding mechanism. FIGS. 8A to 8C are explanatory views showing respective operations of character selection, carry printing, and carriage return. FIGS. 9A to 9D are explanatory views showing the operation of the return lever. 10 (a) to 10 (c) are explanatory views showing the shift operation of the type wheel. 5 ... Rack 10 ... Carriage 12 ... Type wheel gear 13a, 13b ... Type wheel 30,40 ... Worm 32,42 ... Partial tooth gear 34,44 ... Toothed lever 60 ... Timing gear 61 ... … Cam 70 …… Selection lever 78 …… Trigger electromagnet 80 …… Paper feed gear 85 …… Paper feed roller

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A small printer for printing characters on a recording paper by a hammer arranged on a carriage pushing out characters arranged on the outer circumference of a flexible character wheel, and a character wheel on which an odd number of characters are arranged on the outer circumference. And a type ring gear that rotates integrally with the type ring and has the same number of teeth as the type letters, and a carriage that is rotatably mounted with the type ring and the type ring gear and is movable in the row direction of printing. And two cylindrical worm members that are arranged parallel to the moving direction of the carriage and that rotate in mutually different directions at a constant speed, and a control unit that rotates or stops each of the worm members. , The worm members are 180 degrees out of phase with each other 2
A small printer characterized in that it is formed with a thread and its pitch is twice as large as that of the type ring gear, and the type ring gear is rotated while meshing with both of the worm members.