JP2545411B2 - Liquid crystal composition - Google Patents
Liquid crystal compositionInfo
- Publication number
- JP2545411B2 JP2545411B2 JP62258311A JP25831187A JP2545411B2 JP 2545411 B2 JP2545411 B2 JP 2545411B2 JP 62258311 A JP62258311 A JP 62258311A JP 25831187 A JP25831187 A JP 25831187A JP 2545411 B2 JP2545411 B2 JP 2545411B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- temperature
- composition
- temperature dependence
- response time
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000005262 ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091027981 Response element Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、液晶組成物に関し、さらに詳しく述べるな
らば、強誘電性液晶表示素子に用いる液晶組成物に関す
る。The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition, and more specifically to a liquid crystal composition used in a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device.
近年、情報の多様化、迅速化に呼応して、コンパクト
でなおかつ表示情報量（表示容量）の多いディスプレイ
装置が求められている。このような目的には、大容量の
フラットパネルディスプレイとりわけ液晶表示（LCD）
が適しており、現在様々なLCDが実用化され、また提案
もされている。In recent years, in response to diversification and speeding up of information, a display device that is compact and has a large amount of display information (display capacity) has been demanded. High-capacity flat panel displays, especially liquid crystal displays (LCDs), for this purpose
Is suitable, and various LCDs are currently put into practical use and proposed.
しかし、現状のLCDは、表示容量が最大640×400画素
程度で、高精細の大容量表示（例えば1000×750画素）
は行えず、なおかつコントラスト、応答時間が十分でな
いため、明瞭な高精細動画表示ができないという問題が
ある。この問題を解決する方法の一つとして、画面の各
画素毎に薄膜トランジスタなどの非線形能動素子を設け
る、アクティブマトリクス方式が行われているが、1000
×750画素など膨大な数の非線形能動素子を無欠陥で製
造することは技術的に極めて困難であり、結果的に製造
コストが極めて高くなってしまうという問題がある。However, the current LCD has a maximum display capacity of about 640 × 400 pixels and high-definition large-capacity display (for example, 1000 × 750 pixels).
However, since the contrast and response time are not sufficient, clear high-definition moving image display cannot be performed. As one of the methods for solving this problem, an active matrix method is used in which a non-linear active element such as a thin film transistor is provided for each pixel of the screen.
It is technically extremely difficult to manufacture a huge number of non-linear active elements such as × 750 pixels without defects, and as a result, the manufacturing cost becomes extremely high.
製造コストを上げずに明瞭な高精細かつ大容量の動画
表示を行うLCD方式として、強誘電性液晶を２μｍ程度
の薄いパネルに封入して表示を行う強誘電性液晶表示が
提案されている（N.A.Clark and S.T.Lagerwall,Appl.P
hys.Lett.,36,899（1980））。強誘電性液晶表示は、強
誘電性液晶分子をパネル基板に平行に配向させ、なおか
つ液晶分子を層状に配列させることによって、液晶全体
として自発分極を持たせるものである。自発分極によっ
て、液晶は、外部から印加された電界と強くカップリン
グし、高速（数百〜数十μｓ）で応答することができ
る。また、強誘電性液晶は、電界印加により自発分極の
向きを転換するが、一度どちらかの方向にそろえられた
自発分極は、反対向きの電界を印加されない限り、もと
の状態を維持し、すなわちメモリ効果を有するため、原
理的には表示容量をいくらでも大きくすることができ
る。Ferroelectric liquid crystal display has been proposed as an LCD method for displaying clear high-definition and large-capacity moving images without increasing the manufacturing cost, in which a ferroelectric liquid crystal is enclosed in a thin panel of about 2 μm for display ( NAClark and STLagerwall, Appl.P
hys.Lett., 36 , 899 (1980)). In the ferroelectric liquid crystal display, the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules are aligned in parallel with the panel substrate, and the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in layers to give spontaneous polarization to the liquid crystal as a whole. Due to the spontaneous polarization, the liquid crystal is strongly coupled with an externally applied electric field and can respond at a high speed (hundreds to tens of μs). Further, the ferroelectric liquid crystal changes the direction of spontaneous polarization by applying an electric field, but the spontaneous polarization once aligned in either direction maintains the original state unless an electric field in the opposite direction is applied, That is, since it has a memory effect, the display capacity can be increased in principle as much as possible.
強誘電性液晶を用いれば、従って、基本的に安価で高
精細大容量の動画表示が可能となるものの、実際には、
現状では、自発分極の向きをそろえる点、メモリ性を安
定に維持する点などに大幅な改良が必要である。さら
に、表示素子を用いる環境温度が変わることによって、
応答時間が大幅に変わる、メモリ性の安定性が変わる、
コントラスト比が変わるなどの問題があるが、とりわけ
応答時間、メモリ性の変動は液晶の駆動特性と関連し、
大幅な変動があると事実上駆動不可能となってしまうと
いう問題がある。Therefore, if a ferroelectric liquid crystal is used, basically, it becomes possible to display a high-definition large-capacity moving image at a low cost, but in reality,
At present, significant improvements are needed in aligning the directions of spontaneous polarization and maintaining stable memory. Furthermore, by changing the ambient temperature using the display element,
Response time changes drastically, memory stability changes,
There are problems such as changing the contrast ratio, but especially the variation of response time and memory property is related to the driving characteristics of liquid crystal,
There is a problem that driving becomes impossible if there is a large fluctuation.
従って、強誘電性液晶表示素子を安定に駆動するため
に、応答時間、メモリ性の温度依存性低減が必要不可欠
である。本発明は、従来技術におけるかかる問題点を解
決することを目的とする。Therefore, in order to stably drive the ferroelectric liquid crystal display element, it is indispensable to reduce the temperature dependence of the response time and the memory property. The present invention aims to solve such problems in the prior art.
本発明によれば、平行配向処理および十分に薄いパネ
ルギャップにより液晶のら旋構造を解消する強誘電性液
晶表示素子に用いる液晶組成物が提供されるのであっ
て、この組成物は、下記の組成ＡまたはＢを有する。According to the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal composition for use in a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device, which eliminates a helical structure of liquid crystal by a parallel alignment treatment and a sufficiently thin panel gap. It has the composition A or B.
組成A: 組成B: 上記において、＊印を付した炭素原子が不斉炭素原子
である。Composition A: Composition B: In the above, the carbon atom marked with * is an asymmetric carbon atom.
強誘電性液晶表示において、応答時間の温度による変
動を小さくするためには、次の２点に留意しなければな
らない。即ち、 （１）自発分極の大きさPsの温度依存性を小さくするこ
と、および （２）液晶粘度の大きさηの温度依存性を小さくするこ
と、 である。なぜならば、強誘電性液晶表示の応答時間τ
は、Psおよびηによってほぼ決まるため、温度変動によ
ってPs,ηが大きく変わるとτも大幅に変動してしまう
からである。In the ferroelectric liquid crystal display, the following two points must be noted in order to reduce the variation of the response time with temperature. That is, (1) to reduce the temperature dependence of the spontaneous polarization magnitude Ps, and (2) to reduce the temperature dependence of the liquid crystal viscosity magnitude η. Because the response time τ of the ferroelectric liquid crystal display
Is substantially determined by Ps and η, so that if Ps and η change significantly due to temperature changes, τ also changes significantly.
また、メモリ性の安定性を広い温度範囲にわたって維
持するためには、液晶の層構造を損うことなく、液晶分
子を基板表面に均一に配向させることが必要である。そ
のためには、いわゆる配向性の良い分子構造を有する液
晶組成物が効果的である。Further, in order to maintain the stability of the memory property over a wide temperature range, it is necessary to uniformly align the liquid crystal molecules on the substrate surface without damaging the layer structure of the liquid crystal. For that purpose, a liquid crystal composition having a so-called molecular structure with good orientation is effective.
従って、応答時間、メモリ性の温度依存性を低減させ
るためには、配向性が良好で、Ps,ηの温度依存性が小
さい液晶組成物を調製しなければならない。Therefore, in order to reduce the temperature dependence of the response time and the memory property, it is necessary to prepare a liquid crystal composition having a good orientation and a small temperature dependence of Ps and η.
しかし、一般に液晶組成物の粘度は、第１図に示すよ
うに、温度の上昇に伴ない減少し、低温においてはηの
変動絶対値が極端に大きくなる。その結果、低温におい
ては、強誘電性液晶の応答時間τは大幅に長くなってし
まう。低温における粘度の増加は液晶物質の一般的性質
であるため、これを改良することは不可能である。そこ
で、ηの温度依存性は不可能なものとして、もう１つの
要因であるPsの温度依存性を調整して、ηの温度依存性
を補償することによって、全体としてはτの温度依存性
を小さくすることが有効である。幸いにも、一般に、Ps
の温度依存性は、第２図に示すように、低温から高温に
なるにつれて単調に減少する。従って、τは、Psの変化
のみを考慮すれば、低温から高温になるにつれて長くな
る。これはηの温度変化に伴うτの温度依存性とは逆で
ある。However, generally, the viscosity of the liquid crystal composition decreases as the temperature rises, and the absolute value of fluctuation of η becomes extremely large at low temperatures, as shown in FIG. As a result, the response time τ of the ferroelectric liquid crystal becomes significantly long at low temperature. It is not possible to improve this because the increase in viscosity at low temperatures is a common property of liquid crystal materials. Therefore, assuming that the temperature dependence of η is impossible, by adjusting the temperature dependence of Ps, which is another factor, and compensating the temperature dependence of η, the temperature dependence of τ as a whole is It is effective to make it small. Fortunately, in general, Ps
As shown in FIG. 2, the temperature dependence of is monotonically decreased from low temperature to high temperature. Therefore, τ becomes longer from low temperature to high temperature, considering only the change of Ps. This is opposite to the temperature dependence of τ due to the temperature change of η.
Psの温度依存性によってηの温度依存性を補償するた
めには、低温領域で|Ps|が大きくかつ温度上昇に伴うPs
の変化量が大きく、高温領域では温度上昇に伴うPsの変
化量が小さくなるような組成にする必要がある。なぜな
らば、ηの温度変化においては、低温ほど変動量が大き
いからである。このような組成を調製するためには、ま
ず配向性が良く、自発分極が大きく、かつ等方相転移温
度の高い液晶が有効であることがわかった。メモリ性の
安定性を高める上で配向性の良好さは必要不可欠であ
り、自発分極が十分大きくなければ低温でのτの短縮が
できない。また、高温になったときは、他の液晶組成物
ではPsが減少していくが、等方相転移温度が高い液晶で
は一般に高温になってもPsの減少の度合いが小さく、τ
の温度変化を小さく押えることができるからである。In order to compensate the temperature dependence of η by the temperature dependence of Ps, | Ps | is large in the low temperature region and Ps
It is necessary to make the composition such that the change amount of Ps is large and the change amount of Ps with the temperature rise is small in the high temperature region. This is because the variation of η with temperature is greater at lower temperatures. In order to prepare such a composition, it was first found that a liquid crystal having a good orientation, a large spontaneous polarization and a high isotropic phase transition temperature is effective. Good orientation is indispensable for improving the stability of memory property, and τ cannot be shortened at low temperature unless the spontaneous polarization is sufficiently large. When the temperature becomes high, Ps decreases in other liquid crystal compositions, but in liquid crystals having a high isotropic phase transition temperature, the degree of decrease in Ps is generally small even at high temperature.
This is because the temperature change can be suppressed to a small level.
このような液晶としては、一般に、配向性が良好なナ
フタレン環を中央骨格とするナフタレン系液晶で、自発
分極を大きくするために極性基と不斉炭素中心が直結
し、なおかつ等方相転移温度を高くするために環構造を
複数有するビフェニル構造を持つ化合物が効果的である
ことがわかった。Such a liquid crystal is generally a naphthalene-based liquid crystal having a naphthalene ring having a good orientation as a central skeleton, and a polar group and an asymmetric carbon center are directly connected to each other in order to increase spontaneous polarization. It was found that a compound having a biphenyl structure having a plurality of ring structures is effective for increasing the value.
以下に、本発明をさらに説明する。 The present invention will be further described below.
ソフトラビングを施したポリビニルアルコールを配向
膜として、２μｍのギャップでパネルを作製した。この
パネルに表１に示すハフタレン系液晶を主成分とする強
誘電性液晶組成物Ａを封入し、自発分極の大きさPs（nC
/cm2）、応答時間τｒ（μｓ）およびメモリ性の温度依
存性をそれぞれ測定したところ、それぞれ第３図、第４
図および表２に示す結果が得られた。また、同様にして
表１の液晶組成物Ｂについてτおよびメモリ性を測定し
たところ、第５図および表２に示す結果が得られた。こ
れらの結果を従来のエステル系液晶を主成分とする組成
物Ｃ（表１）による結果（第６図および表２）と比較す
れば、応答時間τｒおよびメモリ性の温度依存性が大幅
に改善されていることがわかる。A panel was produced with a gap of 2 μm using polyvinyl alcohol subjected to soft rubbing as an alignment film. The panel is filled with a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition A containing a haphthalene-based liquid crystal as a main component shown in Table 1, and the magnitude of spontaneous polarization Ps (nC
/ cm 2 ), the response time τ r (μs), and the temperature dependence of the memory property were measured.
The results shown in the figure and Table 2 were obtained. Further, when τ and the memory property of the liquid crystal composition B in Table 1 were measured in the same manner, the results shown in FIG. 5 and Table 2 were obtained. Comparing these results with the results (FIG. 6 and Table 2) obtained by the conventional composition C (Table 1) containing an ester liquid crystal as a main component, the temperature dependence of the response time τ r and the memory property is significantly increased. You can see that it has been improved.
表１の組成物A,Bにおいて、自発分極Psの温度依存性
とηの温度依存性を補償するのに最も有効な液晶化合物
は であるが、この液晶はもともと等方相転移温度が193℃
と高いため、混合組成物全量に対して40重量％を越える
と組成物全体が結晶化しやすくなり、かつ配向性を悪化
させるため好ましくない。一方、５重量％未満では全体
に対する効果が十分でないため好ましくない。従って、
この液晶化合物の配合量は５〜40重量％であるのが好ま
しい。In compositions A and B in Table 1, the most effective liquid crystal compounds for compensating the temperature dependence of spontaneous polarization Ps and the temperature dependence of η are However, this liquid crystal originally has an isotropic phase transition temperature of 193 ° C.
Therefore, if it exceeds 40% by weight with respect to the total amount of the mixed composition, the entire composition tends to crystallize and the orientation is deteriorated, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it is less than 5% by weight, the effect on the whole is not sufficient, such being undesirable. Therefore,
The compounding amount of this liquid crystal compound is preferably 5 to 40% by weight.
〔発明の効果〕 本発明によれば、液晶粘度の温度変化に伴う応答時間
の温度変動を、自発分極の温度変化に伴う応答時間の温
度変動で補償することができ、特に20〜45℃においては
応答時間の変動は従来の応答時間の変動（20℃における
τは45℃におけるτの約６倍）に比べて約半分（20℃に
おけるτは45℃におけるτの約３倍）であり、しかもτ
の絶対値は約1/5に減少される。また、双安定性につい
ても、従来の温度範囲に比べて約2.5倍の温度範囲が得
られ、安定した配向が得られる。 EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the temperature fluctuation of the response time accompanying the temperature change of the liquid crystal viscosity can be compensated by the temperature fluctuation of the response time accompanying the temperature change of the spontaneous polarization, particularly at 20 to 45 ° C. Is a half of the response time variation (tau at 20 ° C is about 6 times τ at 45 ° C) compared to the conventional response time variation (τ at 20 ° C is about 3 times τ at 45 ° C). Moreover, τ
The absolute value of is reduced to about 1/5. Regarding bistability, a temperature range about 2.5 times that of the conventional temperature range can be obtained, and stable orientation can be obtained.
第１図は液晶物質の粘度の温度依存性を示すモデル図、
第２図は液晶物質の自発分極の温度依存性を示すモデル
図、第３図は実施例で用いた組成物Ａの自発分極の温度
依存性を示すグラフ、第４図は実施例で用いた組成物Ａ
の応答時間の温度依存性を示すグラフ、第５図は実施例
で用いた組成物Ｂの応答時間の温度依存性を示すグラ
フ、そして第６図は比較のため用いた組成物Ｃの応答時
間の温度依存性を示すグラフである。FIG. 1 is a model diagram showing the temperature dependence of the viscosity of a liquid crystal substance,
FIG. 2 is a model diagram showing the temperature dependence of spontaneous polarization of a liquid crystal substance, FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of spontaneous polarization of the composition A used in the examples, and FIG. 4 is used in the examples. Composition A
5 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of the response time, FIG. 5 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of the response time of the composition B used in the examples, and FIG. 6 is the response time of the composition C used for comparison. 3 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 浜 秀雄 神奈川県川崎市中原区上小田中1015番地 富士通株式会社内 (72)発明者 中塚 正勝 神奈川県横浜市栄区飯島町2882番地 (56)参考文献 特開 昭62−10045（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭63−233932（ＪＰ，Ａ) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Hideo Hama, Hideo Hama 1015 Kamiodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Within Fujitsu Limited (72) Masakatsu Nakatsuka 2882 Iijima-cho, Sakae-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa (56) References Special Kai 62-10045 (JP, A) JP 63-233932 (JP, A)
Claims (1)
ップにより液晶のら旋構造を解消する強誘電性液晶表示
素子に用いる液晶組成物であって、下記の組成Ａまたは
Ｂを有する液晶組成物。 組成A: 組成B: 上記において、＊印を付した炭素原子が不斉炭素原子で
ある。1. A liquid crystal composition used in a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device, which eliminates a helical structure of liquid crystal by a parallel alignment treatment and a sufficiently thin panel gap, the liquid crystal composition having the following composition A or B. Composition A: Composition B: In the above, the carbon atom marked with * is an asymmetric carbon atom.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62258311A JP2545411B2 (en) | 1987-10-15 | 1987-10-15 | Liquid crystal composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62258311A JP2545411B2 (en) | 1987-10-15 | 1987-10-15 | Liquid crystal composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01101389A JPH01101389A (en) | 1989-04-19 |
| JP2545411B2 true JP2545411B2 (en) | 1996-10-16 |
Family
ID=17318488
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62258311A Expired - Fee Related JP2545411B2 (en) | 1987-10-15 | 1987-10-15 | Liquid crystal composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2545411B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0395522A (en) * | 1989-09-07 | 1991-04-19 | Fujitsu Ltd | Liquid crystal display element |
| JP2890759B2 (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1999-05-17 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | Optically active naphthalene derivative, method for producing the same, liquid crystal composition containing the same as active ingredient, and liquid crystal device using the same |
| JP2996268B2 (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1999-12-27 | 富士通株式会社 | Ferroelectric liquid crystal composition |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0645573B2 (en) * | 1985-07-04 | 1994-06-15 | 三井東圧化学株式会社 | Liquid crystal compound and liquid crystal composition |
| JP2713567B2 (en) * | 1986-04-04 | 1998-02-16 | 三井東圧化学株式会社 | Optically active naphthalene derivative |
-
1987
- 1987-10-15 JP JP62258311A patent/JP2545411B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH01101389A (en) | 1989-04-19 |
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